甘肃张掖地区苹果蠹蛾发育起点温度和有效积温的研究

为了明确温度对苹果蠹蛾生长发育的影响,在室内15、20、25、28、31、34 ℃条件下,测定了苹果蠹蛾各发育阶段的历期,利用Marquardt法拟合推导出苹果蠹蛾的发育起点温度与有效积温。结果表明,在15~31 ℃范围内,苹果蠹蛾各阶段发育历期随温度的升高而缩短,但是当温度达34 ℃时,苹果蠹蛾发育速率变慢,各阶段发育历期出现较为明显的延长现象,各虫态死亡率大幅增加,已接近苹果蠹蛾存活的上限;苹果蠹蛾卵、幼虫、蛹和整个未成熟期的发育起点温度分别为10.64、10.68、9.33、10.41 ℃,有效积温分别为75.46、293.57、147.63、508.86日•度。说明温度对苹果蠹蛾生长发育有显著的影响,高温对苹果蠹蛾的生长发育具有明显的抑制作用。     

舞钢市尹集水土保持规模治理开发成效显著

舞钢市尹集水土保持规模治理开发成效显著李志华，刘英宪（河南省鲁山县水土保持科学试验站，４６７３００）冀长甫（平顶山市水利局）韦彦学（河南省水利厅）赵群富（舞钢市水利局）一、治理区概况（一）自然概况尹集连片治理区地处豫西伏牛山东部余脉与黄淮平原接壤地段...     

Temporal and spatial variability of total ozone content over Central Europe: analysis in respect to the biological effect on plants

The temporal and spatial variability of the total ozone content (TOC) is examined in respect to the biologically effective ultraviolet radiation on plants. TOC data from 1996 to 2000 over the domain of Central Europe were used. Variability is analysed using correlation and auto-correlation coefficients.The temporal auto-correlation analyses has shown that the only periodicity which could be found was a period of 1 year. The comparison between spatial correlation and the temporal auto-correlation delivers an equivalent value of zero for a distance between 400 and 500 km and at a time lag of 5 days. The influence of temporal and spatial variability of TOC on the biologically effective ultraviolet radiation was quantified by model calculations using action spectra of the DNA-damage and the generalised plant damage (GPD). These were undertaken for a certain location using TOC with various temporal delays or made at other locations with certain distances. The results show that the relative sensitiveness to spatial lags in TOC differs by a factor of three during the year with minimum in August and maximum around December. For temporal lags the sensitiveness changes by a factor of six between August and December.     

典型黑土pH值变化对微量元素有效态含量的影响研究

采用室内培养实验的方法 ,控制典型黑土样品的酸碱度值 ,探讨典型黑土中 Cu、Zn和 Mn等微量元素有效态含量与 p H值的关系。结果表明 :p H值变化 0 .5个单位左右 ,有效态铜含量变化约 0 .5～ 1倍 ;有效态锰含量变化约 3～ 5倍 ;有效态锌含量变化 9～ 1 5倍之多。说明精确掌握土壤的酸碱度值对于土壤诊断、微肥的合理施用、提高作物产量和实现土地的可持续利用都具有重要的理论与实践意义     

社区共管在云南生物多样性管理中的作用——以云南省FCCD项目实施的保护区为例

论述了云南省自然保护区通过引进国际项目开展社区共管、实现生物多样性有效管理目标取得的经验,分析社区共管中存在的问题,就今后开展社区共管提出一些看法与建议。     

Screening for New Cosmeceuticals from Brown Algae Fucus vesiculosus with Antioxidant and Photo-Protecting Properties

Phlorotannins play a role in biological functions to protect the cells against UV and oxidative damage in brown algae. We hypothesized that these compounds can function as photo-protectors and antioxidants in skin care formulations. Two types of extracts (water (FV-WE) and 67% v/v ethanol (FV-EE)) from Fucus vesiculosus were obtained with a phlorotannin content between 7−14% in dry extract. Exposure to sun light during growth was included as a factor on the phlorotannin content but did not influence the phlorotannin content. However, green colored F. vesiculosus had lower total phenolic content (TPC) (FV-WE = 6.9 g GAE 100 g⁻¹ dw, FV-EE = 7.8 g GAE 100 g⁻¹ dw) compared to those with a yellow/brownish color (FV-WE = 10.4–13.7 g GAE 100 g⁻¹ dw, FV-EE = 11.2–14.0 g GAE 100 g⁻¹ dw). UVA and UVB photo protective capabilities of the extracts through different biological effective protection factors (BEPFs) were evaluated using in vitro methods; the Mansur method for sun protection factor (SPF) and calculation of effective solar absorption radiation (%ESAR) to determine SPF and UVA protection factor (UVA-PF) of the extract and in seaweed enriched lotion. The SPF was negligible, when evaluating FV-WE in lotion (10 and 20% w/w). Moreover, %ESAR of the FV-WE showed SPF and some UVA-PF, but not enough to give sufficient SPF in lotions (10% w/w). It was concluded that the concentration of UV protecting compounds in the extracts was too low to and that further fractionation and purification of phlorotannins is needed to increase the SPF.     

罗宾根螨发育起点温度和有效积温的研究

在恒温条件下,对罗宾根螨(Rhizoglyphus robini Clapareda)卵、幼螨、若螨历期以及成螨产卵前期、世代发育历期进行测定,用直线回归法对罗宾根螨各螨态和1个世代的发育起点温度和有效积温进行计算,并根据有效积温法则对该螨在云南各地的年发生代数进行预测.结果表明:该螨全世代的发育起点温度为10.01℃,有效积温为171.72℃·d;该螨年发生代数在昆明为11代、陆良为12代、富民为14代.     

不同新型作用机制杀菌剂对梨树主要病菌毒力及防治流程应用

 为明确多种新型作用机制杀菌剂与引起梨树褐斑病、黑星病、白粉病等病原菌的有效对靶关系及制定梨树主要病害防治流程,采用菌丝生长速率法、离体叶片法与田间药效方法研究新型杀菌剂对靶标病原菌的毒力、对靶标病害的防效及其田间有效应用,建立替代梨树主要病害传统化学杀菌剂的防治流程技术。结果显示,双胍三辛烷基苯磺酸盐在离体叶片法下对褐斑病的防效大于85%,田间药效验证3次用药后7 d防效大于85%、30 d防效大于80%、90 d防效仍大于60%,兼治轮纹病菌其毒力EC₅₀值均小于1 μg·mL^-1。双胍三辛烷基苯磺酸盐、辛菌胺醋酸盐、吩嗪α-2羧酸在离体叶片法下对黑星病防效大于90%且毒力EC₅₀值小于1 μg·mL^-1;田间药效验证1次用药后7 d防效大于80%、30 d防效仍大于75%。噻肟菌酯、硝苯菌酯、丙硫菌唑在离体叶片法下对白粉病的防效大于85%;田间药效验证3次用药后7 d铲除效果大于70%、30 d仍大于60%。丙硫菌唑对黑斑、轮纹病菌毒力EC₅₀值均小于1 μg·mL^-1;吩嗪α-2羧酸同时对褐斑、黑斑、轮纹病菌毒力EC₅₀值小于1 μg·mL^-1。针对梨树主要病害发生期,选用新型杀菌剂替代传统杀菌剂制定防治技术流程,其综合防效达到88.94%。不同新型作用机制杀菌剂在防治梨树主要病害上的应用,能够降低抗药性产生,同时达到有效防治的目的。     

水稻化学氮肥减量施用的有效途径

通过2年水稻化学氮肥减量施用田间试验及1年较大面积的推广示范研究,结果表明:崇明常年高氮水平下的水稻栽培区,降低氮肥用量可以通过土壤高、中、低碱解N含量水平,以维持现有水稻单产为原则,针对性地选取减氮途径进行减量,2年结果可比习惯施肥减氮15%～20%。     

博白县土壤有效微量元素状况及影响因素分析

旨为科学施用微肥提供参考,对博白县耕地土壤微量元素铁、锰、铜、锌、硼的有效含量进行调查分析。结果显示,绝大部分耕地土壤有效铁（98.97%）和有效铜（96.07%）含量较高,基本不缺乏,而缺乏有效锰、锌、硼的耕地土壤分别占58.43%、46.21%和40.86%;微量元素的有效性与土壤酸碱度密切相关,土壤有机质、有效磷...