不同施肥处理对地菍早期冠层扩展速度的影响

采取正交施肥试验设计研究不同施肥处理对地菍(Melastoma dodecandrum)植株生长早期冠层扩展速度的影响。结果表明,不同施肥量及其配比对地菍单株冠层覆盖面积的扩展速度具有显著影响,而对单株叶面积指数影响不显著;在中等肥力的熟化红土上,种子繁殖的植株在幼苗移栽返青后的3个月内N、P2O5、K2O的最佳配合施用量为5.412、3.513和2.451 g/株,80 d内冠层覆盖面积扩展了5.66~5.91倍。     

大泡核桃与圆菠萝核桃在攀枝花的引种迁移适应性

【目的】长期适应性观测与引种的长期适应性研究对经济林大田推广工作至关重要。【方法】以引种的两个核桃品种(大泡核桃和圆菠萝核桃)为研究对象,通过13年的连续观测和调查,分析两个品种在不同海拔位置的生长量指标、核桃坚果表型性状和内含物等指标,研究他们的长期适应性。【结果】两个核桃品种在攀枝花地区两个试验点可正常进入盛果期,但营养生长和生殖生长的物候期与原栽培地有较大不同,表现出较强的花粉集体效应和EPP错失现象。大泡核桃的坚果品质与原产地无显著差异,粗脂肪含量略低于原产地,蛋白质含量略高于原产地。单果仁重和出仁率均比本地核桃“盐源早”显著升高,且壳厚比“盐源早”更薄,但三者产量基本持平。大泡的果形更加硕大,圆菠萝次之,“盐源早”最小。【结论】在攀枝花地区,大泡核桃的综合性状表现海拔1800m段优于2200m段,可以作为低海拔区域的丰产稳产推荐品种。而圆菠萝核桃的综合性状较原产地均低,在攀枝花地区表现为品质劣化的趋向。但引种的2种核桃,多个方面均表现出比本地“盐源早”更好的农艺性状,推广潜力较大。     

Temporal associations between low body condition,lameness and milk yield in a UK dairy herd

Previous work has hypothesised that cows in low body condition become lame. We tested this in a prospective longitudinal study. Body condition score (BCS), causes of lameness and milk yield were collected from a 600-cow herd over 44-months. Mixed effect binomial models and a continuous outcome model were used to investigate the associations between lameness, BCS and milk yield. In total, 14,320 risk periods were obtained from 1137 cows. There were 1510 lameness treatments: the most common causes of lameness were sole ulcer (SU) (39%), sole haemorrhage (SH) (13%), digital dermatitis (DD) (10%) and white line disease (WLD) (8%). These varied by year and year quarter. Body condition was scored at 60-day intervals. BCS ranged from 1 to 5 with a mean of 2.5, scores were higher in very early lactation but varied widely throughout lactation; approximately 45% of scores were <2.5. The key finding was that BCS < 2.5 was associated with an increased risk of treatment for lameness in the following 0–2 months and >2–4 months for all causes of lameness and also specifically for SU/WLD lameness. BCS < 2.5 was associated with an increased risk of treatment for SH in the following 0–2 months but not >2–4 months. There was no such association with DD. All lameness, SU/WLD, SH and DD were significantly more likely to occur in cows that had been lame previously, but the effect of BCS was present even when all repeat cases of lameness were excluded from the analysis. Milk yield was significantly higher and fell in the month before treatment in cows lame with SU/WLD but it was not significantly higher for cows that were treated for DD compared with non-lame cows. These findings support the hypothesis that low BCS contributes to the development of horn related claw lameness but not infectious claw diseases in dairy cows. One link between low BCS and lameness is a thin digital cushion which has been proposed as a trigger for claw horn disease. Cows with BCS 2 produced more milk than cows with BCS 2.5, however, this was only approximately 100 kg difference in yield over a 305-day lactation. Given the increased risk of lameness in cows with BCS 2, the direct costs of lameness and the small variability in milk yield by BCS, preventing cows from falling to BCS < 2.5 would improve cow welfare and be economically beneficial.     

猪抗病毒精液稀释液应用效果评价

抗病毒精液稀释液在养猪企业实际应用效果表明,抗病毒精液稀释液可使公猪精液在体外恒温有效保存时间延长至6d,精子平均活力达0.7,授配母猪情期受胎率达86％,窝产仔数平均11.2头,仔猪产后死亡率减少13％,猪群健康率平均提高32％.抗病毒精液稀释液与养猪企业原用普通稀释液比较,养猪综合效益提高15％.抗病毒精液稀释液在猪人工授精中应用取得良好效果.     

新蚕药添食对防治家蚕病的效果比较

本试验用新药蚕用脓病清，蚕用抗菌素九0一九和常用氯霉素分别给家蚕添食，结果表明，经添食上述药物后，蚕期病死蚕数，死笼率明显低于对照区，虫蛹统一生命率显高于对照区。说明三种蚕药对蚕病的发生均起到较好的防治作用，但以添食氯霉素的效果最好。     

坝上地区紫花苜蓿氮、磷、钾肥料效应与推荐施肥量

采用"3414"试验设计,进行田间试验,研究了坝上地区紫花苜蓿氮、磷、钾肥料效应及推荐施肥量。结果表明:在偏干旱条件下,施氮提高紫花苜蓿产量8%～25%,施磷增产率在122%～172%之间,施钾降低紫花苜蓿产量0～12%;与无肥处理相比,缺磷处理减产38.24%,其余处理增产26%～68%,高磷处理增产率最高(67.94%);氮钾互作效应降低紫花苜蓿产草量,而磷钾和磷氮互作效应为提高;缺氮、缺磷和缺钾处理的相对产量分别为75.02%、36.78%和91.60%,土壤速效氮、速效磷和速效钾的丰缺状况依次为中等、极缺和丰富。结合肥料效应函数法和养分丰缺指标法,得出坝上地区旱作条件下紫花苜蓿推荐年施氮(N)、磷(P2O5)和钾(K2O)量分别为80、50和60kg/hm2。     

植物源蒸馏油对柑橘木虱控制效果的评价

植物源蒸馏油是一种新型植物油,本文探讨了植物源蒸馏油在害虫控制中的应用潜力。以矿物油乳剂为参照,以柑橘木虱为试虫,分析比较植物油蒸馏油的触杀和拒避作用。植物油和矿物油对柑橘木虱的卵、若虫和成虫均有一定的触杀作用,其中对若虫尤其低龄若虫的触杀作用最强,可达90%以上。两种油剂对雌虫产卵均有一定的拒避作用,拒避雌虫产卵维持约2 d。两种油剂对成虫寄主选择没有明显的拒避作用。总体上,植物源蒸馏油对柑橘木虱的触杀作用以及对成虫的拒避作用与矿物油相当。如果进一步改进该植物油的乳化效果,可替代矿物油乳剂应用于害虫防治中。     

Effect of fasting duration on clinical pathology results in Wistar rats

Background: Fasting is an important preanalytical factor that may affect the interpretation of hematology and clinical biochemistry data in toxicology or pharmacology studies. Limited information is available on how the results may be affected by different durations of fasting. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of fasting duration on clinical pathology results in male and female rats and to determine an optimum fasting time for preclinical studies. Methods: Male and female Wistar rats (10 each per group) were fasted for 0, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 48 hours. Changes in body weight and in the results of routine CBC and clinical chemistry analysis were evaluated by 1‐way ANOVA. Results: Body weight was significantly decreased by 4 hours of fasting in all rats, and hemoglobin concentration was significantly increased at 16 hours in male rats. Serum glucose and triglyceride concentrations in both sexes and cholesterol and high‐density lipoprotein‐C concentrations in female rats were also significantly decreased beginning at 16 hours. The creatinine concentration was increased in females after 16 hours of fasting. Serum alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase activities were significantly decreased after 8 hours in males and 16 hours in females. Conclusions: Fasting‐induced changes in clinical pathology results were consistent with hemoconcentration and altered nutrition and metabolic function. Most changes occurred at 16 hours, with minimal subsequent changes. Hence, a 16‐hour fasting duration may be recommended for preclinical studies involving clinical pathology measurements.     

400克/升氯氟醚菌唑悬浮剂对香蕉叶斑病的防治效果

通过大田试验研究了400克/升氯氟醚菌唑悬浮剂防治香蕉叶斑病效果及其对香蕉产量的影响。研究结果表明,分别以20毫升、13.3毫升、10毫升400克/升氯氟醚菌唑悬浮剂兑水60公斤分3次喷雾施药,第二次施药后14d后对香蕉叶斑病防治效果在60.43-66.52%,第三次施药后14d后对香蕉叶斑病防治效果在75.72-80.72%,并对香蕉的单株产量有明显增产效果。其中尤以20毫升400克/升氯氟醚菌唑悬浮剂兑水60公斤剂量喷雾处理的效果最好。