Temperature during grain ripening affects the ratio of type-II/type-I protein body and starch pasting properties of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The starch and protein properties of rice grain are important factors for sake brewing and these properties are reported to be influenced by temperatures during grain ripening. Amylose content, nitrogen content, protein composition, pasting properties measured by a Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA), and their relationship to temperatures during ripening were investigated in a rice cultivar, Yamadanishiki, which was grown under various conditions in the same experimental field. The average temperature after heading was significantly correlated with amylose content and RVA properties, but not with nitrogen content. Under high temperatures during ripening, a decrease in prolamin, which accumulated in type I protein body (PB-I), and an increase in glutelin, which deposits in type II PB (PB-II), were recognized. The ratio of PB-II/PB-I and RVA pasting temperatures were distinctly increased as the temperature became higher. High temperatures during grain ripening would lead to difficulties in digesting steamed rice grains by Aspergillus oryzae, together with ease in digesting rice protein. The average temperature of 11–20 days after heading showed a higher correlation coefficient than that of 1–10 or 21–30 days, implying that temperatures during the middle stage of grain development would be important in determining the rice component that relates to brewing properties.     

前期施氮对二系杂交水稻分蘖及其成穗的影响

水稻生长前期施氮量与单株分桑数的正相关极显著、与单株有效分美数的正相关显著．前期施氮水平高,则分前终止期延迟施氮水平对分醒始期的影响甚微分率是否有效,决定于分率抽出的时间,与施氮量无关前期施氮可以改善有效分美的稳粒性状,但随着施氮量的增加,分集中后期的无效分迅数显增加,分薛成穗率下降     

花期干旱胁迫对籼稻近等基因系水分和光合生理的影响

【Objective】An indica near-isogenic rice lines were treated with drought stress at flowering stage to study water and photosynthetic physiology changes of flag leaf. By analyzing the relationships among agronomic phenotype characters, water and photosynthetic physiology changes and fertility of rice, the authors try to accumulate data for drought tolerance evaluation of rice.【Method】The rice materials were suffered with drought stress begin from heading of main shoot for 15 days, water and photosynthetic physiology parameters were measured after treatment.【Result】The results showed that the indica near-isogenic rice represented various drought tolerance, and there was no correlation between drought tolerance and agronomic phenotype characters, neither with physiological activities of rice under well watered condition. However, under drought stress at flowering stage, the correlation coefficient between drought resistance indexes and changes of water content of flag leaf, water potential of flag leaf, stomatal conductance of flag leaf were 0.614**, 0.514** and 0.541**, respectively. This indicates that rice drought tolerance has a correlation with changes of water content, water potential and stomatal conductance. In addition, except the correlation coefficient between drought resistance indexes and changes of Fv/Fm of flag leaf (0.470*), there was no correlation between rice drought tolerance and photosynthetic physiology.【Conclusion】In summery, the changes of water physiology parameters could be used as indicators for screening rice with drought tolerance.     

辣椒果柄表面附生菌与贮藏期病害的关系

辣椒贮期病害的发生部位调查结果表明,贮期病害以果柄发病率最高,且发病早;并是辣椒果蒂病害的主要诱因;辣椒贮期不同病组织病原菌分离结果和辣椒果柄潜伏侵染菌与表面附生菌的分离结果表明,辣椒果柄表面附生性镰刀菌(Fusarium sp.)是辣椒贮期病害的主要病原菌;辣椒剪把贮藏1个月后的好果率为78.9％,而留把贮藏为25.7％。     

松花江（哈尔滨段）冰封期制糖废水污染区的微生物监测、水质评价及其与鱼类越冬的关系

本介绍哈尔滨制糖废水污染区的水质常规分析，有机污染几项指标分析、微生物的组成及水平、垂直分布，浮游植物、浮游动物组成及生物量变化，并对水质状况予以评价。结果表明，该区为有机污染区，其污染程度和排污口以下流程和自净程度相关，同时，也与江水水位及流量相关，水位越低污染程度越重，由于制糖废水的排放使原已污染的松花江水污染程度加重，溶解氧低于越冬鱼类正常生命活动的阈值，致使鱼类窒息死亡。     

陕西果业基地苹果花期冻害指数及预报方法

为了提高陕西果业防灾减灾能力,实现果业基地苹果花期冻害分区定量预报,根据果业基地县的生态环境、气候特点和果业生产水平,选择具有代表性的7个气象台站,利用近40a(1970-2009年)的气温和苹果部分物候监测资料,得到物理意义明确的苹果花期冻害指数计算模型。将花期冻害指数分为强、偏强、中等、偏弱和弱5个等级,依各果区花期冻害指数序列,用典型K阶自回归AR(K)预测模式进行独立样本预测试验,结果表明:预报准确或基本准确率为66.7%,该预报模式经2010年实际使用,预报效果尚好,具有实用价值。     

不同剂量的半胱胺对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能的影响

[目的]探讨不同添加剂量的半胱胺(CS)对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能及激素水平的影响,摸索最适添加剂量。[方法]选择来源相同,43周龄产蛋后期花凤鸡576只,随机分为6组(n=96),每组3个重复。即Ⅰ组(空白对照组)、Ⅱ组(CS:100mg/kg)、Ⅲ组(CS:150mg/kg)、Ⅳ组(CS:200mg/kg)、Ⅴ组(CS:250mg/kg)、Ⅵ组(CS:300mg/kg)。试验期为21d,分别在试验开始后的第1、8、15、22天采样,进行料蛋比、产蛋率、血清激素水平的检测。[结果]试验结果显示CS降低了产蛋后期蛋鸡的料蛋比、提高了产蛋率并缓解了雌激素水平的骤降。[结论]CS对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能及雌激素水平的降低具有一定的缓解作用。     

中耕深松节水技术研究

为了解决辽宁省西北地区春播时期干旱缺水导致墒情不够无法播种和出苗难的问题,在长期田间种植试验和调研的基础上,研制了1HS-2型中耕深松机。对深松机进行了田间性能试验,结果表明,该机结构合理,深松深度等性能指标符合农艺要求。2005和2006年,分别应用研制的中耕深松机在辽宁省阜新地区进行中耕深松试验,深松深度为20～25cm。在玉米收获期对深松后的土壤和未深松土壤的物理性质进行测试分析,测试结果证明:深松与未深松(CK)相比,耕层土壤含水量显著增加,土壤容重显著降低。     

临汾市沼气池冬季正常产气可行性探讨

针对山西省临汾市沼气池冬季少产气或不产气的现状,就沼气池防寒保温增温的可行性和沼气池越冬管理进行了研究,使沼气池实现全年产气,最大限度地发挥沼气池的各项效益。     

花铃期缺水对棉花生长发育及生理特性的影响

花铃期土壤相对含水量在60％以下时,棉花主茎平均日生长量和果节出现速率比不缺水的对照降低30％以上;土壤水分低于40％时,生长基本停止。随土壤缺水程度加剧,棉叶的光合速率(Pr)、水势(ψ_1)和蒸腾强度(Tr)呈直线下降,气孔阻力(r_s)呈指数曲线型增加。此期土壤水分适宜时,棉株的Pr为22.0mg千重/dm~2·h,ψ_1在-15巴以上,Tr约9.4μg/cm~2·s,r_s约2.3s/cm;严重缺水时,Pr、ψ_1和Tr均降低50～53％,r_s增加约54％。