袋栽黑木耳菌包困菌出耳的技术误区分析

本文针对黑木耳袋料栽培工艺中的困菌出耳技术误区进行了剖析,分析了该误区现状及产生原因,并提出了相应的对策,以期为科学袋栽黑木耳提供参考。     

食用菌生物保鲜技术研究进展

食用菌兼具营养及药用价值,被公认为"现代保健食品",已成为继植物性、动物性食品之外的第三类食品--菌物性食品。食用菌含水量高、组织脆嫩,在采收和贮运过程中容易受到损伤,引起褐变、变质或腐烂等,严重影响其食用性和商品价值,因此食用菌保鲜技术受到广泛关注。本文探讨了影响食用菌采后保鲜效果的因素,对近年来国内外食用菌生物保鲜技术的研究进展进行了综述,提出了食用菌生物保鲜技术的未来发展方向。     

基于改进蚁群算法的农田平地导航三维路径规划方法

为解决农田平地机无人驾驶作业时缺乏局部规划,进而实现平地路径在线调整的问题,以平地作业土方合理运卸且路径最短为目的,提出了一种基于改进蚁群算法的农田平地导航三维路径规划方法。基于农田三维地势模型,采用改进的蚁群算法规划三维路径：以平地作业土方运载为决策方向,建立新的路径搜索节点,对比平地机作业时平地铲运载土方量和经过栅格计算所需的挖填土方量,根据土方运载任务设置信息素更新规则和启发函数,获取农田平地的最佳三维路径;基于平地机的运动学模型,设置农田平地机转向约束条件,根据约束条件对路径进行平滑优化,并建立三维路径规划的效果评价标准。仿真结果表明：相比于原始蚁群算法,该方法的路径规划效果评价指标提高33.3%以上,可以更好地指导农田平地机实现局部平地任务,而且大大缩短了路径生成时间和路径长度,使路径更为平滑,更适用于辅助农田平地的自动导航作业。     

中山市五桂山野菜植物资源调查

据调查统计,中山市五桂山共有野菜植物44科69属81种,占全国总数的11.57%。其中蕨类植物4科4属5种,种子植物40科65属76种。文章分析了中山市五桂山的野菜植物资源特点,并就其开发利用提出了建议。     

红茶烟用香料的制备、分析及应用

以滇红茶为原料通过特殊工艺制得一具有滇红茶特征茶香、略带花香和烘烤香韵的烟用香料,采用同时蒸馏萃取(SDE)装置收集其挥发性成分,并以气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)对其挥发性成分进行分离和鉴定,共检出48种化合物,其中有香叶醇、芳樟醇、苯乙醇和苯甲醇等烟草本香物质及2-甲基丁酸、己酸等低级脂肪酸,苯乙醛、苯甲醛、3-甲基丁醛等烟草重要致香物质。将该香料用于卷烟加香,能够明显丰富烟香,减小刺激性和改善卷烟余味。     

小麦山农4143抗黑胚病遗传分析及抗性遗传位点检测

黑胚病是小麦生产的重要籽粒病害,麦根腐平脐蠕孢(Bipolaris sorokiniana)是黑胚病的主要致病菌.为分析小麦抗黑胚病遗传规律并检测抗性位点,本研究以抗黑胚病小麦品系山农4143与感病品系宛原白1号的F7代重组自交系(RIL)群体为材料,于2018～2019年在3个试验点种植,采用“孢子液喷洒、套袋保湿”...     

Multilocus sequence typing analysis of Italian Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris strains suggests the evolution of local endemic populations of the pathogen and does not correlate with race distribution

Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is the causal agent of black rot in Brassicaceae. It is widespread in Italy and severe outbreaks occur under conditions that favour disease development. In this study a multilocus sequence typing approach (MLST) based on the partial sequence of seven loci was applied to a selection of strains representative of the main areas of cultivation and hosts. The aim was to investigate whether the long tradition of brassica crops in Italy has influenced the evolution of different Xcc populations. All loci were polymorphic; 14 allelic profiles were identified of which 13 were unique to Italian strains. Based on the seven loci, the most common genotype within the Italian Xcc strains (AP1) was also the most representative genotype found in worldwide Xcc strains. This genotype was included in a new clonal complex in addition to three other clonal complexes already identified in Xcc populations. The phylogenetic reconstruction using a concatenated dataset of four conserved protein-coding genes, dnaK, fuyA, gyrB and rpoD, showed that the Italian strains belonged to two genetic groups. Physiological races were also investigated for the first time in Italy. The race structure of Xcc was determined by inoculating eight differential Brassica lines belonging to five species and showed that, in Italy, race 4 is the most widespread, followed by races 1 and 6. No correlation was found between allelic profiles, host of isolation, geographical origin and races, although a prevalent race was identified within the same clonal complex.     

Evaluating diverse systems of tobacco genetic resistance to Phytophthora nicotianae in Yunnan,China

Black shank, caused by the soilborne pathogen Phytophthora nicotianae, is one of the most devastating diseases affecting tobacco production in China. The most effective strategy for reducing economic loss from this pathogen is development and use of resistant tobacco varieties. Multiple sources and systems of resistance have been developed in the Western Hemisphere; however, populations of P. nicotianae are variable around the world, including the predominance of different races. Different P. nicotianae isolates may react differently on tobacco plants with different systems of resistance, a possibility that could complicate the breeding of cultivars with resistance that is effective in different tobacco production regions worldwide. The objective of this research was to evaluate an array of tobacco germplasm possessing different systems of genetic resistance to black shank disease in tobacco-growing regions of Yunnan, China. Resistance types included simply inherited resistance mechanisms introgressed from wild Nicotiana relatives and polygenic partial resistance systems of N. tabacum origin. The loci of Wz exhibited high level resistance to black shank in the five diverse disease environments in Yunnan, China. K326 Php/−Wz/− genotype and Beinhart 1000 exhibited the greatest levels of resistance in both 2015 and 2016. Field observed results for 13 tobacco genotypes were highly correlated with those tested in growth chamber evaluation. These findings suggest that both Wz− and Beinhart 1000-mediated resistance have important commercial value in flue-cured tobacco breeding programmes in China. Cultivars developed for black shank resistance in China may also have utility in other tobacco-growing areas.     

巴马县玉米黑毛虫发生特点及综合防治技术

通过连续三年实地对巴马县的玉米黑毛虫发生为害特点和发生成因进行分析,并系统调查研究,提出综合防治措施:农业防治;物理防治;药剂防治。     

洮藏黑山羊特性研究

本文以洮藏黑山羊为研究对象,通过查阅史料及现场资源调查、试验分析,系统研究了洮藏黑山羊的数量变化、原绒产量、营养成分等特性研究。为洮藏黑山羊的利用和保护,提供了理论依据及生产指导作用。