玉米粗缩病发生规律与防控对策

近年来,我国北方玉米种植区玉米粗缩病有逐年加重的趋势,给玉米生产带来巨大的损失。本文详细阐述了玉米粗缩病的危害症状及发病规律,分析了玉米粗缩病暴发的主要原因,并提出了综合防控对策。     

栽培条件对日本矮麦冬分株繁殖生长影响研究

采用搭阴棚和无阴棚、细沙和园土+泥炭土(4∶1)混合基质对比栽培试验,测定日本矮麦冬分株繁殖生长指标及生物量.结果表明,日本矮麦冬在搭阴棚环境下其根状茎、茎叶长度和根状茎、茎叶干物质的积累均高于无阴棚条件,前者比后者分别高50.9％,21.7％,20.3％和25.9％;在园土+泥炭土(4∶1)混合基质中生长优于细沙,3个生长指标分别比细沙处理高70.3％,31.0％,21.3％和34.4％.可在昆明地区推广种植.     

Inheritance of a plant type mutant and its utilization in chickpea

Summary A macro-mutant, E 100Y(M) in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) was found to affect several plant and seed characters. For plant type monogenic inheritance was observed. A single pair of recessive genes pt/pt was ascribed to this mutant. The mutant locus seemed to be exerting pleiotropic action. The utilization of this mutant for chickpea improvement has been discussed.     

A shattering-resistant mutant of Papaver bracteatum Lindl.: characterisation and inheritance

Summary Papaver bracteatum is a potential crop for the codeine industry. Seed shattering prevailing in the species is a major problem which reduces the seed yields. A spontaneous mutant with capsules having no pores of dehiscence was isolated in an experimental field. The seed yields of this shattering-resistant mutant are lower than in plants with normal capsules but the thebaine content of the capsules from the mutant is higher. The mutation is monogenic dominant; it can be used for breeding cultivars for dual purpose-thebaine and seeds.     

水稻黑条矮缩病抗性QTL定位

发掘水稻黑条矮缩病的抗性基因有助于抗病品种的选育,减少黑条矮缩病对水稻生产的危害。本研究构建了包含222个家系的L5494/IR36重组自交系群体。对该群体进行黑条矮缩病的田间诱发鉴定,抗性亲本IR36发病率为28.70%,感病亲本L5494发病率为84.26%,群体发病率范围为11.21%～89.81%。利用134对分子标记构建覆盖12条染色体的遗传连锁图谱,总遗传距离为1475.97 cM,平均标记间距为11.1 cM。利用QTL IciMapping 4.0对抗黑条矮缩病QTL进行分析,共检测到4个QTL,其中第1、第2、第9染色体上QTL的表型贡献率分别为12.64%、16.00%和8.43%,抗病等位基因来自抗病亲本IR36;第6染色体上QTL的表型贡献率为10.82%,抗病等位基因来自感病亲本L5494。在此基础上,利用93-11为供体、日本晴为背景的近等基因系材料,在qRBSDV-1定位区间内检测到来自93-11的抗性QTL。本研究结果为水稻黑条矮缩病抗性基因定位及分子标记辅助选择育种提供借鉴。     

农大4号与DS-1欧李正、反交F1代果实品质的遗传变异分析

为探究欧李果实品质的遗传规律,本研究选用欧李农大4号与DS-1及其正、反交后代群体为试验材料,测定双亲及后代群体果实的平均单果重、核重、纵横径、果形指数、可溶性固形物含量、类黄酮含量、总酚含量及抗氧化能力(DPPH、FRAP、ABTS),对其后代遗传规律进行分析。结果表明,所测定的指标均呈现正态或偏正态分布,呈连续变异,为多基因控制的数量遗传性状。纵径、横径、果形指数和可溶性固形物含量的变异系数均小于20%,后代未出现广泛分离,选择潜力较小,其中果形指数的变异系数最小,选择潜力最小,这与大多数欧李果实呈现扁圆形的情况一致。平均单果重、核重、类黄酮含量、总酚含量和抗氧化能力的变异系数均超过20%,后代广泛分离,选择潜力较大,尤其以平均单果重的选择潜力最大。平均单果重、纵横径受父本影响较大,以大果为父本时更易选出大果后代。果形指数不受父母本影响。可溶性固形物含量和核重表现明显的衰退变异,为趋小性遗传。以高类黄酮、总酚含量和抗氧化能力的植株为母本时,后代更易选出高类黄酮、总酚含量和抗氧化能力的优株。相关性分析将表型特征与内在物质含量相联系,为初步判断物质含量奠定重要基础。主成分分析提取了包括清除ABTS自由基和类黄酮含量的第一主成分和包括纵横径的第二主成分。聚类分析筛选出了具有较高生物活性、较强抗氧化能力和果实较大等不同特征的优株,可根据育种目标加以重点利用。本研究为欧李育种提供了重要参考的意义。     

Characterization of a Novel Chlorophyll-Deficient Mutant Mt6172 in Wheat

Identification of new chlorophyll-deficient mutants will provide materials for studying signaling components and pathways between plastid and nucleus.A novel chlorophyll-deficient mutant,named Mt6172,w...     

Comparing Genetic Characteristics of Retrotransposon TOS17 During Different Tissue Culture Processes in the Rice Cultivars Nipponbare and Shishoubaimao

As a retrotransposon, TOS17 was a useful tool for rice genetic and functional genomic research. To ascertain the feasibility of constructing a TOS17 insertion mutation library in the rice cultivar Shishoubaimao, the genetic and expression characteristics of TOS17 were analyzed. We made solid and suspension tissue cultures and confirmed the copy numbers of TOS17 at different time points in both tissue culture processes by real-time quantitative PCR （RT-qPCR）. Three primary copies of TOS17 were detected in naturally grown Shishoubaimao. TOS17 was activated by tissue culture, and the copy numbers of TOSI7 increased along with a prolonged tissue culture time in both the Nipponbare and the Shishoubaimao cultivars. Therefore, Shishoubaimao is a potential candidate for constructing a TOS17 insertion mutant library. Compared with Nipponbare, TOS17 was more active in Shishoubaimao during tissue culture. Higher copy numbers of TOS17 were obtained with the suspension tissue culture process than with the solid tissue culture process over the same time courses. We concluded that 3-4 months of suspension tissue culture time is suitable for constructing a TOS17 insertion mutant library in Shishoubaimao.     

施氮对蜀恢498及其突变体株型和物质生产特性的影响

【目的】分析不同施氮量处理下水稻株型、物质生产以及产量的变化规律,为水稻新品种的选育和栽培管理提供参考。【方法】2015-2016年,以蜀恢498(R498)及其突变体sg1和sg2为材料,采用两因素裂区设计,其中施氮量为主因素(0,90,180 kg/hm~2以下简称为CK,N90,N180),水稻材料为副因素,分析了不同施氮处理下蜀恢498及其突变体节间长度、叶部特征、叶面积指数、高效叶面积率、粒叶比、干物质量、产量及其构成因素的变化。【结果】(1)施氮对R498及其突变体sg1和sg2上部N_1～N_5节间长度均有一定影响,其中N_1、N_2和N_3的节间长度均表现为R498sg1sg2,差异达到显著水平,N_4和N_5节间长度无明显变化规律。在同一节间下,低氮处理(N90)的节间长度与高氮处理(N180)的差异不显著。与CK相比,施氮增加了水稻叶片长度和宽度、单叶面积以及叶面积指数,降低了2016年高效叶面积率。(2)随着施氮量的增加,粒叶比呈降低趋势;3个材料中,sg1的粒叶比最大,比R498和sg2分别高14.97%和34.83%。(3)干物质量随施氮量的增加而增大,N90与N180处理间差异较小。2015-2016年,水稻的产量均表现为R498sg1sg2。R498、sg1和sg2产量均随施氮量的增加而增大。2015和2016年,R498、sg1和sg2 N90处理的产量比N180处理分别减少了14.96%,14.45%,23.77%和2.23%,6.25%,8.66%。有效穗数和千粒质量均表现为R498sg1sg2,而颖花数和着粒密度则表现为sg2sg1R498;施氮对有效穗数影响最大,N90与N180处理间差异总体达到显著水平。(4)2015和2016年,N90处理氮肥偏生产力处理显著高于N180处理。氮肥农学利用率表现为sg2sg1R498,氮肥偏生产力表现为R498sg1sg2。【结论】突变体sg1对氮响应较慢,在水稻育种中有很大的应用价值。在杂交品种选育中,可通过观测不同材料在不同供氮水平下的表现,从而选育出稳产增产的水稻新品种,更好地实现减氮稳产增效。     

玉米抗矮花叶病基因SSR分子标记定位研究

通过矮花叶病抗性鉴定筛选出玉米高抗自交系黄野四-3和高感自交系8112.遗传分析显示矮花叶病抗性表现为显性遗传.利用SSR分子标记,结合群体分离分析方法(BSA),对抗矮花叶病基因进行定位,筛选获得了与玉米抗矮花叶病基因位点连锁的SSR标记,并将该基因定位于第3连锁群,与两侧的Bnlg1035和Umc2266分子标记遗传距离分别为8.02 cM和3.04 cM.这一研究结果为快速筛选抗矮花叶病玉米新种质,培育抗性新品种提供了理论依据,为抗矮花叶病基因的分子标记辅助育种和抗病基因克隆奠定了基础.