90年来中共历代中央领导集体政治交接简评

中国共产党成立90年来一共形成了四代成熟而稳定的中央领导集体。其中,第一、二代领导集体围绕最高领导权力的交接不甚成功,但从总体上讲,四代领导集体之间基本实现了正常的交接,并不断走向制度化。这是党自身能够健康发展,党领导的革命和建设事业兴旺发达的根本保证。     

Dietary plasticity in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) in response to long‐term environmental change

Corrigan LJ, Winfield IJ, Hoelzel AR, Lucas MC. Dietary plasticity in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) in response to long‐term environmental change.
Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2011: 20: 5–13. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Abstract –  In the face of widespread environmental change impacts, there is a need to better understand mechanisms promoting flexibility and resilience of ecosystem components to such change to inform strategies for conservation. Glacial relict species are especially vulnerable to such changes. We investigated the behavioural responses of a native, glacial relict species, Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) to long‐term environmental changes. It was hypothesised that changes in feeding behaviour would occur as a key intermediary to reduction in habitat availability (through climate change and eutrophication) or competitive interactions [with introduced roach (Rutilus rutilus)]. Stomach content analysis was used to assess the diet of 199 charr caught from Windermere, United Kingdom, in the months of March, June, September and November 2003–2007. The results were compared to data from 1940 to 1951 prior to the environmental changes and revealed a marked increase in the contribution of benthic invertebrates in the present diet. Stable isotope analysis confirms the results of the stomach analysis, suggesting that the charr have switched their diet from zooplanktivory towards benthivory. We discuss the possibility that habitat modification and roach population expansion in Windermere have contributed to changes in charr diet. Complementary studies suggest that this diet shift is more likely to be a response to the increasing roach population than to habitat modification; however, further study in Windermere would be required to elucidate the exact mechanism. Long‐term data sets such as these provide information that is useful for determining the directivity of ecological change and the capability of species to respond to change.     

Obstacles to migration constrain nest distribution of Atlantic salmon

Abstract – Programmes of habitat restoration usually assume that the targeted populations will readily colonise the newly provided habitat. However, this assumption may not always hold, and the success of restoration may be impaired if the individuals are driven to aggregate in areas of the habitat already available instead of spreading to new ones. We investigated how weirs situated along a river could drive Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to aggregate their redds and tested whether aggregation intensified at low fish density. For this, we applied spatial point pattern analysis to a data set consisting on the distribution of salmon redds in a small river over 15 years (1992–2006). Within the habitat suitable for spawning, redds were significantly aggregated, especially in the first 15 morphodynamic units below weirs. Our results suggest that the constraint imposed by obstacles on redd distribution should be considered when conducting habitat restoration.     

除草剂阿特拉津的生态风险分析与污染治理

阿特拉津在世界范围内已经使用了近40年,其对环境与人体健康的威胁逐渐成为人们关注的焦点。文章综述了近十年来国内外关于阿特拉津对环境的风险评价,着重论述阿特拉津对生物的危害性,并提出缓解与修复阿特拉津污染的一些治理措施。     

能够研发运动饮料的药食同源蔬菜的调查研究

综述了百合、枸杞、牛蒡、山药、玉竹、芦笋等典型药食同源蔬菜的传统医疗价值、现代科学认识及其医疗保健价值,为能够研发以药食同源蔬菜为基础原料的运动饮料提供理论依据。     

内蒙古岩画中的动物群落结构及其生态环境的研究——以阴山和乌兰察布两地岩画对比研究为例

动物岩画是内蒙古地区古代动物的图解,通过岩画中的动物群落结构对比,可以推测相同地域范围内,不同时期的动物分布情况,进而推断当地的自然环境变迁的过程。     

信息时代的家具设计方案评价方法

分析了家具方案设计的创新性、不确定性、层次性、多样性、经验性和反复性等基本特征,并阐述了家具方案设计的过程与内容,界定了家具方案设计评价的概念,模糊评价法、提出层次分析法、价值工程法、灰色系统评价法、感性评价法和人工神经网络评价法等家具设计方案评价方法。     

试论农业高职学院为“三农”服务的文化策略

根据文化人类学对文化的三分传统,农业高职学院作为一个相对独立的文化体系,其社会服务职能具有层次性和渐进性。从＂物质＂、＂制度＂和＂精神＂三维度对农业高职学院服务职能进行探讨,可以总结出农业高职学院为＂三农＂服务的三大文化策略,即＂适应-融入＂策略、＂整合-提升＂策略和＂创新-引领＂策略。     

Estimated Breeding Value in Iranian Buffaloes

This study was conducted from 1992-2002 on 65,534 individual milk records and fat percentage in 473 herds, in six provinces of Khuzestan, Mazndaran, W. Azerbaijan, E. Azerbaijan, Ardabil and Gilan. The data was analyzed by SAS sotfware using GLM procedure. The heritability and breeding value of 1,195 animals were calculated by DFRML procedure. The average milk yield per lactation, days of lactation, fat percentage and LSM of fat percentage were 1,513 kg, 202 days, 5.04 and 6.77, respectively. The estimated heritability of milk was 0.16. The LSM of average milk production in the provinces of Gilan, Mazandaran, E. Azerbaijan, W. Azerbaijan, Khuzestan and Ardabil were： 1,452, 1,586, 1,382, 1,183, 2,135 and 1,189 kg, respectively. These results indicated that Khuzestan province has the highest potential in the field of milk production. The top five highest breeding value bulls have been introduced to artificial insemination＇s station in the city of Uremia.     

天然生胶杂质含量测量结果不确定度评定

根据GB/T 8086—2008规定的测定方法,分析了测定过程中的随机效应与系统效应,计算这两种效应对测定过程导致的不确定度和,最终对本方法所产生的不确定度给予综合评定。