Introduction of New Promising Apple Genotypes: A Study of Quality Attributes of Apple in Crosses between Iranian Early Ripening and Exotic Late Ripening Apple Cultivars

Apple breeding is usually done to produce higher quality apples. We crossed two late ripening high quality apple cultivars (i.e., Golden Smoothie and Red Spur) as maternal parents with two Iranian domestic early ripening apple cultivars (i.e., Golab-e Kohanz and Shafi Abadi) as pollen parents in 2005 to breed new early ripening apple cultivars. We then measured qualitative and quantitative traits of 360 off spring during 2010 and 2011. Results of recorded traits on the 5th and 6th year of growth of the progeny showed that during two evaluation years, flowering and fruit ripening time, titrable acidity, SSC/acid ratio, and fruit weight had the highest coefficients of phenotypic variations. Progenies were classified in three groups: early, mid, and late ripening. Some of the selected progeny were better than their early ripening parental cultivars being earlier in the ripening, with larger fruit size and better texture and flavor. Genotypes A31, A32, I5, I23, and I57 were in the early ripening category, B11 and A34 were in the middle, and B77 and E21 were in the late ripening categories. These characteristics were considered to present an improvement.     

我国林业经济监测预警系统初探

建立林业经济监测预警系统，是保证林业经济正常运行及其与国民经济协调发展的重要环节。该文对林业经济监测预警系统进行了全面系统的分析研究，提出了系统建设的目标、内容和基本框架，为我国林业经济监测预警系统的建设提供了理论和方法基础。     

杂交早稻新组合顺优109种植表现及高产栽培技术

顺优109是早稻早熟新组合,2009年通过广西农作物品种审定,2011年在灵川县潭下镇香殿村连片种植7.67hm2,加权平均产量8.398t/hm2,最高产量8.727t/hm2,表现出高产、稳产、早熟、抗性好等特性。本文详细介绍其种植表现及高产栽培技术。     

民国初期几部典型中学历史教科书综述

结合民国初期颁布的＂壬戌学制＂,探究几部典型中学历史教科书的内容与特色,归纳出民国初期中学历史教科书特点,以期对今天中学历史教育的发展与创新提供启示。     

α-酮戊二酸对免疫应激下断奶仔猪肝损伤的影响

24头体质量为(7.25±1.13)kg的(21±1)日龄(杜×长×大)断奶仔猪随机分为3组,每个组设有8个重复,每个重复1头猪。3个组分别为:饲喂基础日粮,注射生理盐水(对照组);饲喂基础日粮,注射脂多糖(LPS)(LPS组);饲喂基础日粮+1%α-酮戊二酸(AKG),注射LPS(AKG组)。预试期7d,正式试验期16d,探讨AKG对免疫应激下断奶仔猪肝损伤的影响。结果显示:(1)LPS刺激导致血清腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)的活性显著升高了15.29%(P0.05),日粮添加1%AKG血清ADA活性较LPS组降低了7.85%(P0.05);(2)LPS刺激导致肝脏丙二醛(MDA)活性显著升高了59.61%(P0.05)以及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著降低了23.21%(P0.05),而日粮添加1%AKG肝脏MDA活性较LPS组降低了13.70%(P0.05)、GSH-Px活性则升高了17.16%(P0.05);(3)LPS刺激导致肝脏总蛋白质含量和RNA/DNA比值分别显著增加了8.20%(P0.05),10%(P0.05),而日粮添加1%AKG较LPS组肝脏总蛋白质含量和RNA/DNA比值分别降低了3.94%(P0.05),10%(P0.05)。结果表明:AKG能在一定程度上缓解LPS刺激对断奶仔猪肝脏的损伤。     

不同锌源对断奶仔猪免疫和抗氧化作用的影响

选用 1 4 4头断奶仔猪 ,随机分成 4组 :一组为对照 ,饲喂添加氧化锌 1 0 0 mg/kg的日粮 ,另 3组分别饲喂添加氧化锌 30 0 0 m g/kg、蛋氨酸锌 1 0 0 m g/kg和纳米氧化锌 30 0 m g/kg的日粮 ,进行为期 5 2 d的饲养试验 ,以研究不同锌源对断奶仔猪消化和免疫功能的影响。结果表明 :高剂量氧化锌可提高血清中 Ig A的含量 5 .0 7%(P<0 .0 5 ) ,高剂量氧化锌和纳米氧化锌可使血清中免疫球蛋白 Ig M含量分别提高 2 .97%(P<0 .0 5 )和 5 .6 7%(P<0 .0 1 ) ;蛋氨酸锌可使血清中SOD活性比对照组提高 1 .36倍 (P<0 .0 1 ) ,高剂量氧化锌和蛋氨酸锌可分别使肝脏中 SOD活性提高 2 8.2 0 %(P<0 .0 5 )和 2 9.33%(P<0 .0 5 ) ;高剂量氧化锌、蛋氨酸锌和纳米氧化锌均可提高肝脏组织中金属硫蛋白 (MT)含量     

早熟桃胚愈伤组织的诱导与保持

以早熟桃品种西选一号胚为外植体,对愈伤组织的诱导、继代保持和分化进行了研究。结果表明:2,4-D浓度为2.0mg.L-1的MS培养基是愈伤组织诱导的最适宜培养基,诱导率最高,达90.2%,诱导的愈伤组织质量好;将2,4-D浓度降低至1.0 mg.L-1,采用MS、WPM 2种培养基进行交替继代,可以使愈伤组织长期保持,但这种愈伤组织不能分化出芽。     

Lime and Nutrients Effects on Jatropha curcas Cultivated on an Amazonian Soil

We evaluated the effects of macronutrient and micronutrient omission, and of liming, on Jatropha curcas (JC) in greenhouse study. The experimental design was a factorial combination of 2 liming treatments (nil or 4.5 t. ha^?1 of dolomitic lime) x 7 combinations of fertility status, with five replications. The concentrations and uptake of nutrients by JC plants follow the order: nitrogen > potassium > calcium ≥ Magnesium > sulfur > phosphorus > iron > boron > manganese > zinc > copper (N > K > Ca ≥ Mg > S > P > Fe > B > Mn > Zn > Cu), but the growth of JC plants was negatively affected mainly by omission of macronutrients, in the following order: P > N = K = S, on limed soil. Phosphorus is the most critical element for development. JC is responsive to micronutrients only when applied together with macronutrients. Potassium chloride is not recommended as K⁺ source for JC crop. Lime is recommended to improve growth and nutritional status of JC plants.     

苏北沿海保护地番茄早疫病防治药剂筛选

[目的]筛选能够有效防治沿海地区保护地番茄早疫病的药剂。[方法]针对不同熟期的番茄品种通过田间试验研究了29%嘧菌酯·戊唑醇悬浮剂和44%百菌清·苯醚甲环唑悬浮剂对番茄早疫病的防治效果。[结果]按有效剂量计,29%嘧菌酯·戊唑醇悬浮剂130.5、174.0 g/hm2对早熟番茄品种早疫病的防效分别为75.40%和81.30%;44%百菌清·苯醚甲环唑悬浮剂660.0、825.0 g/hm2对中熟番茄品种早疫病的防效分别为74.60%和80.30%,可有效防治早熟和中熟番茄品种早疫病,且对番茄安全。[结论]试验结果为沿海地区设施番茄早疫病的防治提供了参考。     

基于环境水力学的产漂流性卵鱼类早期资源量估算方法改进

针对鱼类早期资源量估算方法误差大的问题,基于环境水力学,建立鱼卵移流扩散的瞬时点源二维模型,并对模型进行参数选取、守恒验证,分析了鱼类早期资源量传统估算方法的误差,提出一种新的基于环境水力学的产漂流性卵鱼类早期资源量估算方法。结果表明,中心产卵群体,从产卵点到下游约80 km范围内的断面,鱼卵密度呈钟形分布,由传统方法估算得到的早期资源量低于真实值,最大误差为17.5%;对于近岸产卵群体,从产卵点到下游约200 km范围内的断面,鱼卵密度随距离增加呈指数下降,由传统方法估算得到的资源量高于真实值,最大误差为-33.9%;当断面鱼卵密度均匀分布,即中心产卵和近岸产卵时,产卵场下游80 km和200 km后的断面鱼卵密度沿断面分布均匀,传统方法估算结果较为准确,不必进行校正。改进的估算方法可用于计算产漂流性鱼卵的鱼类早期资源量。