GABA对小鼠离体十二指肠活动影响的研究

采用常规麦氏浴槽灌流法 ,研究了外源性γ -氨基丁酸 (GABA)及其类似物对离体小鼠十二指肠活动的影响 ,结果显示 :GABA明显抑制了离体小鼠十二指肠的自发活动 ,并明显存在剂量依赖性。GABAA 受体阻断剂印防己毒素和GABAB 受体激动剂巴氯芬均明显模拟此效应 ,增强阿托品对十二指肠的抑制作用 ,并逆转酚妥拉明对小鼠离体十二指肠的增强作用 ,所有的药物对肠段的活动频率均无影响。这些结果表明GABA对小鼠离体十二指肠的抑制作用是由GABAA 受体正性作用与GABAB 受体负性作用共同调节的 ,在生理状态下 ,以GABAB 受体的作用为主。GABAB 受体的这种作用可能是通过肠胆碱能系统介导来完成 ,也可能是独立的GABA能系统和 (或 )非胆碱能系统来完成 ,而与肾上腺素能系统无关     

IMAGING DIAGNOSIS—SPONTANEOUS INTRAMURAL CANINE DUODENAL HEMATOMA

A 9‐year‐old neutered female Pug with a 2‐week history of pancreatitis was presented for dyspnea, icterus, and intractable vomiting. Sonographically, the gallbladder, intrahepatic bile ducts, and common bile duct were distended. The pancreas was hypoechoic with hyperechoic peripancreatic fat. A mildly heterogeneous intramural mass was present in the muscularis layer of the descending duodenum. A presumptive diagnosis of pancreatitis and smooth muscle tumor of the duodenum leading to common bile duct obstruction was made. The dog died despite supportive care. Necropsy examination confirmed the presence of pancreatitis and an intramural duodenal hematoma.     

山羊十二指肠区食糜流量的测定

为了探讨反刍动物十二指肠区食糜流量和真胃排空的情况,选择装有永久性十二指肠体外吻合瘘管的健康山羊2只(雌雄各1只)进行测定,结果表明:山羊真胃内容物是断续而均匀地向小肠排出的,每5分钟:3.5次,:3.58次,排出量为::44.16ml,:44.33ml。十二指肠内食糜的流动是双向性的。酸性物质进入十二指肠后,能反射性地抑制真胃排空。     

Multimodality characterization of a noncommunicating congenital duodenal duplication cyst causing pyloric outflow obstruction in a young dog

A 10‐month‐old German Shepherd Dog presented for evaluation of intermittent vomiting. Abdominal radiographs revealed a marked right cranial mass effect. Initial differentials included abscess/cyst or less likely neoplasia from undetermined origin. On abdominal ultrasound the mass appeared cystic and thin walled. Computed tomography revealed a large cystic lesion originating from the pyloroduodenal junction causing pyloric outflow obstruction. A noncommunicating duodenal duplication cyst was found on exploratory laparotomy and further confirmed with histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Enteric duplication cyst should be considered as a differential in young dogs with gastrointestinal signs and a cystic abdominal mass detected with different imaging modalities.     

不同日粮对水牛复胃氮代谢的影响

选用２头装有长久性瘤胃瘘管和十二指肠瘘管的空怀水牛，比较研究舍饲稻草──混合精料（１期）与青刈草（２期）两种日粮条件下水牛复胃氮代谢的变化。结果表明：２期与１期比较，瘤胃液ｐＨ降低２．０２％（Ｐ＜０；０１），ＮＨ３－Ｎ提高２６６．９６％（Ｐ＜０．００１），微生物蛋白（ＭＣＰ）含量提高４８６．３６％（Ｐ＜０．００１）；昼夜十二指肠食糜ｐＨ增高２２．０６％（Ｐ＜０．００１），流量增加２３．３６％（Ｐ＞０．０５），总氮流量增高５２．０６％（Ｐ＜０．０５），非氨氮（ＮＡＮ）增加５３．３５％（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＭＣＰ氮增加１０１．８８％（Ｐ＜０．０１），饲料及内源性氮增加４４．２０％（Ｐ＜０．０５），ＮＨ３－Ｎ增加４７．６５％（Ｐ＞０．０５），尿素氮降低２３．３５％（Ｐ＞０．０５），昼夜食糜总氮流量与摄食总氮量之比下降１４．１３％（Ｐ＜０．００１），复胃有机物（ＯＭ）消化率提高２６．９０％（Ｐ＜０．０５），ＭＣＰ合成效率提高３４．８１％（Ｐ＞０．０５）。     

DUODENAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN THE NORMAL ADULT HORSE

Ultrasonography was used to evaluate the duodenum of 6 clinically normal horses. Examinations were performed in horses which each, alternatively, received diets of; 1) concentrates and hay, 2) hay only, or 3) after 36 hours of starvation. The duodenum was constantly visualized just ventral to the right kidney at the 16th and 17th intercostal spaces on a line joining the olecranon and tuber sacrale. Cranial to the 16th intercostal space visibility depended on thickness of interposing liver and lung field interference. Duodenal distensions, contractions and content are described. Starved horses had fewer contractions and distensions than horses on hay, or hay and concentrate diets but the difference was not significant. Duodenal wall thickness ranged from 3–4 mm. Ultrasonographically five layers, corresponding to the mucosal surface, mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propria and serosa, could be identified. A necropsy specimen of the duodenum was evaluated histologically and Ultrasonographically in a water bath for comparison.     

半胱胺对鸡十二指肠和脾脏中自细胞介素-2含量的影响

在口服2种剂量生长抑素耗竭剂半胱胺(CS-Ⅰ组、CS-Ⅱ组口服剂量分别为20、80mg／kg)的基础上，应用新城疫弱毒疫苗对鸡进行消化道粘膜免疫，采用放射性免疫分析法测定了鸡十二指肠和脾脏中白细胞介素-2(IL-2)的含量。结果表明，应用半胱胺首免后3周，CS-Ⅰ组十二指肠和脾脏中IL-2的含量比仅用新域疫弱毒疫苗免疫组显著增加(P＜0．05)；CS-Ⅰ组十二指肠中lL-2含量比仅用新城疫弱毒疫苗免疫组极显著增加(P＜0．01)；首免后4周，CS-Ⅰ组脾脏中IL-2含量比仅用新城疫弱毒疫苗免疫组显著增加(P＜0．05)；在十二指肠CS-Ⅰ组和CS-Ⅱ组IL-2含量比仅用新城疫弱毒疫苗免疫组均显著增加(P＜0．05)。由此可推测，生长抑素可抑制十二指肠和脾中IL-2的释放。应用生长抑素耗竭剂半胱胺可以促进十二指肠粘膜和脾脏中IL-2的释放，增强机体的粘膜免疫功能。     

饲喂不同蛋白水平日粮的牦牛瘤胃氮代谢与十二指肠各氮组分流量

采用瘘管手术方法对３头生长牦牛在饲喂代谢能ＭＥ均为９．６ＭＪ／ｋｇＤＭ,粗蛋白（ＣＰ）为８％和１２％的日粮时的复胃氮代谢与瘤胃、肠道消化代谢进行研究。试验结果表明,日粮ＣＰ水平升高后,生长牦牛瘤胃氨氮浓度由３．３升至５．９ｍｇ／１００ｍｌ（Ｐ＜０．０１）,瘤胃内氮的消失率由１．９％升到２１．１％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。瘤胃微生物蛋白质合成效率基本不变（平均６９．１ｇＣｐ／ｋｇＤＯＭ）;一昼夜进入十二指肠的食糜量及食糜干物质量基本不变;食糜总氮、氨氮及非氨氮量均显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０１）,其中非氨氮增加２０％：非氨氮中微生物氮的比例由４５％降至３９％（Ｐ＜０,０５）;日粮ＤＭ,ＯＭ,ＣＰ和ＡＤＦ整体消化率分别提高１２．９％、１３．４％、３４％和２２．３％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。日粮ＣＰ由８％升至１２％后,生长牦牛瘤胃ＴＶＦＡ中乙酸比例由５４％降至４３．５％（Ｐ＜０．０１）．丙酸比例由２４．８％升至２８．４％（Ｐ＜０．０５）,丁酸比例也由２１．１％增至２８．５％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。同时Ｃ２／Ｃ３比由２．１９降至１．５４（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

大剂量激光照射、免疫抑制剂及二者配合应用对大鼠全胰十二指肠移植的影响

用健康雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠制备糖尿病模型，以成功的模型大鼠作为受体，健康雄性大鼠为供体，行全胰十二指肠移植术。用移植成功大鼠进行大剂量激光照射、免疫抑制剂及二者配合抗移植排斥反应的实验，于术后隔天监测血糖、尿糖的变化，于术后７天及出现血糖、尿糖持续升高时采取移植胰脏，进行病理组织学观察，以了解排斥反应的发生与程度。结果表明，日剂量为３９．７２４５Ｊ／ｃｍ￣２的激光照射，可推迟排斥反应的发生时间、降低排斥反应发生程度及延长大鼠全胰十二指肠移植物的存活时间。３９．７２４５Ｊ／ｃｍ￣２的激光照射与８～５～３ｍｇ／ｋｇ／ｄａｙ的硫唑嘌呤（Ａｚａ）配合，上述作用更为显著，超过各单一使用的效果，且与环孢霉素Ａ（ＣｓＡ）的作用效果接近。并证实２５～２０～１５ｍｇ／ｋｇ／ｄａｙ的ＣｓＡ及１０～８～５ｍｇ／ｋｇ／ｄａｙ的Ａｚａ抗全胰十二指肠移植抗排斥反应效果明显。     

不同日龄乳鸽肠道CaBP-D28k基因表达的变化规律研究

为了解乳鸽肠道钙吸收规律,以满足乳鸽生产中钙的营养需要,试验将48对健康种鸽随机分为8个重复,每个重复6对,产蛋后由种鸽自然孵化和哺育乳鸽,在乳鸽7、14、21、28日龄时称量体重,平均体重分别为(120.27±31.37)g、(264.35±88.77)g、(399.22±75.04)g和(454.16±38.39)g,分别从每个重复选取1只体重适中的乳鸽,取其嗉囊内容物(鸽乳),并对其十二指肠和空肠肠段进行采样,测定鸽乳钙含量和肠道CaBP-D28k的相对表达量。结果表明:7日龄鸽乳钙含量显著低于21、28日龄鸽乳钙含量(P<0.01);7日龄时十二指肠和空肠中CaBP-D28k的表达量显著高于14、21、28日龄的表达量(P<0.01);且CaBP-D28k在7～28日龄乳鸽十二指肠的表达量显著高于在空肠的表达量(P<0.05)。由此可见:鸽乳的钙含量随着乳鸽日龄的增大而增加,乳鸽肠道CaBP-D28k基因表达量随着日龄增大而减少,十二指肠是鸽进行钙载体吸收的主要部位。