沈阳市天然降雨雨滴特征研究

采用滤纸色斑法对沈阳市天然降雨雨滴进行观测,通过计算并运用回归分析对沈阳地区天然降雨雨滴特性进行研究。结果表明:沈阳地区天然降雨雨滴的大小分布遵守Best函数分布式;雨滴中数直径及降雨动能同降雨强度关系显著,呈幂函数关系。     

Calculating the contact area of trailer tyres in the field

The spectacular increase in the weight of self-propelled harvesters since the early 1980s also applies to trailed implements such as slurry spreaders, compost spreaders, cutter-blowers and general farm trailers. With axle loads exceeding 10 tonnes/axle (tandem 20 tonnes, tridem 27 tonnes), risks of severe compaction can now be expected, not only in field crops but also in grassland. Calculation tables for accurately evaluating contact surfaces of transport tyre, given their properties, load and inflation pressure, are insufficient at the present time. Equations for traction tyres are not suitable for trailer tyres.To overcome this deficiency, contact areas in the field were recorded on 19 sites, from soft to hard surfaces, using 24 different trailer tyres, with varying loads and inflation pressures. The regression calculations for evaluating the contact area apply to a total of 143 measurements.The dimensions of the tyre (width × unladen diameter), the load on the wheel and the inflation pressure are all highly significant variables for evaluation of the soil contact area. Considering the average residual standard deviation for each regression calculation, the best approximations are achieved by taking into account the tyre structure (cross-ply and radial), the width of tyre for cross-ply tyres and the type of tyre, in the case of a radial tyres (low profile or terra profile).Moreover, contrary to expectations, observations show that with low levels of load, reducing inflation pressure can also reduce the contact area.As regards soil hardness, observations show that there is no direct link between a hard soil and a reduced contact area; this relationship does not appear to be linear. The calculations are considered to be reliable on semi-firm to firm soil, frequently found on temporary grassland or natural grassland (penetration resistance 6.5–25.0 MPa).     

密度对玉米穗部性状及产量的影响

[目的]分析密度对玉米穗部性状及产量的影响,为灌区春玉米品种选择与增密增产提供理论依据及技术参考.[方法]以玉米品种宁单41号、宁1530、宁玉51号、先玉335为试验材料,设置82500、90000、97500和105000株/hm24种密度处理,分析密度对穗部性状及籽粒产量的影响.[结果]随着密度的增加,穗部性状的...     

小麦茎叶性状与穗部性状相关性的探讨

对小麦品种（系）茎叶性状与穗部性状进行相关性研究,结果表明：小麦茎叶性状与穗部性状之间存在不同程度的相关。其中,穗节茎粗与穗粒数,穗长,穗粒重、剑叶面积呈正相关;剑叶面积与穗粒数、穗长、穗粒重呈正相关;穗长、穗粒数、穗粒重之间呈正相关,穗节茎粗和剑叶面积与株高呈负相关。     

河南剌槐根径立木材积表编制的研究

利用河南山区、平原６２个县（市、区）收集的１１５４株刺槐样木,编制出了河南刺槐根径二元、一元立木材积表。用回归方法筛选出了刺槐根径与胸径关系的最佳数学模型（Ｄ１．３＝ａ０＋ａ１Ｄｒ＋ａ２Ｄ２ｒ）。并根据模型提出由立木积材表导算根径立木材积表的方法。     

格氏栲天然林主要种群直径分布结构特征

应用 5种概率分布律对格氏栲林 8个主要树木种群的直径结构进行拟合 ,比较不同类型的拟合效果 ,探索各种群直径分布结构特征 .结果表明 ,β分布函数较好表达格氏栲林主要树木种群的直径分布结构 ,拟合效果最好 ,正态分布函数次之 ;不同群落类型的格氏栲种群直径分布均符合β分布 ,偏度大部分呈正偏 ,峰度均为负 ,表明优势种格氏栲种群直径分布范围较大、中径材占多数 .同时格氏栲种群直径 β分布参数与林分平均胸径等特征因子存在显著关系 .其研究对格氏栲林的合理经营及森林调查 ,均具有重要意义     

均匀分布法预估未来直径分布改正因子计算公式的研究

本文分析了均匀分布和非均匀分布的进级株数的情形，并利用作图法推导出均匀分布法预估未来直径分布改正因子的计算公式。     

玉米雌穗小花类型,形态,决定时期及其与成粒的关系

玉米雌穗有完全花与不完全花之分,不完全花又分退化花和畸形花。总花数受品种遗传性制约,栽培措施影响较小,吐丝前后的温光条件影响较大。性器官形成期是不完全花发生的重要时期。夏播时品种间花数变幅为543——840朵。雌穗分化终止期因品种而异,大多于吐丝前7d至吐丝后1—2d。结实率达总花数80%,其中11—17%为败育粒,是影响小花成粒的首要因素,败育花影响甚微。高产栽培时花数较稳定,减少籽粒败育是提高产量的有效途径,中低产区增花增粒和保花增粒亦不可忽视。     

Provenance and progeny results for the tropical white pine, Pinus chiapensis, at five and eight years of age

Eleven provenances and 132 open-pollinated families of Pinus chiapensis were established at six locations in Brazil, Colombia, and South Africa and assessed for height, volume, and forking percent at five and eight years of age. Provenance × site and family × site interactions were examined in a subset of three trials with 38 open-pollinated families in common. Average volume production of P. chiapensis in Colombia and South Africa was 25 m³/ha/yr and 12 m³/ha/yr, respectively, at eight years of age. Provenance and family differences for height and volume were significant at the individual test sites at eight years of age. The La Trinidad (Chiapas) source was the most productive. Forking percent ranged from 3% in South Africa to 38% in San Jose, Colombia at eight years. Provenance × site interactions were significant for forking but not for height and volume. Family × site interactions were significant for height and volume but not for forking. Forty-six percent of the interaction variance between height and location was contributed by only six families. Height/diameter ratios for P. chiapensis were 0.29 and 0.39 in Colombia and South Africa, respectively, and significantly different.     

冰冻雪压对杉木人工林近成熟林分危害调查

以受冰冻雪灾较为严莺的江西省大岗山林区杉木近成熟林分为研究对象,探讨杉木林分结构和立地条件与杉木受损类型及灾害发生程度的关系,得到几点主要结论:1)冰冻雪压造成大岗山林区杉木受害株数比例达66.84%,受灾相当严重,杉木林分受害类型可分为弯梢、断梢、斜干、断干、倒地及翻蔸等6种,其中断干和断梢为最主要的2种受害类型.2)杉木林分结构对冰冻雪压危害具有明显的调节作用,灾害主要发生于径阶相对较小的林木,林分内径阶越大的林木其受害程度明显越轻;林分密度与受害强度具极显著正相关,密度越高,林分受损株数愈多,且密度主要影响断干、翻蔸这2种不可逆的受损类型,合理的密度调控至关重要.3)杉木林分的立地条件与受害程度紧密相关,高海拔、高坡位、陡坡处的林分更易受到冰冻雪压的危害,较高的立地指数有利于杉木在遭受冰冻雪压灾害时减轻损失.