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161.
底栖鱼类对水田土壤微生物的扰动效应(摘要) 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
[目的]研究底栖鱼类泥鳅对水田土壤微生物(区系、生物量、生理群)的扰动效应。[方法]通过田间定位定量试验,采用平板表面涂抹法和稀释法进行分析。[结果]试验水田的土壤微生物区系组成中,细菌数量最多,其次是放线菌和真菌。养鱼水田的细菌、放线菌和真菌数量均高于对照水田,分别达到显著(P〈0.05)、极显著(P〈0.01)、极显著差异水平(P〈0.01)。养鱼水田的土壤微生物生物量C和N明显高于对照水田,均达到极显著差异水平(P〈0.01);养鱼水田的土壤微生物生物量P也高于对照水田,但并未达到显著差异水平(P〉0.05)。底栖鱼类促进了土壤固氮菌、纤维素分解菌、硝化细菌、硫化细菌和氨化细菌的生长,抑制了反硝化细菌和反硫化细菌的繁殖。[结论]底栖鱼类对水田土壤微生物区系、生物量和生理群具有重要影响,改善了土壤微生物的生存条件,提高了土壤肥力和生化活性,有助于增加土壤N、P、S等养分元素的供给能力和养分利用效率。 相似文献
162.
快速城市化进程中石家庄城市生态系统健康评价 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
城市生态系统健康评价是制定城市规划、建设、管理政策的依据。结合石家庄实际情况,选取活力、组织力、恢复力、生态系统服务功能和人群健康状况构建城市生态系统健康评价指标体系。基于均方差法确定指标权重,运用模糊数学评价方法对2005—2009年石家庄城市生态系统健康进行了评价分析。结果表明:石家庄城市生态系统健康状况由2005—2007年的亚健康水平提升到2008—2009年的较健康水平。其中有利因素为组织结构、恢复力、生态系统服务功能,不利因素为活力与人群健康。主要胁迫因子为人均生活用水量、实际利用外资、万元GDP能耗、R&D经费比重、环保投资占GDP比重、居民人均收入、高层次人才比重。最后,提出了提升城市生态系统健康水平的建议。 相似文献
163.
Simulation studies have indicated that a valuable increase in mean annual yield could be achieved in the South African anchovy, Engraulis capensis , fishery if below-average recruitment could be forecast at the start of the fishing season, 6 months before recruitment can he reliably measured. This paper reports on initial investigations into biological and environmental indicator- which could be used to make such forecasts. Valid estimates of recruitment strength in the species are available from 1985 to 1992 and the environmental and biological indicators of interest have been monitored for periods starting from between 1984 and 1988, to the present. Most of the data were obtained from monitoring on anchovy spawner biomass surveys which have been undertaken each November since 1984.
A conceptual model of the factors influencing the recruitment process was constructed and the available data were examined for empirical evidence of the importance of each event included in the model. Fluctuations in copepod biomass and production on the spawning grounds, the incidence of oocyte atresia in adult females, the incidence of southerly winds at Cape Point and the distance offshore of the 16°C isotherm at Cape Columbine were associated with fluctuations in anchovy recruitment. It is suggested that particular attention should be paid to monitoring of these variables to investigate further these associations. If persistent relationships are found, it may be possible to construct an expert system to forecast recruitment from observed values of these variables at the start of a fishing season. A preliminary set of three decision rules is presented. 相似文献
A conceptual model of the factors influencing the recruitment process was constructed and the available data were examined for empirical evidence of the importance of each event included in the model. Fluctuations in copepod biomass and production on the spawning grounds, the incidence of oocyte atresia in adult females, the incidence of southerly winds at Cape Point and the distance offshore of the 16°C isotherm at Cape Columbine were associated with fluctuations in anchovy recruitment. It is suggested that particular attention should be paid to monitoring of these variables to investigate further these associations. If persistent relationships are found, it may be possible to construct an expert system to forecast recruitment from observed values of these variables at the start of a fishing season. A preliminary set of three decision rules is presented. 相似文献
164.
Jeffrey Chow 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2015,34(6-7):651-681
Mangroves worldwide provide a wide range of ecosystem services utilized directly and indirectly by local peoples. Between 1966 and 2001, Bangladesh established approximately 148,000 ha of mangrove plantations in coastal areas within the Barisal and Chittagong Divisions. Though erosion and human encroachment and conversion have removed over two-thirds of these stands, the Forest Department has continued to undertake new plantation activities.To investigate how and to what degree people directly utilize these mangroves, I conducted 340 household surveys across eight coastal villages located in close proximity to established plantations. The predominant direct use of the mangrove plantations by local rural communities is the extraction of detritus and nonmain stem material (e.g., limbs, leaves) for combustible fuel. This study uses household foraging distances to estimate and map net value densities based on reported market prices of extracted goods. The average extractive value of mangrove plantations is Tk 2,300 ha?1 yr?1, ranging among the villages from 300 to Tk 27,400 ha?1 yr?1, with values concentrated closer to the village. Cost-benefit analyses suggest that direct use values alone have justified the establishment and management of previously planted stands. However, other indirect values must be taken into account if these areas are to merit additional plantations. 相似文献
165.
为提升香格里拉普达措国家公园的整体性和有效保护,对迪庆州范围内具有重要生态价值的区域,从国家代表性、生态系统重要性和管理可行性3个方面进行系统评估。适宜性分析结果认为,拟扩建区域山地植被垂直带谱典型完整,足以支撑地带性生物区系,区内多样的地貌构造以及珍贵、罕见的地质地貌景观和遗迹,具有十分重要的世界意义和保护价值,动植物区系较完整,能维持种群生存繁衍、生态功能稳定和生态系统健康,生态原真性十分突出。扩建后国家公园面积1030919.93 hm2,涉及香格里拉市的11个乡镇。综合评价认为,拟扩建区域资源具有国家代表性,生态系统突出,并具备管理可行性,全面符合建设国家公园的条件。提出将白马雪山、哈巴雪山、千湖山、红山、梅里雪山和碧罗雪山等6片区纳入普拉措国家公园扩建范围,并对扩建后国家公园更名、建立管理体制、运行机制等方面提出建议。 相似文献
166.
浅谈脆弱森林生态系统的形成特征及其治理措施 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
脆弱森林生态系统已成为全球关注的热点,它不仅使自然资源日益枯竭、生物多样性不断减少、水土流失和土地荒漠化加剧,而且还严重阻碍社会经济的持续发展,进而威胁人类的生存和发展。本文对脆弱森林生态系统的形成原因和特征进行了分析阐述。在此基础上,针对脆弱森林生态系统提出恢复与重建的治理措施。 相似文献
167.
168.
通过对8年生马占相恩人工林生态系统养分积累与分配的研究,结果表明:林地土壤0-50cm土层内全c积累量为69090kg·hm^-2,全N积累量为3725kg·hm^-2,全P积累量为647kg·hm^-2,交换性K积累量为648kg·hm^-2,交换性Ca积累量为987kg·hm^-2,交换性Mg积累量为63kg·hm^-2;凋落物养分积累量N为58.764kg·hm^-2·a^-1,P积累量为1.608kg·hm^-2·a^-1,K积累量为9.021kg·hm^-2·a^-1,Ca积累量为22.898kg·hm-2·a^-1,Mg积累量为4.079kg·hm^-2·a^-1;人工林林分各元素积累量N为277.04kg·hm^-2、P为7.72kg·hm^-2、K为57.21kg·hm^-2、Ca为93.22kg·hm^-2、Mg为10.24kg·hm^-2;林下植被养分积累量N、P、K、Ca、Mg分别为35.40、2.67、29.47、22.38、4.00kg·hm^-2。 相似文献
169.
170.
Liu Xiangchen Li Zeqiang 《保鲜与加工》1991,(5):109-115
In this paper the reimprovement for G. I. Taylor theory of plastic deformation in impact of cylindical projectiles is done. The impulse in the reimproved theory is G. I. Taylor' s 1/2, and 3/4 of G. I. Taylor' s improved theory. The analytical solution of the reimproved theory shows that it gives better agreement with exprimental results than those of the original Taylor' s theory and, the improved theory. 相似文献