Polymorphisms of MEF2A Gene and its Relationship with Slaughter Traits in Sansui Duck

To understand the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism sites (SNPs) of myocyte enhancer factor 2A (MEF2A) gene and slaughter traits in Sansui duck, a total of 60 individuals of Sansui ducks were selected to investigate in this study, direct sequencing of PCR and PCR-SSCP methods were used on single nucleotide polymorphisms of MEF2A gene, and genetic effects of its on slaughter traits were analyzed.The results showed that two SNPs which include g.47915G>A and g.47918G>A of exon 11 were found in MEF2A gene, and the G/A mutation in the g.47915G>A SNP resulted in the change of codon from GAA to AAA, and the coding amino acid from Glu to Lys, and the G/A mutation in the g.47918G>A SNP resulted in the change of codon from GAT to AAT, and the coding amino acid from Asp to Asn.The result of association of SNPs with slaughter traits showed various results were as follows:g.47915G>A and g.47918G>A had affected the eviscerated percentage.This result revealed that the polymorphism of MEF2A gene had basilic influence on slaughter traits.     

临武鸭产蛋高峰期氯化钠需要量的研究

旨在研究不同钠和氯水平对产蛋高峰期临武鸭生产性能、蛋品质和血清生化指标的影响,并确定其适宜的食盐添加量。选取体重和产蛋率相近的30周龄临武鸭200只,随机分为5组,每组5个重复,每个重复为8只,采用单因素试验设计,分别饲喂食盐添加量为0%、0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4%日粮,预试期1周和正试期12周。结果表明:(1)不同饲粮食盐水平对产蛋率、平均蛋重和料蛋比未见显著影响(P0.05),但0.2%和0.3%食盐水平组平均日采食量显著高于0%和0.1%组(P0.05),0.3%组合格蛋率最大且显著高于0%和0.4%组(P0.05)。(2)各组间蛋形指数、蛋壳厚度、蛋白高度以及哈氏单位均无显著差异(P0.05);随钠和氯水平升高,蛋黄色泽呈上升趋势,而蛋黄比例呈下降趋势;0.2%组壳重比例显著高于0%、0.1%和0.4%组(P0.05)。(3)钠和氯水平对临武鸭血清中总胆固醇、甘油三酯、尿素氮、尿酸以及钠离子的影响差异均不显著(P0.05),但0.2%~0.4%食盐添加量时,血清中总蛋白、白蛋白、钾离子和氯离子浓度显著高于对照组(P0.05);对照组血清中钙离子浓度显著低于0.3%和0.4%组(P0.05)。(4)综合回归分析的结果,临武鸭机体对氯化钠的适用范围较宽,其产蛋高峰期推荐食盐添加量为0.21%~0.32%。     

连城白鸭与沔阳麻鸭胸肌转录组比较

为了解连城白鸭与沔阳麻鸭肉质的差异,本研究选择300日龄连城白鸭与沔阳麻鸭各3只母鸭,测定胸肌粗脂肪、肌苷酸含量,同时对胸肌组织进行转录组高通量测序筛选品种间的差异表达基因,并对其功能进行注释、KEGG通路分析,挑选部分基因进行荧光定量PCR验证。结果显示:2个品种胸肌转录组测序得到40.6 Gb Clean Data,各样品的Clean reads与北京鸭参考基因组的比对效率在68.65%~72.17%。共筛选2333个差异表达基因,其中连城白鸭显著高表达1060个,沔阳麻鸭显著高表达1273个。差异表达基因共富集到280条信号通路中,67条通路显著富集,其中多条通路和肌肉脂肪沉积、能量代谢以及各类物质代谢相关。ACDC、FABP4、AMPD1、MITF、MAOA和CSAD等差异表达基因可能对不同品种鸭特异的肉质风味形成产生影响。经qRT-PCR验证,测序结果可靠。连城白鸭与沔阳麻鸭胸肌转录组比较显示不同地方鸭品种肉质存在一定差异。     

Dietary Echinacea purpurea administration enhanced egg laying performance,serum lipid profile,antioxidant status and semen quality in duck breeders during summer season

This work investigated the outcomes of dietary administration of Echinacea purpurea (EP) powder to breeder ducks on productive and reproductive performance during summer season. Sudani ducks (320 birds) of 32-weeks-old (240 females and 80 males) were randomly allocated into four collections (body weight; 1850 ± 15.2 g for females and 2960.0 ± 40.5 g for males). The primary collection consumed the basal diet without supplementation and was deliberated as control. The other three collections were fed the basal diet supplemented with 2.5, 5.00 and 7.5 g EP/kg diet, correspondingly. Egg number and mass, laying rate, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were significantly changed by dietary EP levels. Drakes fed EP-supplemented diets had higher ejaculate volume, sperms concentration and live sperms (%) as well as lower dead sperms (%) than the control group. Eggs laid by ducks fed diet supplemented with 2.5 g/kg had the greatest fertility and hatchability percentages, followed by those fed 5.0 g EP/kg. Ducks fed different EP diets had higher values of haemoglobin, RBCs, WBCs and lymphocytes, lower values of heterophils percentage and lower H/L ratio than the control. All serum constituents were significantly changed by dietary EP supplementation, except of total protein and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) enzyme. Conclusively, dietary EP supplementation at 2.5 g/kg had beneficial effects on productive and reproductive performance as well as lipid profile and antioxidant status and economically valued in breeder ducks under summer conditions.     

中草药制剂对鸭生长性能、抗氧化及病毒性肝炎的保护作用

本研究旨在评估中草药制剂老鼠簕对感染鸭肝炎病毒肉鸭的生长性能、抗氧化及肝脏保护作用。选择平均初始体重为（48.63±0.06）g的肉鸭600只,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复30只。对照组肉鸭饲喂基础日粮（不处理）,试验组肉鸭注射0.15 mL/只鸭肝炎病毒B,分别饲喂基础日粮+0、40和80 mg/kg中草药制剂。结果：T1组肉鸭42 d体重、22～42 d日增重最低（P＜0.05）。与对照组相比,T1组肉鸭22～42 d饲料报酬显著降低1.5%（P＜0.05）,同时在整个试验阶段,T1组肉鸭饲料报酬较其他组分别显著降低8.33%、6.38%和6.38%（P＜0.05）。T1组肉鸭42 d血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性最低（P＜0.05）,但21和42 d血清丙二醛含量及肝脏谷草转氨酶（AST）和谷丙转氨酶（ALT）活性最高（P＜0.05）。对照组肉鸭肝脏无病变的样品数显著高于试验组（P＜0.05）,T2组肝脏处于轻微病变数显著高于其他组（P＜0.05）,而T1组肝脏处于严重病变的样品数最高（P＜0.05）。结论：日粮添加中草药制剂（老鼠簕）对肉鸭病毒性肝炎无抵抗作用,但其可以通过提高血清抗氧化酶活性,降低肝脏转氨酶、缓解病毒性肝炎所致的损伤作用。 [关键词]中草药|鸭|生长性能|抗氧化|病毒性肝炎     

Effect of hybrid rice varieties on growth and development of broilers and ducks

Three experiments (Exp. 1, n = 144 broilers [Ross × Ross]; Exp. 2, n = 118 mallard ducklings [Anas platyrhynchos]; and Exp. 3, n = 75 mature mallard ducks) were conducted to determine the effects of 3 levels of unmilled hybrid rice on growth performance and organ and gastrointestinal tract development. The dietary treatments were 1) corn-soybean meal (basal), 2) basal + 5% hybrid rice, and 3) basal + 10% hybrid rice for Exp. 1 to 3, respectively. One bird from each pen in Exp. 1 (n = 24) and all the birds in Exp. 2 (n = 118) and Exp. 3 (n = 75) were randomly selected and euthanized to determine linear measurements and organ and gastrointestinal tract weight. In Exp. 1 and 2, birds fed 10% rice experienced slower growth (P < 0.05) than birds fed the basal diet. In Exp. 3, the addition of rice did not affect growth performance. Rice addition did not affect organ length or weight (P > 0.05) in Exp. 1. However, birds fed 5% rice had significantly increased (P < 0.05) pancreas, ileum, and jejunum weights in Exp. 2, and 10% rice significantly increased (P < 0.05) liver weight in Exp. 3. The addition of 10% unmilled rice to broiler and duck diets may reduce growth performance.     

中国重点保护地方鸭品种资源的多样性分析

通过资源调查摸清了我国8个重点保护地方鸭品种(建昌鸭、攸县麻鸭、北京鸭、绍兴鸭、高邮鸭、连城白鸭、金定鸭、莆田黑鸭)的保种现状,并选用28个多态性较好的微卫星标记,对其进行了遗传多样性分析。结果显示,建昌鸭已经濒临灭绝,其他7个鸭品种均处于正常保种状态;28个微卫星位点的平均PIC为0.472,除APL23、APL79为中度多态外,其余26个微卫星均为高度多态;8个地方鸭品种中,有些品种有特异性片段和特异性缺失片段;群体平均杂合度建昌鸭最高(0.588),金定鸭最低(0.514)。8个地方鸭种被聚类为3个类群,类:攸县麻鸭、北京鸭和建昌鸭;类:绍兴鸭和高邮鸭;类:莆田黑鸭、金定鸭和连城白鸭。     

北京鸭IGF-1cDNA部分序列的克隆及其在胸肌组织表达的发育性变化

为探讨IGF-1基因对北京鸭胸肌发育的影响,试验克隆了北京鸭IGF-1 cDNA的部分序列,分析了其核苷酸及编码的氨基酸序列与其他物种的同源性,并检测了IGF-1 mRNA在不同日龄北京鸭胸肌中表达的发育性变化。结果表明,克隆的鸭IGF-1 cDNA部分序列长507 bp,编码168个氨基酸,核苷酸序列与鸡、家鸭、鹌鹑、火鸡、鸵鸟、人和猪的同源性分别为98％,99％,97％,98％,96％,84％和82％,编码的氨基酸序列与家鸭、鸡、火鸡、鹌鹑、人、挪威鼠和猪的同源性分别为99％,98％,97％,97％,84％,79％和84％。表明北京鸭与家鸭的亲缘关系最近,与鸡、鹌鹁、火鸡、鸵鸟也有较近的亲缘关系;北京鸭胸肌中IGF-1 mRNA表达丰度在7,14,21 日龄间和28, 35,42日龄间的差异均不显著(P>0．05),但28,35,42 日龄显著高于7,14,21日龄(P<0．05),说明在北京鸭胸肌发育较快的时期,IGF-1 mRNA表达量也较高,IGF-1 mRNA的表达量与胸肌的发育呈正相关。     

肉鸭肉鸡常用植物饲料TME的比较研究

选用肉鸭和肉鸡各 36 只,以 Sibbald“真代谢能(TME)”法测定了肉鸡和肉鸭谷物、饼粕和糠麸等三大类 18 种常用植物饲料的 TME。结果表明,玉米、大麦、燕麦、豆粕、菜籽饼、棉籽饼、花生饼、统糠、米糠、麦麸、曲洒糟、啤洒糟等几种饲料肉鸡肉鸭 TME 存在明显差异,而其中大部分饲料肉鸭的 TME 大于肉鸡。余下六种饲料,鸡鸭个体间变异而导致禽种间差异不显著,肉鸡肉鸭对不同种类饲料的能量利用有明显差异,同时还发现,随着纤维含量的增加,肉鸭比肉鸡具有更高的利用率。