等效电荷变换法及其在量子环研究中的应用

利用等效电荷变换法,把三维空间中的杂质电荷对位于X-Y平面上量子环的影响,用一个在X-Y平面上（或X轴上）的虚拟等效电荷取代,从而使计算简化,对结果的分析更加清晰,物理图像更加明确.     

短周期间歇光照对肉用仔鸡生产性能的影响

在７日龄时，肉服仔鸡由接近全日制光照改变为１ｈ光照，３ｈ黑暗的短周期简歇光照。结果表明，短周期间歇光照的肉仔鸡饲料报酬和饲料利用率提高，氮平衡试验表明，增加肉用仔鸡的光周期，粪氮分泌量减少，饲料氮在鸡体内的沉积增加，而饲料氮的摄入量并未增加，因而使得饲料氮的利用率和到提高。     

Clinical Therapeutic Effect of Praziquantel Injection on Buffalo Schistosomiasis

To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of 30% praziquantel injection on buffalo schistosomiasis, the sick buffalos naturally infected with Schistosoma japonicum were selected by miracidium hatching method. In experimental clinical trials, sick buffalos were randomly divided into five groups, high-dose (20 mg/kg), middle-dose (10 mg/kg) and low-dose (5 mg/kg) praziquantel injection groups, praziquantel tablet group (30 mg/kg) and positive control group. After the treatment of 30 d, the negative conversion rate of miracidium were 100.0%, 100.0%, 77.8% and 85.7%, respectively, in praziquantel injection groups with the high, middle and low dose and oral medication group. In expanded clinical trials, the sick buffalos were randomly divided into two groups, praziquantel injection group (10 mg/kg, i.m.) and praziquantel tablet group (30 mg/kg). The results showed that, the negative conversion rate of miracidium were all 100% in the former 52 patients and the latter 6 patients after 30 d. The research confirmed that praziquantel injection was significantly effective in the treatment of buffalo schistosomiasis and convenient for administration. It was concluded that 30% praziquantel injection could replace the traditional oral praziquantel tablet for the treatment of buffalo schistosomiasis, and the recommended dose was 10 mg/kg.     

生态文明建设下退耕还湿必要性与成效分析——基于博弈和模糊评价视角

退耕还湿既是生态文明建设的要求,又是人们对美好环境向往的时代需求。以退耕还湿的必要性和成效为研究基点,通过主体利益博弈和模糊综合评判来阐明该工程的推行选择和效益发展。政府和农户利益博弈的结果是双方反复博弈后最终会以群体高比例达成最优均衡战略[服从,补偿],从主体层面表明退耕还湿具有必要性;运用AHP-Fuzzy模型对20个具有代表性的湿地因子从经济、社会、生态3方面效益对三江平原湿地进行综合评价,得出各效益最大隶属度分别是3、4、3,综合效益最大隶属度为3,处于潜力发展期,表明退耕还湿的实施有成效,具有较好的发展前景。最后,针对两种方法和结果,给出了相应结论及相关建议。     

红豆草草地生产能力的评价

用测产、化学分析，动物消化代谢试验等方法，对不同生育时期红豆草草地的生产能力及光能利用率做了全面评价，结果表明，盛花期红豆草生产能力最高，干物质产量达10336．2kg/hm^2，绵羊对其干物质的消化率为63．33％，产可消化干物质5263．6kg；产粗蛋白1491．5kg，消化率67．24％，产可消化粗蛋白900．2kg；氮的代谢沉积率18．22％，盛花期红豆草能值为18196．5KJ／kg，可积累能量188．08GJ/hm^2，占红豆草生长期内太阳有效辐射的2．56％，占农作物生长季内太阳有效辐射的0．84％，占全年太阳有效辐射的0．62％，能量消化率为61．27％。积累的可消化能94．06GJ/hm^2，占红豆草生长期，农作物生长季和全年太阳有效辐射比率依次为1．28％，0．42％，和0．31％。     

鲁梅克斯K-1杂交酸模和干玉米秸混合青贮料喂牛试验

８头４～５岁的役用秦川母牛按配对原则分为对照组和试验组。两组牛的精料配方基本相同，但试验组牛饲粮用７．７５％的鲁梅克斯Ｋ－１杂交酸模粉（以下简称鲁梅克斯Ｋ－１）代替对照组中同等重量的小麦麸；对照组牛的粗料全部用干玉米秸，试验组半用６０％干玉米秸和４０％的玉米秸＋鲁梅克斯叶混合青贮料。正试期２０ｄ。结果表明：试验组牛的平均日增重为 ０．７８７ｋｇ，对照组０．６９０ｋｇ，试验组较对照组牛日增重提高了 １４．０６％；每增重 １ｋｇ活重试验组牛消耗精、粗料分别为２．５４ｋｇ、５．２５ｋｇ，对照组半分别为２．９０ｋｇ、５．５０ｋｇ，试验组较对照组个节约精料０．３６ｋｇ、粗料０．２５ｋｇ；试验组每头牛毛盈利为７３．３４元，对照组５９．４０元，前者比后者提高经济效益２３．４７％。说明在役用母牛饲粮中，用鲁梅克斯粉代替精料中的小麦麸并用玉米秸＋鲁梅克斯混合青贮料能获得良好的生产性能和经济效益。     

Effect of phenolic nonprotein amino acid L-dopa (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) on growth performance, metabolic rates and feed nutrient utilization of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Two experiments (I and II) were conducted to evaluate the effect of nonprotein phenolic amino acid, L ‐dopa (L ‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine) on growth, metabolism and feed assimilation of common carp. Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets (diets 1–6 containing 0, 2.5, 7.0, 14, 28 and 56 g kg^–1L ‐dopa, respectively) were prepared by replacing wheat meal in the feed with L ‐dopa. For experiment I (8‐week duration), each treatment had two replicates with five fish each per replicate (mean initial body mass of 13.4 ± 1.0 g), whereas five groups of carp, each consisting of three fish, individually kept in respiration chambers, giving three replicates per treatment with a mean body mass of 25.0 ± 1.8 g were used for experiment II (4‐week duration). Fish were fed six times their maintenance ration daily (3.2 g feed kg^–0.8 day^–1). No fish died during either experiment. In experiment I, the growth rate, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and apparent net protein utilization (ANPU) of carp fed diets 1, 2 and 3 were similar but they were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those in dietary groups 4, 5 and 6. However, no significant differences were observed with regard to body composition (moisture, protein, lipid, ash and energy contents) between control (1) and the diets 2, 3, 4 and 5. Fish fed diet 6 had reduced lipid and energy contents (P < 0.05) when compared with other dietary groups. In experiment II, L ‐dopa significantly increased the oxygen consumption per unit body weight gain in treatments 4, 5 and 6. The average metabolic rate also tended to be higher in these groups. The energy expenditure was similar in treatment groups, but the energy retention was significantly lower and energy dissipated significantly higher in dietary groups 4, 5 and 6. The cholesterol level in blood plasma between the control and L ‐dopa containing diets was not significantly different. It may be concluded that at higher inclusion rates (>7 g kg^–1) L ‐dopa appears to be a major antinutrient and hence the protein sources of plant origin, containing high amounts of L ‐dopa (i.e. mucuna beans) should be used with caution as fish meal substitutes in carp diets.     

生长激素（PST）脂质体对育肥猪生产性能的影响

选择18头体重20kg左右的太湖二元杂交小公猪，分成A、B、C3组，每组6头。A组为对照组；B组颈部肌肉注射生长激素（PST）4ml/头；C组颈部肌肉注射PST脂质体28mg/头；结果表明PST与PST脂质体对育猪的生产性能影响较为接近，与对照组相比，均可显著提高育肥猪的日增重，饲料报酬，改善猪的胴体品质，说明PST脂质体可代替PST用于生产实践。     

Analysis of Land use and Land Cover Changes in the Coastal Area of Bangladesh using Landsat Imagery

Coastal land use across the globe has experienced remarkable rapid change over the recent decades because of extraordinary anthropogenic pressure and climate variability and change. Therefore, quantitative information about coastal land use change is imperative for effective management and planning resources for sustainable development. We analysed the quantitative land use and land cover changes during 1989–2000–2010 periods in three important agroecological zones of the most vulnerable coastal region of Bangladesh using Landsat images (Thematic Mapper/Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus). In the Ganges Tidal Floodplain, the area under shrimp cultivation greatly increased at the rate of 2·05% per annum. The majority of the shrimp area gained from conversion of single cropland. In the Meghna Estuarine Floodplain, decreased mudflat and water bodies were observed, which was predominantly converted into cropland. In Chittagong Coastal Plain, salt pan–shrimp area increased with the expense of single and/or double cropland. In all the study areas, settlement area considerably increased over time. The dynamics of land use change have been attributed to low and unstable food production in the coastal region. The approach adopted in study and the results obtained from the study would likely be useful for policy making and identifying direction for future studies on the coastal land use in Bangladesh. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

变频调速器在机械通风与谷物冷却中的应用前景

为了降低综合成本，谋求经济效益最大化，在机械通风与谷物冷却中采用变频调速器后，实现了电机的软启动，延长了电机的寿命，也减少了风道的振动与磨损，特别是在低负荷时更为显著，具有良好的节能效果和实用价值。