新安S育性敏感期内育性波动与温光条件的相关性分析

[目的]为提高新安S的制种产量和质量提供依据。[方法]在2009年盛夏异常气候条件下,对光温敏型核不育系新安S进行4个不同种植点（四川眉山、江苏盐城、安徽合肥及巢湖）的田间调查,确定其育性波动的敏感期及导致育性波动的因子。[结果]4个种植点新安S的育性均产生了不同程度的明显波动,其育性波动的敏感期为抽穗前的11~21 d,即幼穗分化第4~6期。导致新安S育性波动的因素除连续3 d日均温低于23.5℃外,1~2 d低温的多次积累、日极端低温和日照时数不足等也不可忽视。[结论]该研究确定了新安S的适宜播种期及安全抽穗期。     

Productivity of intensified crop—fallow rotations in the Trenbath model

Management of crop—fallow rotations should strike a balance between exploitation, during cropping, and restoration of soil fertility during the fallow period. The Trenbath model describes build-up of soil fertility during a fallow period by two parameters (a maximum level and a half-recovery time) and decline during cropping as a simple proportion. The model can be used to predict potential crop production for a large number of management options consisting of length of cropping period and duration of fallow. In solving the equations, the model can be restricted to sustainable systems, where fallow length is sufficient to restore soil fertility to its value at the start of the previous cropping period. The model outcome suggests that the highest yields per unit of land can be obtained by starting a new cropping period after soil fertility has recovered to 50–60% of its maximum value. This prediction is virtually independent of the growth rate of the fallow vegetation. The nature of the fallow vegetation (natural regrowth, planted trees, or cover crops) mainly influences the crop yield by modifying the required duration of fallow periods. Intensification of land use by shortening fallow periods will initially increase returns per unit land at the likely costs of returns per unit labor. When fallows no longer restore soil fertility to 50% of the maximum, overall productivity will decline both per unit land and per unit labor, unless external inputs replace the soil fertility restoring functions of a fallow.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

火焰石墨炉原子吸收分光光度计的期间核查及问题探讨

指出了检测仪器设备在检定/校准期间内必须进行期间核查,以确保检测仪器设备处于良好的正常状态,从而保证检测数据的准确可靠.依据JJG 694-2009《原子吸收分光光度计检定规程》,对单位实验室在用的火焰石墨炉一体化原子吸收分光光度计进行了期间核查.核查内容包括测量线性R,检出限,测量重复性,线性误差和准确性,各项核查结...     

可编程控制器PLC在跳汰机风阀控制中的应用

介绍由可编程控制器PLC控制的跳汰机风阀控制系统,详细叙述了风阀自动控制的思想,以及各种跳汰参数的调整方法。     

Inheritance of long juvenile period under short day conditions for the BR80-6778 soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) line

The long juvenile period characteristic (LJP), which delays flowering under short day conditions, has been identified in soybean cultivars (Glycine max L. Merrill). This characteristic may be especially important as it increases the range of adaptation of soybean in low latitudes and gives greater flexibility for sowing periods within the same latitude. The inheritance of the long juvenile period was studied in the BR80-6778 soybean line to provide knowledge to support the development of cultivars adapted to short day conditions. Cultivars with classic flowering, Paraná, Bossier, Bragg and Davis, which flower early under short day conditions, were also used as parents in single crosses. They were crossed among themselves and with the genotypes with LJP, BR80-6778 and MG/BR 22 (Garimpo). The study was carried out under short day conditions (early sowings) in greenhouses and in the field at Embrapa National Soybean Research Center, Londrina, PR. Flowering was assessed daily. The results indicated that the BR89-6778 line shares a pair of alleles with the Paraná cultivar, and when associated with the cc allele retards flowering under short day conditions. The following genotype constitutions were attributed to the cultivars: Paraná (aaBBCC), Bossier (AabbCC), and BR80-6778 (aaBBcc). The combination of the genes aabb and aabbcc has a pronounced effect on the manifestation of the trait. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Field validation of a decision support system for the control of pests and diseases in cereals in denmark

The decision in 1986, on an action plan to reduce pesticide use in Denmark by 50% led to increased research on the potential of reducing dosages. A decision support system (PC-Plant Protection), developed by The Danish Institute for Plant and Soil Science, implements this research. It combines a detailed use of threshold values to support decisions on treatment need, choice of pesticides and the appropriate dosage for actual problems in cereals. The pest and disease module within the system has been available commercially since 1993 and up to the end of April 1995, 2000 licences have been issued for its use at agricultural schools and by advisers and farmers. The recommendation model for pest and disease control has been validated in field trials since 1990. The validation has shown that the model is able to provide recommendations for the control of pests and diseases to a satisfactory level, without affecting farmers' gross margins. The model was able to adjust pesticide use to large yearly variations and the average amount of pesticides in the plots treated according to the model was well below that in the reference plots and in the commonly used strategies in Denmark.     

Postponed germination of Puccinia recondita urediospores deposited on wheat seedlings. II. Infectivity of urediospores after postponed germination

Urediospores ofPuccinia recondita f.sp.tritici were applied to wheat seedlings. Inoculated plants were placed in a growth chamber to expose the spores to dry periods from zero to nine days at near-optimal temperatures (ca 18 °C). The dry period was followed by a wet period varying from 2 to 24 hours for germination of spores and infection of plants. Infection results were subjected to analysis of variance. The main effects dry period, wet period, and temperature were highly significant. The dry period×wet period interaction was significant. The interaction implied that the effects of post-detachment, ripening of germinable spores appeared in their resulting infectivity. There were two forms of post-detachment ripening, a slow ripening during the dry period and a faster ripening during the wet period. The two forms of ripening showed a non-additive compensatory interaction. The effect of post-detachment ripening on infectivity of germinated spores was more pronounced at 15 than, at 18 or 20 °C; the effect was strongest during the first day of the dry period. At dry periods of over 6 days, infectivity of germinated spores decreased, especially at the higher temperatures. Prolonged exposure, of spores to a dry period apparently damages the spores even though they are still able to germinate.Samenvatting Uredosporen van de bruine roest van tarwe (Puccinia recondita f.sp.tritici) werden over het eerste blad van tarwekiemplanten verstoven. De aldus geïnoculeerde planten werden in een klimaatkamer geplaatst bij ca. 18 °C om de sporen bloot te stellen aan droge perioden van 0 tot 9 dagen. De droge perioden werden gevolgd door natte perioden van 2 tot 24 uur om de sporen te laten kiemen en de planten te infecteren. Na de natte periode werden de planten bij verschillende temperature geplaatst om de latente periode en de vorming van sporenhoopjes te bepalen. De hoofdeffecten op de vorming van sporenhoopjes waren zeer significant: duur van de droge periode, duur van de natte periode en temperatuur. Twee vormen van sporenrijping werden gevonden bij rijping vnn sporen, die los op het blad lagen (rijping, buiten de sporenhoopjes), een langzame rijping tijdens de droge periode en een snelle rijping tijdens de natte periode. Deze twee vormen van rijping vertoonden statistische interactie met enige wederzijdse compensatie. Het effect van deze sporenrijping (buiten de sporenhoopjes) op de infectiviteit van gekiemde sporen was bij 15 °C duidelijker dan bij 18 en 20 °C; het effect was het sterkst tijdens de eerste dag van de droge periode. Bij droge periodes langer dan 6 dagen daalde de infectiviteit, vooral bij de hogere temperaturen.     

旱农区不同种植模式作物最佳补灌时期和适宜补灌量研究

The effect of supplementary irrigation with catchment rainfall on crop yield increment and its water use efficiency was studied on upland field with different cropping patterns to make full use of the natural rainfall. The results showed that the crop yield and water use efficiency was increased significantly after 45 mm～90 mm supplementary irrigation, as compared with no irrigation. The optimum total amounts of supplementary irrigation for all three cropping patterns were 90 mm. The optimum amounts and periods of irrigation for mono-cultured wheat were 8mm before sowing and 82　mm at its boot stage, those for film-covered mono-cultured were 90mm at its big horn stage, and those for multipled cropping wheat and film-covered corn were 4mm before wheat sowing and 19　mm both at jointing and boot stages, and 24　mm both at jointing and big horn stages of corn. The results were suitable for northern upland fields.