基于EMD方法的土壤入渗空间异质性及其影响因素研究

利用经典统计学方法和经验模态分解方法(EMD),分析了杨凌区、武功县和乾县临平镇一带0~40cm土层土壤物理性质(初始含水率、体积质量、有机质、颗粒组成)和入渗性能(90min累积入渗量、初始入渗率、稳定入渗率)的空间变异性,研究了EMD分量对变异的贡献率,并进一步对多尺度下土壤入渗性能与土壤物理性质进行了相关性分析。结果表明:1土壤物理特性空间序列中,除土壤体积质量变异系数为0.08、表现为弱变异外,含水率、颗粒组成及有机质均表现为中等变异,变异系数为0.11~0.35;2对于土壤入渗特性,稳定入渗率、90min累积入渗量和初始入渗率均表现为中等变异,且三者变异程度依次减弱;3EMD分解研究发现:小尺度分量对土壤入渗性能总变异的贡献率比大尺度分量高;不同的土壤物理性质对土壤入渗性能的影响随尺度变化。     

基于FSEC赛车电池箱的结构设计与强度分析

以中国大学生电动方程式赛车的电池箱体研究为背景,对电池箱的结构设计和强度分析方面进行了研究论证,提出了电池箱设计的总体思路,使电池箱的结构设计紧凑合理,工作安全可靠,符合赛事规则。这对纯电动乘用车在电池箱的结构设计方面也具有参考和借鉴的价值。     

基于生化数据处理模型的测控软件开发策略

为改变国产生化分析仪器测控软件功能单一的落后状况,针对非生化检测专业的软件开发人员提出了一种基于生化数据处理模型的测控软件开发策略。详细地分析了软件总体结构、测试机理和数据库操作方面的策略内容,对于生化数据的处理和分析提出了三种数据处理模型,并设计了其中一种程序流程。     

基于描述性统计分析的销售环节粮食损失影响因素研究

以粮食销售商为研究对象,调查了全国9省51市销售环节粮食损失情况,并以获取的1 864个样本为基础数据,分析了我国粮食销售商的基本特征以及销售阶段各环节粮食损失的影响因素。结果表明,我国粮食经营者的主要特征为男性略多于女性,年龄为36~45岁,大部分为中学学历,从业时间为6~10年;粮食销售商多为个体工商户,店铺面积普遍为20~50 m2,年销售额普遍为10万~50万元;存储环节中各因素对粮食销售损失的影响最大,装卸、搬运环节次之,展销环节对粮食损失影响最小。     

Application of Principal Component Analysis on Workable Competition Evaluation

The effective competition is an effective organizational form of the industry in modem market economy. It is a form accompanied with large - scale production and vigor competition. The analysis of effective competition has been the focus that people have paid close attention to it very much all the time. It is a basis of industrial policy, on the basis of the former research, the aufhors bring out 9 indexes according to the actual situation of our country, then take automobile trade as an example, we analyze the automobile trade with principal component.     

奚家港渔业村渔民收入状况调查分析

从事海洋渔业捕捞的渔民经济收入,随着海洋渔业资源的变化状况而变动,渔业资源的变化导致价格和成本的变化,并最终影响渔民的经济收入。笔者选取具有代表性的上海市崇明县奚家港渔业村为调查对象,通过对该渔业村2002—2011年的渔民收入等相关经济情况进行深入调查,采用文献调查、抽样调查等科学的调查方法,运用相关数据分析模式,对该渔业村有关的渔业经济数据进行科学详细的分析,让人们对上海市从事海洋捕捞业的渔民这一阶层有了充分的认识,特别是对渔民的经济生活有了更进一步的了解。分析该地区渔民收入现状,发现其中的渔业经济问题,采用科学方法提出对应的应对策略和解决措施,对增加渔民收入、渔村的和谐发展、渔业经济的繁荣有一定的推动作用。     

Characterization of cytoplasmic male sterility in Petunia hybrida. I. Localization,composition and activity of esterases

Summary Anthers of male fertile, cytosterile and restored male fertile clones of Petunia hybrida were compared for esterase activity and composition in subsequent stages of microsporogenesis. Three methods were applied (i) ultra-thin layer isoelectric focussing on polyacryl amide gels, (ii) quantitative spectrophotometrical assay, (iii) histochemical determination of total esterase activity associated to the azo-coupling method (Pearse, 1972).In male fertile and restorer idiotypes the isozyme patterns were quite similar. Both the number and intensity of bands increased gradually till the tetrad stage. In contrast, esterase activity in cytosterile anthers remained at a low level and hardy any new bands showed up in later stages. This unvariable, low activity level in cytosterile anthers was also found in the spectrophotometric assay. Histochemical determinations revealed that in male fertile anthers esterase activity is concentrated in the outer tapetal layer at late prophase and that it accumulates there till the early microspore stage. In male sterile anthers esterase accumulation in the tapetal cells stops at the moment that tapetal breakdown becomes visible. This suggests that differences in esterase activity and composition are an effect rather than a cause of the failing pollen formation.     

基于线性谱聚类的林地图像中枯死树监测

【目的】将基于线性谱聚类超像素的方法应用在森林病虫害防治领域,可智能监测无人机森林虫害图像中的枯死树,为森林有害生物的监测工作提供技术支撑。【方法】分别以湖北省受松材线虫与辽宁省受红脂大小蠹侵害的松林无人机图像为试验数据,首先使用线性谱聚类超像素分割算法将图像划分为多个超像素;然后基于枯死树木的颜色特征,初步提取可能为枯死树的超像素区域;最后基于枯死树木与其他干扰地物具有不同的纹理特征,计算超像素的区域密度和缝隙量,利用支持向量机对初步提取的超像素进行分类,从而检测出图像中的枯死树。【结果】基于线性谱聚类超像素和支持向量机的枯死树监测方法可有效排除与枯死树木颜色相近的其他干扰地物,较准确地提取出枯死树木。使用该方法与基于植被颜色指数的阈值分割方法、基于简单线性迭代聚类超像素和随机森林的方法,对35幅受灾松林无人机图像进行试验,并选用交并比、虚警率和漏检率3个评价指标对3种方法进行定量对比分析。结果表明,基于线性谱聚类超像素的方法监测出的枯死树区域最精确,其监测结果与人工检测结果的交并比均值大于58%,且虚警率和漏检率均优于另外2种方法。【结论】基于线性谱聚类超像素的枯死树监测方法能实现松林中枯死树的快速、准确检测及定位。     

A multi-analysis approach for space–time and economic evaluation of risks related with livestock diseases: The example of FMD in Peru

This study presents a multi-disciplinary decision-support tool, which integrates geo-statistics, social network analysis (SNA), spatial-stochastic spread model, economic analysis and mapping/visualization capabilities for the evaluation of the sanitary and socio-economic impact of livestock diseases under diverse epidemiologic scenarios. We illustrate the applicability of this tool using foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in Peru as an example. The approach consisted on a flexible, multistep process that may be easily adapted based on data availability. The first module (mI) uses a geo-statistical approach for the estimation (if needed) of the distribution and abundance of susceptible population (in the example here, cattle, swine, sheep, goats, and camelids) at farm-level in the region or country of interest (Peru). The second module (mII) applies SNA for evaluating the farm-to-farm contact patterns and for exploring the structure and frequency of between-farm animal movements as a proxy for potential disease introduction or spread. The third module (mIII) integrates mI–II outputs into a spatial-stochastic model that simulates within- and between-farm FMD-transmission. The economic module (mIV) connects outputs from mI–III to provide an estimate of associated direct and indirect costs. A visualization module (mV) is also implemented to graph and map the outputs of module I–IV. After 1000 simulated epidemics, the mean (95% probability interval) number of outbreaks, infected animals, epidemic duration, and direct costs were 37 (1, 1164), 2152 (1, 13, 250), 63 days (0, 442), and US$ 1.2 million (1072, 9.5 million), respectively. Spread of disease was primarily local (<4.5 km), but geolocation and type of index farm strongly influenced the extent and spatial patterns of an epidemic. The approach is intended to support decisions in the last phase of the FMD eradication program in Peru, in particular to inform and support the implementation of risk-based surveillance and livestock insurance systems that may help to prevent and control potential FMD virus incursions into Peru.     

基于芯片数据和整合分析研究奶牛乳房炎的关键通路

奶牛乳房炎是奶牛的常见病和多发病之一,给奶牛业带来巨大的经济损失,严重制约着奶牛业的发展。为了进一步了解乳房炎的调控机理,对已发表的5套大肠杆菌感染奶牛乳腺上皮细胞的表达谱芯片数据统一进行预处理,并整合大肠杆菌感染1、6、24 h的基因富集分析,以期得到更可靠的影响奶牛乳房炎的关键基因和通路。结果发现,感染1、6和24 h数据集的分析结果中共同下调通路分别为9、30和17个,分析结果确定了一些奶牛乳房炎相关的通路及基因,为进一步揭示其调控机理提供参考。