EMS对播娘蒿生物学效应的研究

在２５℃、４℃不同温度条件下,用不同浓度的ＥＭＳ诱发播娘蒿突变。结果表明,播娘蒿的发芽势、发芽率、出苗率和幼苗高度均随ＥＭＳ浓度的提高而降低;且ＥＭＳ在４℃时较２５℃时对种子影响较小。ＥＭＳ诱变播娘蒿的适宜浓度在１０％和２０％之间。     

矿区土地复垦景观格局变化和生态效应

为了揭示矿区土地复垦对项目区景观格局的影响及生态效应,应用GIS和景观生态学方法,以徐州市九里矿区土地复垦项目为例,分析了该区土地利用结构和景观格局变化。结合景观格局优化目标建立了相应的评价指标体系并利用层次分析法对各评价因子赋以权重,对矿区复垦的生态效应进行评价。结果表明,矿区土地复垦项目的实施对区域生态环境起到一定的改善作用,但部分评价因子呈现出正效应或负效应,如:平均斑块面积增加、生态服务价值增加、生态廊道的密度和面积增大使生物多样性提高等为正效应,但由于生态廊道的建设,宽度的增加和密度的增加,对景观斑块进行切割,降低了最大斑块面积,使斑块破碎度提高而对矿区生态系统造成负面影响。因此在土地复垦过程中应采取生物、工程、技术措施来进行生态补偿。     

基于全产业链视角的食用菌产业经济效益分析

依照食用菌产业链关系,有效反映以价值转让和食用菌产品生产为主线的企业联系,并体现企业彼此间在市场供需关系基础上建立的内在关联。发展食用菌产业具备成本低、周期短、市场潜力大以及产生经济效益高等积极效应,利用食用菌产品投入产出比值方法,计算投入产出数值,衡量经济效益水平高低,有效评价食用菌产业经济效益。依据食用菌产业发展趋势,提出增加科研及技术投入,推动产业链发展、以及加强食用菌产业规划两点策略,以促进食用菌产业经济效益提升。     

地下水位对河套灌区生态环境的影响

随着我国大型灌区节水改造工程的实施,河套灌区年引水量将由年均引水量的50多亿m3逐渐减少到2010年的40亿m3。由于引黄水量的减少,地下水位开始下降,土壤表层盐份相随减少,灌区生态环境得到改善。但地下水位继续下降将会对灌区生态环境产生什么样的效应?本文通过实地调查和参考本地区过去及其它地区的实验资料,对灌区年灌溉引水量及地下水位变化做了分析,并对其产生的生态环境效应进行了讨论。建议灌区年引水量保持现有水平;在小区域抓紧试验观察地下水位进一步降低带来的影响;利用灌溉间息水补充生态水,避免地下水位进一步降低,以保持或进一步改善生态环境。     

生物生态灭螺技术研究与应用进展

钉螺是流行中国的日本血吸虫生活史中唯一的中间宿主,灭螺能有效减少血吸虫病的传播。目前,关于灭螺技术的研究取得积极进展,高效、安全、环保的生物生态防治方法是今后的主要方向。笔者综述了钉螺生物生态防治技术的研究与应用进展,指出了存在的问题和不足。同时,进一步对生物生态灭螺技术进行了展望和提出了建议。     

浅析长白山区生态环境存在的问题及保护对策

通过对长白山区生态环境现状的描述及对长白山区生态环境主要问题成因的分析,提出了长白山区生态环境的保护对策,以便更好地发挥长白山区的重要作用。     

广州越秀公园山坡绿化生态恢复初探

运用生态学原理进行山坡的绿化恢复建设,从而达到保护自然过程的连续性,促进自然演进的可持续性。     

农村水环境治理与生态修复研究——以姜堰市马沟河为例

从马沟河河流概况、水环境恶化成因、水环境整治的条件和措施等方面进行了研究。通过采用厌氧＋好氧＋组合生态技术治理河流污染,有效地解决了农村生活污水与工业尾水处理的问题。实现了河流生态系统修复与河道整体景观的和谐统一,促进了生态环境的改善,推进了农村生态文明建设。     

The effect of lupins as compared with peas and oats on the yield of the subsequent winter barley crop

New high yielding early maturing cultivars of lupins have been introduced in north-west Europe as grain protein crops in crop rotations. This paper reports on a comparative study of lupins with peas and oats, and of their effect on yield of subsequent winter barley crops. These crops were given five levels of N under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions on sand and loam. Under rain fed conditions the grain yield of pea, oat and lupin varied between 24–36, 34–53 and 18–37 hkg DM ha⁻¹, respectively. Supplemental irrigation raised grain yield of oat to 50–60 hkg DM ha⁻¹, while grain yield in pea was not affected and grain yield in lupin in most cases decreased due to gray mould attack and excessive vegetative growth in the indeterminate lupin variety. Under rain fed conditions, the grain nitrogen content of pea, oat and lupin varied between 137–172, 61–80 and 189–226 kg N ha⁻¹, respectively, and was significantly higher in lupin as compared with pea. On sandy soil, similar low-root densities were found for pea, oat and lupin below 30 cm depth. On sand, at final harvest the residual soil-N of lupin and pea, as measured in a subsequent winter barley crop not supplied with N fertilizer, was 15 and 8–10 kg N ha⁻¹ higher than in winter barley following oat, respectively. The nature of the probably more N-root residues of lupin is discussed. On loam, the residual N of lupin and pea was similar, 18–27 kg N ha⁻¹. On sand, under rain fed conditions preceding lupin and pea as compared with oat, increased the barley grain yield at zero N-application 77 and 49%, respectively; the effect of lupin was significantly higher than that of pea until the highest N-level 120 kg N-application ha⁻¹. On loam under rain fed conditions preceding lupin and pea increased the barley grain yield at zero N-application by 36 and 62%, respectively, as compared with oat; at N-application>60 kg N ha⁻¹ the grain yield was similar after all three crops. For both soil types the same level of effect was found under irrigated conditions. Conclusions: Supplemental irrigation might result in lower grain yield in lupin due to gray mould attack and excessive growth if indeterminate lupin varieties are used. Grain nitrogen yield of lupin is significantly higher than that of pea. On sand, the effect of lupin on the subsequent winter barley grain yield is significantly higher than that of pea, probably due to greater N-root nitrogen residues. On loam, lupin and pea have similar effects on the subsequent winter barley crop.     

探析生态农业技术推广和创新

生态农业技术的推广呈现出更多的优越性,但是生态农业技术的推广却差强人意.这就需要联合各方面投入各方资源不断研究和改革,做到生态农业技术的创新.