PID控制的泵供水系统仿真试验

为了进行泵供水系统试验,通过建立泵供水系统基本结构和各环节的传递函数,组成系统动态结构图,在MATLAB Simulink下进行仿真试验以观察系统输出响应.使用稳定边界法、根轨迹超前校正法和直接设置比例-积分-微分（PID）参数3种方法进行控制器设计.通过仿真观察泵供水系统的输出特性,比较并找出合适的控制器设计方法.通过仿真观察输出响应得到稳定边界法和根轨迹超前校正法不适合调节泵供水系统.而采用直接设置PID参数的方法,利用MATLAB的仿真集成环境Simulink设置修改PID参数,选择其中一组较好的PID参数,使泵供水系统得到了满意的输出响应.仿真结果为搭建试验平台提供了理论基础依据.     

万亩农田节水灌溉综合开发区的规划与效果

通过对开发区农田生态系统的综合论证,提出研究目标、技术决策和规划原则,采用水利、农业相结合的节水技术体系,运用汇水、输水、调水、配水相结合的方式,联合调用地表、地下水资源,提高水的利用率,为中低产贫水区大面积推广综合节水灌溉提供可行的技术模式。     

气吸式玉米播种机排种监测系统研究

为了对播种机的工作状况进行实时监测,对播种过程中出现的种箱排空和导种管堵塞情况及时报警,设计了一种对播种机作业中的各项参数实时监测系统。系统以嵌入式微处理器和红外光电传感器为主要部件,通过无线通信的方式与上位机进行数据的传输,对播种作业中出现的种箱排空和导种管堵塞及时进行声光报警,并通过上位机软件对所需的参数实时显示。试验结果表明:该系统工作稳定,对故障的报警准确率较高,有效提高了播种质量。     

双季稻适用型“湘紫2号”紫云英的种植表现及高产栽培技术

[目的]针对目前南方双季稻区适用型紫云英品种缺乏的现状,湖南省土壤肥料研究所选育出了适于在双季稻区种植利用的紫云英新品种湘紫2号。[方法]通过开展多点田间品种比较试验和示范,了解湘紫2号的生长特性及其高产栽培技术。[结果]湘紫2号在湖南双季稻区种植表现出极早花、适产、养分含量高、抗性好、耐迟播、适应性广等优点。其高产栽培技术要点包括及早开沟,科学施肥,施用磷钾肥以小肥换大肥,注意防治病虫害,适时翻沤。[结论]湘紫2号的推广应用对解决原有紫云英品种与双季稻种植上季节不相匹配的问题具有重要意义,有利于恢复和发展紫云英生产、培肥地力和提高土地综合生产力。     

Application of multi-dimension parallel genetic algorithm to energy-saving optimum control of trains in following operation

In order to study the energy-saving optimum control strategy of a leading train and a tracing train in following operation under a moving block system,an energy-saving control model of trains is created. The aims of the model are energy consumption and trip time error. The control variables of this model are the operating handle level and the train’s position when the operating handle level is changed. Based on the model,the static and dynamic speed restraints are put forward. The static speed restraints are defined by the line conditions and the dynamic speed restraints of the tracing train caused by the leading train for the sake of safety. This problem is solved with the help of multi-dimension parallel genetic algorithm (GA) and external punishment function. During the solving process,the crossover probability and the mutation probability are adjusted dynamically according to the GA generation to improve the efficiency of the coarse grain search and the fine grain search. Ramps divided into three parts and the real number coding are adopted to shorten the length of chromosomes and improve the speed of convergence. Its correctness and effectiveness are validated at a simulation platform of train operation.     

现代信息技术在我国农产品质量安全监管中的应用

介绍了我国农产品质量安全信息化的内涵,论述了目前我国农产品质量安全监管体系建设尚存的问题。探讨了基于3G等新一代信息技术在我国农产品质量安全信息化体系建设中的作用,包括全国农产品质量安全监测信息系统、全国农产品质量追溯信息化系统和全国农产品质量安全突发事件管理信息化系统。并提出了对我国农产品质量安全监管信息化体系建设的建议。     

基于GIS西北地区生态风险信息系统构建

西北地区生态环境极其脆弱,迫切需要利用地理信息系统(GIS)技术构建能够对该区生态风险信息进行快速、准确的评价系统,加之GIS技术在生态风险评价研究中的应用日益广泛,G IS具有强大的空间分析功能和海量数据管理优势。基于此,提出了基于G IS西北地区生态风险信息系统构建方案,阐述了系统开发的平台、系统目标及系统总体设计,分析系统的主要功能包括信息的输入、查询、空间操作与分析、风险评价模型及信息输出。     

基于MapGIS和植被数量指标的啮齿动物群落模拟专家系统的设计与实现

选择鼠害频发的阿拉善荒漠区分布面积较大的红砂+泡泡刺生境、红砂+杂类草生境和白刺生境,以夹日法记录三种生境中啮齿动物种群相对数量,利用啮齿动物种群相对数量与荒漠区灌木和草本植物之间的依存关系建立专家模拟系统,分析三种生境的主要害鼠子午沙鼠、三趾跳鼠和小毛足鼠种群相对数量与植物群落因子间的动态关系,并以MapGIS为地理信息平台,借助VB程序语言设计工具,设计阿拉善荒漠区啮齿动物群落模拟专家系统,探索植物群落与啮齿动物群落的反馈动态变化,实现利用植物群落指标预测啮齿动物群落组分及其相对数量变化的目标,为鼠害防控提供依据。     

运用和谐思维构建社会主义和谐社会

和谐思维是辩证思维的合理延伸。由于时代主题的转换，和谐思维已成为当今时代人们思维方式的理性选择。构建社会主义和谐社会需要和谐思维。需要以求同思维坚持多元兼容，以协调思维正确处理各种利益矛盾。以系统思维寻求社会的全面协调和可持续发展。     

Soil Chemical and Biological Activities under Vegetable Intensive Colocasia-based Cropping System in Indian Sub-Himalayas

ABSTRACT

Lack of crop diversification with suitable vegetable-based cropping system is a major constraint in limiting the productivity and sustainability of north-western Indian sub-Himalayas. To find out a sustainable vegetable-based cropping system in this region, a three year colocasia-based vegetable intensive experiment was conducted at Hawalbagh, Almora, India in a sandy clay loam soil under sub-temperate climatic conditions. Seven colocasia-based vegetable cropping systems along with rice–wheat system were compared under recommended package and practices. The system productivity in terms of colocasia equivalent yield was highest under colocasia–onion–frenchbean (52.38 Mg ha^?1) system. Sustainable yield index was highest with colocasia–gardenpea–frenchbean system (0.86). After 3 years, total soil organic carbon (0–5%), available N (2–22%), P (–7% to 14%) and K (3–15%) concentrations were increased in all cropping systems except rice–wheat system, where negative balance of available P (7%) was observed over that of initial soil. Significantly higher soil microbial activity, soil carbohydrate, dehydrogenase, protease, acid and alkaline phosphatases activity were observed under colocasia–onion system. The results suggest that colocasia–onion–frenchbean system with higher productivity improves soil fertility and enhances enzymatic activities.