银杏叶提取物对肉仔鸡十二指肠黏膜免疫的调节作用

【目的】研究银杏叶提取物(EGB)对肉仔鸡十二指肠黏膜的免疫调节作用。【方法】将360只1日龄健康AA肉用母雏鸡随机分成5组,每组6个重复,其中1组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;其余4组分别饲喂添加质量分数0.009%金霉素及0.15%,0.20%和0.25%EGB的日粮,试验期为42d。分别于21和42d取样,测定各组肉仔鸡十二指肠黏膜免疫球蛋白含量、黏膜免疫相关细胞数量和白细胞介素-2(IL-2)含量。【结果】日粮中添加质量分数0.20%,0.25%EGB可显著提高42日龄肉仔鸡十二指肠黏膜IgA、IgG、IgM含量(P<0.05),提高十二指肠上皮内淋巴细胞、肥大细胞、杯状细胞数量和IL-2含量(P<0.05),并且作用效果优于金霉素组(P<0.05)。【结论】日粮中添加质量分数0.20%或0.25%EGB,可增强肉仔鸡十二指肠黏膜免疫功能。     

不同基因型肉鸡十二指肠SGLT1和GLUT2 mRNA表达的发育性变化

选用遗传背景相同的1 d父母代雄性Arbor Acre (AA)和岭南黄肉雏鸡各120羽，饲养58 d，统计其生产性能并在不同时间采集十二指肠样品，采用相对定量RT-PCR方法研究不同基因型肉鸡在不同时期十二指肠钠葡萄糖共转运载体1(sodium/glucose cotransporter1, SGLT1) 和葡萄糖转运载体2(glucose transporter2, GLUT2) mRNA的表达丰度。结果显示： ①AA鸡每周平均日采食量(ADFI)和平均日增重(ADG)均显著高于黄羽肉鸡(P＜0.05)。②AA鸡和黄羽肉鸡SGLT1 mRNA表达，从2～30 d不断升高，44 d下降，55 d回升；不同基因型之间SGLT1 mRNA丰度比较，AA鸡均高于黄羽肉鸡，且在16和30 d差异显著(P＜0.05)。③AA鸡和黄羽肉鸡GLUT2 mRNA的表达在2～30 d呈现升高的趋势，且16和30 d均显著高于2 d(P＜0.05)；AA鸡44和58 d GLUT2 mRNA的表达显著低于16和30 d(P＜0.05), 而黄羽肉鸡GLUT2 mRNA的表达，58 d显著高于2、16和30 d(P＜0.05)；不同基因型之间GLUT2 mRNA丰度比较，16和30 d AA鸡显著高于黄羽肉鸡(P＜0.05)，58 d时黄羽肉鸡GLUT2 mRNA的表达显著高于AA鸡(P＜0.05)。以上结果说明，AA鸡生产性能显著高于黄羽肉鸡，营养水平的改变对动物生产性能有较大影响，AA鸡的反应比黄羽肉鸡更敏感; 不同基因型肉鸡十二指肠SGLT1 mRNA的表达具有相同的发育模式，且与生产性能的表现相一致；更换饲料下调SGLT1 mRNA的表达，提示调控SGLT1的表达，可以改善生产性能; 生长发育后期黄羽肉鸡GLUT2 mRNA的表达模式，是其有别于AA肉鸡的重要特征。     

Ultrasonography of the gastrointestinal tract of toco toucans (Ramphastos toco)

Baseline data for wall thickness in healthy toucans can be used to diagnose disease in sick individuals. This study aimed to evaluate the use of ultrasonography for the examination of the gastrointestinal tract of healthy toco toucans (Ramphastos toco). Ten non-anaesthetized healthy adult toco toucans were evaluated. Food was withheld for 3 h prior to the ultrasound examination. Longitudinal and transverse images of the gastrointestinal tract were obtained using ventromedian cranial and ventromedian caudal approaches to evaluate the morphology and stratification. The wall thickness of the sections was measured: proventriculus and ventriculus, duodenum, jejunum/ileum, and cloaca. Additionally, the thickness of the mucosal layer of the duodenum and jejunum/ileum was also measured. Subsequently, the ratios of the duodenal wall thickness to the duodenal mucosa layer and the total wall thickness of the jejunum/ileum to the jejunum/ileum layer mucosa were stablished. The wall thickness of the proventriculus was significantly higher than the wall thickness of ventriculus. The wall thickness of the duodenum was significantly higher than the wall thickness of jejunum/ileum. The mean ratios of the duodenal wall thickness to the duodenal mucosa layer and the wall thickness of the jejunum/ileum to the jejunum/ileum layer were 83.15% and 80.07%, respectively. In conclusion, it was possible to assess the stomach and intestines using ultrasound examination in healthy toco toucans, due to their medium body size and no interference by surrounding air sacs.     

父母代固始鸡十二指肠的发育形态学观察

应用大体解剖学和组织切片技术,对0～20周龄父母代固始鸡的十二指肠进行了发育形态学研究.结果表明,十二指肠的长度、体质量、周长和肠绒毛的长度、肠腺隐窝的深度、肠腺宽度及各肌层厚度等指标随周龄的增加而增长;十二指肠相对生长率、肠腺密度和十二指肠指数则呈下降趋势;肠绒毛有分支现象;淋巴组织的发育比较缓慢,到6周龄后才出现有淋巴小结;通过建立Logistic方程模型模拟十二指肠重量的生长变化,得到其生长方程:♂:Y=9.72/(1 15.3le-0.33t),♀:Y=8.29/(1 12.50e-0.31t).     

赖氨酸铜对仔猪生产性能及十二指肠、胰脏脂肪酶活性的影响

试验选用21日龄纯种大白仔猪70头，分为A、B、C、D、E5组，A组饲喂基础日粮（含铜15mg/kg)，B、C、D组在基础日粮中添加50、100、200mg/kg赖氨酸铜来源的Cu,E组在基础日粮中添加200mg/kg硫酸铜来源的Cu，试验期42d。结果表明：日粮添加不同水平的Cu可提高仔猪的日增质量，其中C、E两组与A组差异显著（P＜0．05），C组与D、E组差异不显著（P＞0．05）。与A组比较，E组十二指肠内容物脂肪酶活性显著提高（P＜0．05）。B、C、D组十二指肠、胰脏脂肪酶活性有提高趋势，但差异不显著（P＞0．05）。     

高铜与植酸对锌吸收的影响

试验用27只50日龄Wistar纯系雄性大鼠,采用体内原位结扎肠段灌注技术结合放射性同位素示踪技术,通过与氟化锌比较,研究了高铜、植酸对氨基酸螯合锌(以赖氨酸螯合锌和蛋氨酸螯合锌为代表)吸收的影响。试验中观察了在高铜、植酸条件下下,向结扎十二指肠灌注不同形态锌的灌注液后,不同时间点(5,15,30,60,90,120min)血液中^65Zn比放射性的动态变化;120min(试验结束)时结扎肠段^65Zn的消失率、不同组织器官中^65Zn的放射性。试验结果表明：高铜或植酸显著降低了氟化锌中锌的吸收,对氨基酸螯合锌中锌的吸收也有影响,但受影响程度比氯化锌小得多。     

堆型艾美耳球虫子孢子和鸡十二指肠上皮细胞的共同抗原的研究

以抗堆型艾美耳球虫子孢子的单抗EASP-3G3作为工具,对鸡各段消化道上皮细胞切片和子孢子进行免疫组化染色,并利用蛋白质印迹技术来检测单抗所识别子孢子可溶性抗原的分子量,来确定子孢子和十二指肠上皮细胞之间是否存在共同抗原。结果表明单抗只与十二指肠上皮细胞发生反应,而与其他肠段无染色反应。而且单抗所识别的可溶性抗原分子量为35~48 ku。抗子孢子的单抗同时与十二指肠上皮细胞和子孢子反应,而不与其他肠段反应,证明堆型艾美耳球虫寄生的位点特异性与十二指肠上皮细胞表面的某种抗原分子有内在的关系。     

Glycoconjugate Histochemistry in the Duodenum of Fetal and Adult Fallow Deer

This work aimed to characterize the complex carbohydrates in the duodenum of fetal and adult fallow deer. The proximal parts of the duodenum were removed from the intestine of 12- and 16-week-old fetuses and of adult fallow deer. Sections were assessed by conventional carbohydrate histochemistry combined with glycosidase digestions and treatment with KOH. During development, there was an increase in the acid carboxylated components of the glycoconjugates in goblet cells, while the duodenal glands expressed high quantities of sulphated glycoconjugates at the beginning of development but, in the adult, mainly secreted neutral and carboxylated glycoconjugates containing sialic acid. Sulphated components, probably represented by chondroitin sulphate B-like and heparan sulphate-like glycosaminoglycans may play a role in the morphofunctional differentiation of the duodenum.