基于PID的饲料制粒调质温度控制系统设计与试验

为解决颗粒饲料在制粒过程中调质温度依赖人工辅助控制问题，该研究设计了基于PID控制算法的调质温度控制系统。采用开环阶跃响应法建立电动比例调节阀与调质温度之间的控制模型。为了得到最优的PID控制参数(比例系数K_p、积分系数T_i、微分系数T_d)，通过Simulink仿真试验对比了Ziegler-Nichols整定法、衰减曲线法和临界比例度法的PID响应曲线，确定PID最优控制参数为K_p=52.7,T_i=6.4,T_d=1.6。对小型制粒机调质温度控制系统进行试验，选用哺乳母猪配合粉料，调质温度分别设定为75、80和85℃，稳定后的调质温度均能维持在设定范围内；选取调质温度为80℃进行稳定性试验，每1 min记录调质温度，整个试验过程中调质温度基本稳定在(80±1)℃范围内，调质温度平均相对误差小于1%，调质温度变异系数小于0.5%，系统温度控制稳定，可自动采集制粒生产数据，实现了制粒过程中调质温度的快速响应和实时控制。研究结果可为颗粒饲料制粒机的自动化控制提供参...     

密集烘烤后期不同风机转速对烤后烟叶内在品质的影响

为探索当前密集烘烤过程里循环风机不同转速对烤后烟叶内在品质的影响,分析烘烤后期循环风机转速与烟叶香吃味之间的关系,试验以烟草品种南江3号中部叶为材料,研究了干筋期烟叶烘烤循环风机转速对烤后烟叶主要化学成分协调性和评吸质量的影响.结果表明,烘烤开始至52℃范围内风机转速采用1 450 r/min、52～60℃范围内风机转速采用960 r/min、60～65℃至烘烤结束风机转速采用720r/min进行通风,可以提高烤后烟叶内在品质,促进化学成分协调性,有利于石油醚提取物含量的积累,能够明显改善烤后烟叶的香吃味.     

改性沥青混凝土原材料质量控制及配合比组成设计

本文结合依宝公路大个岭至万宝公园段施工实例,着重阐述了改性沥青在严寒地区的应用中其材料管理、配合比组成设计两方面的具体实施的经验及体会.     

高校图书馆管理员素质在和谐阅读中的作用探析

从高校图书馆管理员素质的角度出发,分析了管理员素质在构建和谐阅读中的作用和存在的问题,探讨了如何培养和提高管理员素质的策略,进而促进和谐阅读。     

杏棉间作复合系统对棉花产量及纤维品质的影响

以大田棉花为对照(CK),研究了环塔里木盆地杏、棉间作系统对棉花的产量和纤维品质特性的影响.结果表明:杏、棉间作下棉花的产量及其构成因素相比对照均有不同程度的减小,且随着距杏树垂直距离的增加,其变化呈偏态分布趋势；在杏、棉间作区,棉花的比强度、伸长率和马克隆值明显减少,而纤维长度、整齐度、黄度和纺纱指数则形成了明显的增...     

不同抗热应激添加剂对热应激小鼠精液品质的影响

为探讨抗热应激添加剂对热应激状态下小鼠精液品质的影响,选取年龄和健康状况相近的成年雄性鼠150只,按照常温、热应激、添加剂处理后热应激的方式进行分组试验,对各组精液品质等指标进行统计分析。结果表明,3组热应激添加剂在缓解热应激小鼠的精液品质的影响效果上存在显著差异,其中效果最好的为中药组,其次是电解质组,最后是维生素组。从Hsp70mRNA表达量上来看,抗热应激添加剂组明显高于常温对照组。但与热应激组比较,维生素组与电解质组表达量低,而中药组表达量高。     

青贮微生物及其对青贮饲料发酵品质影响的研究进展

青贮微生物在饲料发酵过程中起关键作用。无论是牧草表面附着的微生物还是外源添加的微生物菌剂在青贮发酵过程中对青贮微生物的群落结构及其演替过程都起着重要的作用,而青贮发酵过程中微生物的群落结构及其演替过程与代谢产物很大程度上影响着青贮饲料的发酵品质。本文阐述了青贮微生物群落结构,微生物在青贮过程中的演替及其对青贮饲料品质的影响。从目前研究结果来看,不同牧草及同种牧草生长在不同环境中其表面附着微生物存在很大差异。添加乳酸菌对提高青贮品质效果不稳定,还需了解牧草附着微生物特性决定是否需要接种乳酸菌以得到优质青贮饲料。     

Effect of Different Crossbred Combinations on Fatting Performance in Beef Cattle

This study was aimed to determine the effects of different crossbred combinations on fatting performance in beef cattle. Using single factor randomized block design, 30 bulls (health, similar weight and age) were chosen, Simmental cattle×Kerqin beef cattle (group A), Charolais cattle×Kerqin crossbred beef cattle (group B) and Kerqin beef cattle (group C) were divided into three groups with 10 bulls per group. After 95 d, the body weight, slaughter performance, meat quality and the economic benefits of fattening were measured. The results showed that there were no significant influence on dry matter intake among trials (P>0.05). The F/G, ethanolic extract (EE) of muscle in crossbred groups (groups A and B) were significant lower than group C (P<0.05). The weight of carcass, weight of meat, rate of carcass, and the weight of shank, plate, chine and rump in crossbred groups were significant higher than group C (P<0.05). There were no significant difference in content of amino acids among groups (P>0.05),and it had difference in the content of palmitoleic acid (PAA),stearic acid(SA) and linoleic acid (LA). In this trial, it had better fattening performance and the economic benefits in crossbred cattle groups than Kerqin beef group cattle, but the ethanolic extract and unsaturated fatty acids of muscle in Kerqin beef cattle were higher than the crossbred groups, and it had better fattening performance by crossbred.     

Impact of newly introduced perennial bioenergy crops on soil quality parameters at three different locations in W‐Germany

The land areas used for bioenergy crop cultivation are increasing across Europe. For several years now, various perennial crops have been cultivated, including Miscanthus , switchgrass and reed canary grass, and the newly introduced cup plant, giant knotweed, tall wheatgrass, virginia mallow, and wild plant mixtures. We investigated the impact that many of these perennial bioenergy crops (PECs) have on the soil organic C and N pools, microbial properties, and earthworm activity at three different study sites in W‐Germany with varying soil conditions after an experimental period of five years. Silage maize (Zea maize ) in rotation with green rye (Cecale cereale ) or Triticale was used for comparison (= annual energy crops; AEC). The overall intention of this study was to gain insights into the future trends of soil quality with changes in land‐use towards bioenergy production. Our results emphasized that in general, soil quality was improved through the cultivation of perennials. For example, after five years of investigation, the mean soil organic carbon contents increased, on average, by 1–2% at two of the three study sites, the soil microbial biomass increased from 13% (virginia mallow) to 27% (tall wheatgrass) (p < 0.05) compared to AEC treatment and the mean earthworm activity (cast production) was significantly improved in PECs compared to AEC. These trends were mainly found in silty to loamy soils, but the results were slightly different in sandy soils and dry climate conditions. We suggest that this might be traced back to unfavourable growing conditions for perennial crops during the first years of establishment. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive field investigation of the impact of these newly introduced perennial crops on soil quality indicators that considers various site‐ and soil‐specific growth conditions.     

Shift of grain protein composition in bread wheat under summer drought events

Climate change bears the risk of more frequent drought stress in the northern hemisphere with more frequent early summer drought events affecting main grain crops. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is susceptible for such drought events at the flowering and grain filling stages. After drought, the grain yield decrease of three hybrids was about 20% lower compared to three wheat lines analyzed. Wheat grain proteins are classified into four main components such as albumin and globulin, gliadin, and glutenin. The latter two are closely related to the baking quality of flour and might be affected by drought. However, detailed knowledge about the influence of drought on the synthesis of specific storage protein fractions is scarce. By analyzing the grain protein fractions by means of SDS‐PAGE technique, we detected an increase in grain protein content as well as in HMW and some LMW glutenin sub‐fractions. The glutenin fraction seems to be most variable in gene expression under different environmental scenarios such as drought. However, the protein yield as well as the grain yield may be strongly decreased, which might be not acceptable in practice.