中兽医药技术是猪只康养最佳供给体系

在我国养猪业面临产品安全和环境污染两大瓶颈的情势下,如何使所生产的猪肉食用卫生,所排粪污环境安全,纯天然、无污染、广效低毒、绿色环保的中兽医药学为破解这两大瓶颈提供了技术支撑。充分发挥我国传统的中兽医药技术的特色和优势,构建以中兽医药为主体的猪只康养技术供给体系,旨在集生产管理"适其天性"、所喂药料"无污染"、治疗药物"纯天然"、预防措施治"未病"、治疗方法"和谐调节"和四季保健"药饲同源"于一体的技术供给体系,从源头上破解这两大难题,从而实现猪只康养,环境安全,猪肉安康,凸显出中兽医药是猪只康养的最佳供给体系。     

10个大黍品种在滇南的适应性及其评价

于2006年对10个大黍(Panicum maximum)品种的生产性能和品质特性进行区域试验研究,旨在筛选出适宜于热带、亚热带地区种植的高产、优质牧草,以期为热区畜牧业的持续发展提供依据。结果表明,1）所引种牧草的存活率、越冬率都在94%以上,说明所引种牧草的适应性强;2）除TD 58坚尼草、坦桑尼亚大黍和热研8号坚尼草感染了叶锈病以外,其他牧草的抗病虫害能力均较强;3）种植第1年,坦桑尼亚大黍干物质产量最高,为45.33 t·hm-2,与MG 7 Aries大黍、MG 6 Atlas大黍、蒙巴萨大黍、热研8号坚尼草、热研9号坚尼草和TD 58坚尼草之间差异不显著;4）选择干草产量、粗蛋白、适口性和抗逆性作为综合评价供试品种优劣的指标,用灰色关联法评价牧草,结果表明,蒙巴萨大黍、坦桑尼亚大黍、热研8号坚尼草、MG 6 Atlas大黍和TD 58坚尼草居前5位,它们属高产、质优、适口性好、抗性强的高产优质牧草品种。     

高职《兽药制剂工艺》课程体系建设与教学实践初探

高职《兽药制剂工艺与质量检验》课程教学的目标是使学生掌握兽药制剂的基本理论和操作技能,初步具备兽药制剂制备和质量检验的实际工作能力。课程设计以兽药生产过程和工作任务为主线,突出技能培养,强化实践性教学,构建适宜于高职的兽药制剂工艺课程教学体系,探索和创新了一种全新的高职《兽药制剂工艺与质量检验》课程教学模式。     

磷对铝胁迫紫花苜蓿幼苗根系生长和生理特征的影响

为了探究磷对铝胁迫下紫花苜蓿幼苗生长和生理特征的影响,分别用不含和含200 μmol·L^-1磷（P）、100 μmol·L^-1铝（Al）、200 μmol·L^-1 P+100 μmol·L^-1 Al的简易 ［Ca（NO₃）₂］营养液（pH=4.5）处理铝敏感紫花苜蓿品种‘Wl440’幼苗。结果表明,在铝处理中添加磷后,苜蓿幼苗根系和叶片中的铝含量分别比铝处理降低81.53%和61.47%,苜蓿幼苗的根长和根系活力显著提高,叶片电导率和丙二醛（MDA）含量显著下降;光合生理得到明显改善,与铝处理相比,磷添加处理幼苗叶片的叶绿素含量、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和光合速率明显提高,光系统Ⅱ和光系统I的电子传递速率增加;磷添加处理明显提高了铝胁迫苜蓿根系的草酸和苹果酸含量,体内有机酸螯合铝离子的能力增强,光合能力提高。因此,磷能够通过增加根系有机酸含量,改善铝胁迫苜蓿光合系统,从而缓解苜蓿铝毒害。     

饲养系统和日粮对羔羊屠宰性能和肌肉矿物质含量的影响

文章旨在探讨不同饲养系统和日粮对羔羊生长、屠宰性能及肌肉矿物质含量的影响。试验将平均体重为（13.97±0.55）kg的120只羔羊随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复10只。T1组在室内饲喂基础浓缩料,每天补充100 g稻草,T2组在室内饲喂基础浓缩料,每天补充100 g稻草和锌硒复合矿物质（0.2 mg/d硒,50 mg/d锌）,T3组在室外放牧,除了采食苜蓿草外,每天额外补充100 g稻草和100 g燕麦。试验时间为9周。结果：T1和T2组羔羊的末重、日增重、半胴体重、下肢深度、下肢重量、眼肌面积、颈、胸肌、肾重量均显著高于T3组（P＜0.05）,但骨盆骨重量显著低于T3组（P＜0.05）。各处理组羔羊的可食用部分和骨盆肌肉重量无显著差异（P＞0.05）。T2组63 d羔羊血液硒含量较T1和T3组分别显著提高了19.83%和25.0%（P＜0.05）,血液锌含量较T1和T3组分别显著提高了31.71%和45.91%（P＜0.05）。T3组羔羊肌肉钙含量较T1和T2组分别显著提高了8.79%和5.37%（P＜0.05）。T2羔羊肌肉硒和锌含量较T1和T3组分别显著提高了41.18%、65.52%和38.19%、46.15%（P＜0.05）,T2和T3组羔羊肌肉钾含量较T1组分别显著提高了3.27%和4.28%（P＜0.05）。结论：在本试验条件下,放牧羔羊胴体的脂肪含量低于室内饲养的羔羊,室外放牧可以提高肌肉钙和钾含量,但肌肉硒含量降低。[关键词]饲养系统|羔羊|屠宰性能|矿物质     

Exploring the Role of Management in the Coproduction of Ecosystem Services from Spanish Wooded Rangelands

The wood pastures or hardwood rangelands of the southwestern Iberian Peninsula are complex social-ecological systems created from the long-term interaction of society and the landscape. Dehesa, oak woodlands managed for grazing, cropping, and other forms of production, is the most common rangeland system and one of the most distinctive landscapes. Traditionally characterized by multifunctional low-intensity management that enhances a wide range of ecosystem services, current management has shifted from the traditional toward more intensified models. This paper assesses the coproduction of ecosystem services on dehesa properties by exploring the relationship between biophysical and sociocultural factors and dehesa management practices. Based on 42 surveys we analyze 16 quantitative indicators using multivariate techniques. The results indicate that there are four main dehesa types as defined by their characteristics and management: large heterogeneous operations with diverse products; small and homogeneous operations focused on a reduced number of products; medium-large properties focused on crop production; and midsized properties with easy public access. Management is the result of the dynamics of interacting biophysical and sociocultural factors that influence manager priorities and investments. Management decisions group around the degree of multifunctionality of the operation, the relative importance of crop production, the degree of grazing pressure in the system, and how restrictive public access policy is. We find that in the study area, interactions between all the previously mentioned elements covary consistently, generating bundles of ecosystem services associated with each of three management models based on the intensity of management.     

德系西门塔尔牛育种体系

德系西门塔尔牛又名弗莱维赫,是欧洲著名的乳肉兼用品种。作者重点介绍了弗莱维赫牛遗传评定方法和育种组织体系。在德系西门塔尔牛育种体系中,政府只在宏观上监督育种组织和遗传评定工作。育种协会和人工授精协会遵循市场价格杠杆,通过拍卖等形式充分调动农户的育种积极性,使农户、育种协会和人工授精协会都能在育种过程中获得经济效益,从而保证育种计划的顺利实施。     

The Influence of the Housing System on Salmonella Infections in Laying Hens: A Review

From 2012 onwards, housing of laying hens in conventional battery cages will be forbidden in the European Union and only enriched cages and non‐cage housing systems such as aviaries, floor‐raised, free‐range and organic systems will be allowed. Although this ban aims at improving the welfare of laying hens, it has also initiated the question whether there are any adverse consequences of this decision, especially with respect to the spread and/or persistence of zoonotic agents in a flock. A zoonotic agent that is traditionally associated with the consumption of eggs and egg products is Salmonella enteritidis. This paper provides a summary of the current knowledge regarding the direct and indirect effects of different housing systems on the occurrence and epidemiology of Salmonella in laying hen flocks.     

“三线一圆”理念对高等教育工作的启示

借鉴“三线一圆”企业管理理论,把高校看作一个“生产”人才的特殊“企业”,将该理论中用于描绘企业生存和发展美好蓝图的业务线、制度线、声誉线和文化圆这四个抽象的管理元素用于构建高校教育管理的新模式。指出在高等教育工作中,通过强化高等教育事业的业务质量线、制度管理线、品牌声誉线,夯实校园文化内涵圆,从而构建全面造就人,综合发展人,科学培养人这一高等教育管理的系统工程。