用弹性支承连续梁法求桥跨结构横向分布系数的研究——弹性支承连续梁修正法

桥跨结构横向分布系数计算法是本文着重提出的。弹性支承连续梁修正法是考虑了桥跨结构的抗扭刚度,使计算结果更加准确。作者推导出修正系数公式。     

Natural durability of wood of ten native species from northeastern Mexico

Thorn scrub vegetation in Mexico is distributed over 50 million ha, where native tree species are the source of forage, timber, firewood and charcoal. Research describing wood durability of species from this vegetation type has not been fully determined, nor classified according to international standards. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine and classify the natural durability of ten woody species. Their natural durability was determined according to the European Pre-Norm 807, the loss of dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOEdyn) (MPa) was determined and wood mass loss (g) after being exposed to Trametes versicolor and Coniophora puteana fungi. Wood durability was classified according to the European Norm 350-1. Highly significant differences (p<0.001) were found between the durability of woody species. The more durable species with lower MOEdyn lost were Condalia hookeri (57.5%±0.6%), Havardia pallens (58.2%±0.4%) and Acacia schaffneri (58.9%±6.3%). Species with lower mass loss after exposed to Coniophora puteana were Ebenopsis ebano (6.3%±1.9%), Condalia hookeri (8.6%±2.3%) and Cordia boissieri (11.8%±2.3%). E. ebano (7.1%±2.4%), Condalia hookeri (8.2%±2.5%) and Cordia boissieri (11.5%±3.1%) showed the lower mass lost after exposed to T. versicolor. According to European Norm 350-1, three woody species were classified as very durable and durable species.     

Variation in selected solid wood properties of young Pinus patula from diverse sites in the Mpumalanga escarpment area in South Africa

Regression analyses identified ‘Growth Days’ (an index expressing site moisture availability) as the only site variable contributing significantly to the prediction to wood density (R² = 0.57), whereas the model predicting grain angle included only ‘Altitude’ (R² = 0.60). These results surfaced during an investigative study to quantify various sources of variation in wood properties and to quantify the effect of a number of site factors on wood properties of Pinus patula grown in the Mpumalanga escarpment area of South Africa. For this purpose, 10 trees were sampled from each of 17 diverse sites for wood property analyses. The effects of site, distance from the pith and differences between trees within site on wood density, transverse shrinkage, grain angle and dynamic modulus of elasticity were investigated. The site factors considered included a wide variety of soil and climatic factors. The effect of radial distance from the pith and differences between individual trees within sites were highly significant, accounting for most of the variation in wood properties. Although the effects of a number of site factors were statistically significant, they generally explained relatively small but important variation in wood properties among sites. The study not only quantified the effects of important sources of variation on a few key wood properties, but it also revealed that the extent of differences between sites can be explained in terms of some specific site factors. It is envisaged that the results will contribute significantly towards the refinement of current forest site classification systems for improved decision-making with respect to wood quality in intensively managed plantation systems.     

Baked product texture: Correlations between instrumental and sensory characterization using Flash Profile

Fifteen wheat doughs with various compositions have been selected and baked in order to obtain products with densities in the range of commercial bread values (0.25–0.35 g/cm³). A quick sensory profiling technique (Flash Profile), based on the combination of free choice profiling and a comparative evaluation of the whole product set was used. The sensory jury had to focus on the sensory perception of crumb texture (tactile and visual). The treatment of collected data by Generalized Procustes Analysis shows that products were perceived differently by the panel. The main differences concern the uniformity and the size of gas cells but also mechanical properties of corresponding crumb for which attributes like hardness, springiness and crumbliness were used. Instrumental characterization was performed using uniaxial compression (Young's modulus) and image analysis based on texture granulometry (fineness and homogeneity of cell distribution). A Multiple Factor Analysis allowed assessing the correlations between the sensory attributes and the instrumental measurements. Density and Young's modulus are positively correlated with the sensory elasticity. The instrumental and sensory measurements of the size and of the homogeneity of the cells distribution are correlated.     

基于部分交互作用理论的钢-混凝土组合梁弹性挠度分析

为分析钢-混凝土组合梁界面滑移对组合梁变形的影响,基于Euler-Bernoulli梁弹性弯曲理论和钢-混凝土组合梁部分交互作用理论,建立了钢-混凝土组合梁受力时截面内力、界面滑移和弯曲变形控制微分方程;得出了组合梁界面滑移、截面内力和弯曲挠度的一般方程,给出了各种工况下考虑界面滑移时的组合梁挠度方程和跨中挠度系数,并与其他模型进行对比验证。结果表明:本研究得到的组合梁跨中挠度方程与现有模型相比在理论上更为严密,所得结果更为安全。     

化学处理木材的动态粘弹性研究

为了弄清楚不同化学试剂处理引起木材内部分子构造的变化及其分子的运动状态,该研究针对杉木试材,采用动态粘弹性分析仪,测定了含水率在纤维饱和点状态下脱木素处理木材、DMSO处理木材和非晶化处理木材以及素材,在-100～10℃、0.5～10 Hz的动态粘弹性.研究结果表明:①在-100～10℃范围内观察到两个松弛过程,-30℃附近的α松弛过程和-100℃附近的β松弛过程;②频率越高,损耗模量峰值对应的温度越高,贮存模量随着温度的升高而降低;③α松弛过程中非晶化处理木材的活化能最高,DMSO处理木材次之,脱木素处理木材与素材接近;④木材发生α松弛过程的主要原因是吸着水分子的回转取向运动,发生β松弛过程的主要原因是无定形区细胞壁物质中的伯醇羟基基团的运动.      

Effect of drying on soil strength and corn emergence

Summary Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of drying on soil strength and corn emergence (Zea mays L.). Corn was germinated in Billings silty clay under a bank of heat lamps which operated 9, 14, 19, or 24 h per day. Soil strength (modules of rupture), soil moisture content and emergence were measured daily.The relationship of soil strength to corn seedling emergence as influenced by the four light and heat durations and bare and mulched soil surfaces was determined. As soil strength increased emergence decreased until it ceased at soil strengths of about 80 kPa. Strength of this soil had a high negative correlation with soil water content and increased with time. Mulching decreased initial rate of drying, decreased crust strength, and improved corn emergence. The 14-hour light and heat treatment resulted in the highest corn emergence.Contribution from Colorado State Experiment Station, USDA-ARS Snake River Conservation Research Center, and USDA-ARS Fort Collins, respectively     

节子对木材振动性能的影响

采用弯曲振动实验方法,测定、分析了无节子正常试件、截断后胶接(即含胶接面)及插入节子(即用木材节子取代正常试件中的一段)后试件的前四阶弹性模量、前二阶阻尼系数。研究结果表明:含胶接面试件的一阶至四阶弹性模量值相比无节子正常试件基本呈现降低的趋势,前二阶阻尼系数相对与无节子正常试件呈增大的趋势,其中一阶阻尼系数受影响最大;在正常试件中插入节子后,各阶弹性模量均呈现下降趋势,前二阶阻尼系数呈现增大的趋势,其中一阶弹性模量与一阶阻尼系数受插入节子的影响最大。     

前处理对大豆分离蛋白热凝胶流变学特性的影响

为了研究不同因素对大豆分离蛋白热凝胶流变学特性所产生的影响,通过改变大豆分离蛋白液的加热温度、pH以及无机盐的含量,采用旋转流变仪研究了不同大豆分离蛋白热凝胶的流变学特性.结果表明,大豆分离蛋白热凝胶的弹性模量G'随着扫描频率的降低而减小;制备凝胶时的热处理温度、盐离子含量以及pH均对大豆分离蛋白热凝胶的流变学特性产生...     

农业生产利益机制探析

本文对农业生产利益现状进行了剖析,揭示了我国农业生产徘徊不前的原因,对如何提高农业生产利益,作者提出了自己独特的新见解。