栽培条件对日本矮麦冬分株繁殖生长影响研究

采用搭阴棚和无阴棚、细沙和园土+泥炭土(4∶1)混合基质对比栽培试验,测定日本矮麦冬分株繁殖生长指标及生物量.结果表明,日本矮麦冬在搭阴棚环境下其根状茎、茎叶长度和根状茎、茎叶干物质的积累均高于无阴棚条件,前者比后者分别高50.9％,21.7％,20.3％和25.9％;在园土+泥炭土(4∶1)混合基质中生长优于细沙,3个生长指标分别比细沙处理高70.3％,31.0％,21.3％和34.4％.可在昆明地区推广种植.     

杨树ASE蛋白的生化功能研究

[目的]谷氨酰胺磷酸核糖焦磷酸转酰胺酶(ASE)在植物嘌呤合成中发挥着关键作用,本研究的目的是详细揭示杨树ASE蛋白的生化功能特性。[方法]通过半定量RT-PCR、蛋白质亚细胞定位以及测定纯化蛋白的催化活性等方法来研究其在体外的生化功能,进一步通过互补拟南芥缺失突变体(atase2)来研究杨树ASE基因的体内生物学功能。[结果]从杨树基因组中鉴别出2个ASE基因,序列分析发现它们之间有很高的蛋白质序列相似性。半定量RT-PCR分析发现两个杨树ASE基因在根、茎、叶和芽中均表达。蛋白质亚细胞定位分析发现杨树ASE蛋白均定位在叶绿体中,而且两个杨树ASE蛋白均能完全互补拟南芥atase2突变体的表型。酶学性质分析表明,杨树两个ASE蛋白均能催化5-磷酸核糖-α-焦磷酸生成5-磷酸核糖-β-胺。[结论]本研究预示着两个杨树ASE蛋白在嘌呤合成中均发挥着重要作用。     

重金属胁迫对2种地被竹抗氧化酶与脂质过氧化的影响

采用盆栽法对4种重金属(Cd2+、Pb2+、Cu2+、Zn2+)胁迫下的菲黄竹与菲白竹叶片中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及脂质过氧化产物(MDA)进行了研究。结果表明,菲黄竹的SOD、POD、及CAT活性随着重金属浓度的增加总体趋势是先增大,之后降低,最后又增大;而菲白竹则是先升高,后降低;过氧化产物(MDA)则于酶活性的变化趋势相反。表明重金属胁迫下,2种地被竹体内的抗氧化酶活性被诱导,且菲白竹比菲黄竹有更强的耐重金属胁迫性。     

拟南芥野生型及突变体小孢子发生和发育的比较研究

通过电镜对拟南芥野生型及ｅｐｎ型突变体小孢子发生和发育进一步研究（此突变体的特征是花粉从游离核时期就具有多核、多沟并有分枝的花粉管），值得注意的是突变体在发育至四核花粉母细胞时期，在整个母细胞原生质膜外开始形成小孢子的外壁（与野生型晚期四分体内单倍体小孢子原生质体外形成的外壁相同），此外，在突变体小孢子发生的整个过程中也未见到正常四分体的出现。因此，设想具有两个营养核、两个生殖核的突变体的大花粉直接由非正常的四核花粉母细胞形成，突变体发生缺失的时期在前减数分裂期或减数分裂Ⅱ     

多效唑对无患子的矮化效应

采用不同浓度的多效唑对无患子进行矮化试验,结果表明:适宜浓度的多效唑可使无患子高生长减缓、茎杆加粗、叶面积降低、叶绿素含量增高,以多效唑1g·L-1处理对无患子的矮化作用效果最好.     

Production of a Trisomic Series in Hordeum vulgare cv. 'Golden Promise' and its Use in Locating a Recessive Chlorina Gene

A trisomic series was produced from a triploid plant of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. ‘Golden Promise’) derived from tissue culture. Its characteristics are briefly described and compared with two trisomic series reported previously. Trisomic number 1 performed poorly under glasshouse conditions. Number 2 failed to set any seed after selfing and must be maintained by pollinating with ‘Golden Promise’. The series was subsequently used to locate a recessive chlorina gene on barley chromosome 3.     

Inheritance of a plant type mutant and its utilization in chickpea

Summary A macro-mutant, E 100Y(M) in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) was found to affect several plant and seed characters. For plant type monogenic inheritance was observed. A single pair of recessive genes pt/pt was ascribed to this mutant. The mutant locus seemed to be exerting pleiotropic action. The utilization of this mutant for chickpea improvement has been discussed.     

水稻ygl80黄绿叶突变体的遗传分析与目标基因精细定位

通过化学诱变获得遗传稳定的水稻黄绿叶突变体ygl80。与野生型亲本10079相比,ygl80突变体在苗期和孕穗期叶片叶绿素分别下降76.64%和54.59%,类胡萝卜素含量分别下降53.85%和41.18%,成熟期株高、每株有效穗数、每穗着粒数、穗长和千粒重分别减少14.8%、16.5%、21.3%、9.1%和7.4%。遗传分析表明,ygl80的突变性状由1对隐性核基因控制。利用(ygl80/浙辐802) F₂作为定位群体, 将突变基因定位在第5染色体长臂InDel标记C2和C3之间,遗传距离分别为0.24 cM 和0.39 cM,两标记之间的物理距离约为90 kb,此区间内包含11个预测基因。基因组序列分析发现,ygl80突变体在编码叶绿素合酶的YGL1(LOC_Os05g28200)基因编码区第5027碱基处(位于第14外显子),碱基C突变为碱基T,使编码蛋白序列第348位的脯氨酸(Pro)突变成亮氨酸(Leu)。该基因是已报道的水稻ygl1黄绿叶突变基因的等位基因。ygl80突变体在整个生育期都表现为黄绿叶,而ygl1突变体在苗期叶片黄化,中期慢慢转绿,后期叶色以及总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素的含量接近野生型,这可能是YGL1基因编码的叶绿素合酶蛋白的氨基酸不同突变位点造成的。     

Identification and fine mapping of a candidate gene for oil yellow leaf 2 conferring yellow leaf phenotype in maize

Leaf colour is an important agronomic trait for studying molecular mechanisms in chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development. Here, a novel mutant oil yellow leaf 2 (Oy2) with a typical yellow leaf phenotype at the seedling stage was identified from the mutant population derived from the maize inbred line RP125. Compared with wild type, Oy2 mutant displays decreased chlorophyll content, reduced photosynthetic capacity and impaired chloroplast structure, which is likely controlled by a single recessive gene. The Oy2 locus was then delimited into a 117 kb region on chromosome 5 harbouring four genes, amongst which the gene Zm00001d013013, encoding a magnesium chelatase subunit D, was identified as the only candidate gene associated with Oy2 mutant phenotype. Moreover, the expression levels of candidate gene Oy2 and genes associated with chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthesis were tested by RNA‐seq and qRT‐PCR, implying that the causal gene Oy2 playing a critical role in chlorophyll synthesis. Taken together, we propose that the causal gene Oy2 highly associated with the yellow leaf phenotype may be helpful in elucidating photosynthetic pigments biosynthesis and chloroplast development in maize.     

镉胁迫对矮生四季豆种子萌发和幼苗生长发育的影响

以水培法研究了不同浓度的Cd2＋溶液对四季豆种子萌发和幼苗生长发育的影响。结果表明：当Cd2＋浓度较低时,Cd2＋对种子萌发及幼苗生长发育毒害作用较小,一定浓度范围内（0.05～0.5mg/L）还有促生作用,高浓度Cd2＋(5～100mg/L)能严重抑制四季豆幼苗根及下胚轴的生长;Cd2＋胁迫对四季豆幼苗体内过氧化物酶 (POD),超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）,过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性存在低浓度激活和高浓度抑制的效应,且同一浓度的Cd2＋对四季豆幼苗POD、CAT活性的抑制作用表现为根系大于下胚轴,Cd2＋浓度＞0.5mg/L时,根系SOD活性大于下胚轴中的活性;Cd2＋胁迫下,四季豆下胚轴和根的丙二醛（MDA）含量增加,且根部含量大于下胚轴的量。