栽培措施对四倍体刺槐生物量的影响

为了探索根龄、栽培密度和刈割方法对四倍体刺槐饲料林生物量及再生能力的影响,确定合理的饲料林栽培模式,对不同根龄、不同密度、不同刈割周期及留茬高度和不同刈割工具及刈割部位的当年生林分从总质量、叶质量等生物量指标方面进行了测量分析.结果表明:四倍体刺槐饲料林生物量随根龄的增长而增加;其合理的栽培密度为0.4 m×0.8 m...     

帽儿山地区四种树种树干呼吸的比较研究

树干呼吸是森林生态系统碳平衡的重要组成部分,它每年消耗碳同化总量(NPP) 的11%～33 %.本文采用Li-6400-09土壤呼吸气室于2010 年5 月测定了帽儿山地区4个主要树种(白桦、落叶松、山杨、红松)在不同高度、不同方位的树干呼吸速率,同时监测了树干表面温度.研究结果表明:树干呼吸速率随树干表面温度的升高而...     

不同留茬高度处理对柠条更新能力的影响

为促进柠条林人工更新和提高其利用率,文章对24年生灌木状柠条人工林进行0 cm、5 cm、10 cm 3种留茬高度处理.结果表明:(1)柠条再生能力较强,第1次平茬后新生枝株高,冠幅迅速增长,且能保持良好的生长状态,生物效益显著.(2)离地面10 cm平茬处理的效果优于其余2种处理.     

不同灌水和施氮对河西绿洲春玉米生长、产量和水分利用的影响

通过大田小区试验,设置8个不同生育期灌水处理:各生育期都灌水(CK)、苗期不灌水(I1)、拔节期不灌水(I2)、抽穗期不灌水(I3)、灌浆成熟期不灌水(I4)、苗期+抽穗期不灌水(I13)、苗期+灌浆期不灌水(I14)、拔节期+灌浆期不灌水(I24)和4个氮肥水平:不施氮(ZN)、低氮(LN,60 kg N/hm2)、...     

旱地全膜双垄沟播栽培条件下玉米穗部性状的数量关系研究

对在旱地全膜双垄沟播栽培条件下的47个玉米杂交种的穗部性状与单株产量及穗部性状之间的关系进行了相关和灰色关联度分析,并对灰色关联度高且相关系数显著者进行了多类型回归曲线拟合,并通过分析曲线方程的函数性质,明确了在该技术模式下,玉米穗部性状对产量的影响程度以及数量特征和关键点.提出了在纯旱地全膜双垄沟播栽培条件下高产玉米...     

渗漏水库的水土保持作用

渗漏水库的水土保持作用韩乾坤，杨元保，郭仲甫（河南省新密市水利局，４５２５７０）在丘陵山区，尤其是碳酸盐岩分布区，有许多水库渗漏严重（以下称渗漏水库）。除雨季外，渗漏水库库存量一般很小，从蓄水角度讲几乎没有使用价值，多数已弃之不用，但我们发现。渗漏水...     

A selection procedure for ear drying-rates in maize

Summary A selection procedure to change the drying rates of maize (Zea mays L.) ears was developed and tested. Results indicated that drying rates were affected by hybrid genotype, ear maturity at harvest, number of kernels per row, ear diameter, and moisture content at harvest.Mass selection was initiated in an early synthetic, NDSG, in an attempt to produce both fast and slow drying strains. After two cycles resultant substrains were evaluated in the laboratory for direct and in the field for correlated selection responses. Laboratory results indicated that selection effectively changed moisture loss rates in NDSG, and confirmed earlier observations that an ear's moisture content at harvest affects its drying rate.Data from field experiments grown at five locations in 1980 revealed that each of two selection cycles for slow laboratory drying rate significantly reduced ear moisture content at harvest, in the field. This lower harvest moisture content appeared to result from a lower moisture content at physiological maturity rather than a faster drying rate. Other correlated selection responses included lowered yield, plant height, and ear weight due to selection for fast laboratory drying, and lowered plant height and ear weight from selection for slow drying.Data indicated that this selection procedure can be used to change moisture loss rate and ear moisture content at harvest. Results also contributed to understanding of factors involved in ear drying rates which may lead to more effective selection procedures.Journal Article No. 1385 of the North Dakota Agri. Exp. Stn., Fargo.     

Nitrate uptake by Eriophorum vaginatum controls N2O production in a restored peatland

The clear dependence of N₂O production through denitrification on available nitrate in soil has been shown in many studies. Since N availability similarly limits the growth of plants, the resource competition with vegetation limits the activity of denitrifying microbes and may consequently moderate the N₂O emissions from peatlands. We used uptake by Eriophorum vaginatum L. as a vegetation competition factor for microbes. The species was selected for the experiment because it has high nutrient use efficiency in low-nutrient conditions and high nutrient uptake efficiency in luxuriant nutrient conditions. We measured gaseous N flux as N₂O (end product of denitrifier activity) in a restored peatland in central Finland with acetylene inhibition technique over a growing season from sample plots with varying addition levels and E. vaginatum cover. The resource competition effects were analysed with a model that used exponential decay dependence of N₂O flux on the leaf area of E. vaginatum, and saturating response of N₂O flux to addition level. The model explained the variation in N₂O fluxes well (R²=0.86). The model simulation showed that the increasing nutrient uptake of E. vaginatum decreased the N₂O fluxes exponentially. Simultaneously, denitrification appeared to saturate even in conditions with high availability of and low level of competition by vegetation. Thus, E. vaginatum is an effective competitor for in sedge-dominated peatlands that controls the availability of for denitrification, and consequently moderates the N₂O emissions from peatlands.     

不同CDE模型对硒在黄绵土中运移特性的模拟研究

污染物在土体运移是影响土体和地下水污染的一个重要的因素。为了研究不同因素对亚硒酸根离子在土体中运移的影响,在室内不同实验条件下,采用垂直土柱易混置换法对亚硒酸根离子在黄绵土土柱中的运移进行了研究,获得了不同容重及不同土柱高度条件下亚硒酸根离子的穿透曲线,通过STANMOD软件,应用确定性平衡CDE数学模型和确定性非平衡两区模型对穿透曲线进行拟合,研究结果表明:容重增大,阻滞因子R值减小,弥散系数D值则是先增大后减小;随着土柱高度的增加,弥散系数D值减小,而阻滞因子R变化不大。非平衡两区模型对于亚硒酸根离子运移参数的拟合优于平衡模型。穿透曲线能较好地反映出离子在土壤中运移的参数值,曲线越靠近y轴、初始穿透时间越小则弥散系数D越大;曲线越平缓则R值越大。     

光合作用增效剂在高粱上的应用

为探索"叶之缘"光合作用增效剂对高粱生长发育及产量的影响,运用随机区组设计法,设计了光合作用增效剂3个剂量、3个喷施时期的试验研究。结果表明:该药剂对高粱产量有显著影响,拔节期喷施450～600 g/hm2光合作用增效剂能显著增加一级枝梗数、穗长及穗粒质量,从而提高产量。