中药治疗兔子大面积皮肤缺损的疗效

探究中药对兔子大面积皮肤缺损的治疗效果。本研究对1例流浪兔子腰荐部皮肤大面积缺损,在不借助抗生素控制感染的情况下,仅通过中药白芨膏外敷治疗,简便包扎,通过6~7周的精细护理,完全痊愈。结果显示,此方法操作简便,疗效确实,中药对该病治疗具有一定的优势,这为临床应用中药治疗此类疾病提供了科学依据。     

山药片红外联合热风干燥热质传递收缩模拟与品质

为了准确揭示山药片红外联合热风干燥传热传质机理,在考虑山药片收缩变形特性的基础上,通过有限元软件COMSOL6.1建立了“温度场-湿度场”多场耦合的山药片红外联合热风干燥传热传质模型。模拟研究基于山药片在不同温度（50、60、70 ℃）下收缩变形的传热传质,并通过试验进行验证。分析不同温度对山药片品质（色差、复水比、多糖和尿囊素含量）的影响。结果表明：1）山药片体积比随干燥温度的升高而增加,在干燥温度分别为50、60、70 ℃时,其值分别为34.55%、37.23%、39.04%。2）在干燥温度为50、60、70 ℃时,红外联合热风干燥收缩模型可准确预测山药片干燥过程中干燥温度和含水率,其决定系数R²分别为0.973、0.976、0.981和0.983、0.984、0.974。3）山药片外部温度升高,表面水分开始蒸发,形成水分梯度。随着干燥的继续,红外热量在山药片内部不断积累,导致内部温度升高,水分向外扩散,进而减小了内外水分梯度。随着干燥温度的升高,增加了山药片温度和湿度梯度,促进了热量和质量的传递,提高了水分迁移的速率。4）在60 ℃时,干燥品质最优,其色差为7.49、复水比为2.65 kg/kg、多糖含量为24.17 mg/g、尿囊素含量为2.66 μg/g。该模型为其他物料在红外联合热风干燥技术的模拟研究提供有益借鉴。     

不同干燥方式对红托竹荪干燥特性和品质的影响

为提高红托竹荪干燥品质并获得最佳干燥工艺,采用真空红外干燥（vacuum infrared drying,VID）、气流冲击干燥（air impingement drying,AID）、控湿干燥（moisture control drying,MCD）等不同干燥方式对红托竹荪进行对比研究,以热风干燥（hot air drying,HAD）作为对照组,研究不同干燥方式及温度对红托竹荪干燥品质的影响。试验结果表明不同干燥方式对竹荪宏观品质产生了显著影响,其中MCD可获得最小的色差?E和收缩率,AID则能够保证较高的复水比;干燥速率方面,MCD在前期能够获得较高的干燥速率,但后期干燥速率会放缓,而AID在整个干燥过程都具有较高的干燥速率,干燥时间较短;在成分保留上,MCD可以保留较高含量的多糖、三萜和黄酮,而采用VID可以有效保护多酚。单位能耗随干燥温度的升高明显降低,不同方式下VID的干燥能耗值整体偏大,MCD的单位能耗最低（18.82 kW·h/kg）。通过主成分分析法,上述干燥方式对红托竹荪综合评分后得到的结果排序为：MCD>AID>VID>HAD,MCD干燥方式中采...     

蒸汽烫漂与热风干燥箱流场优化设计及仿真

农产品的烫漂与干燥是农产品加工的关键技术。农产品蒸汽烫漂与热风干燥箱是集烫漂与干燥一体的新型农产品绿色保质低碳智能干燥技术装备。农产品蒸汽烫漂与热风干燥箱内部流场均匀性直接影响着农产品烫漂与干燥效果。为提高其内部速度均匀性与温湿度均匀性,同时减少冷凝现象发生,采用计算流体力学（computational fluid dynamics,CFD）方法建立蒸汽烫漂与热风干燥箱模型,对其送风方式和送风口数量进行研究。结果表明：侧送侧回的送风方式在速度场以及温湿度场的均匀性总体优于上送下回,能量利用系数提高约18%,箱内壁面冷凝面积小于上送下回。仿真研究表明,当送风口数量为4个时,箱内的温度场和相对湿度场均匀性更好,能量利用系数最高。试验表明,蒸汽烫漂与热风干燥箱的试验值和仿真值最大温度偏差为2.3℃,相对湿度误差不超过1.3%,误差在合理范围内,仿真结果可靠,研究结果可为农产品低碳智能干燥新技术的研究提供参考。     

芦荟真空冷冻干燥特性的试验研究

为提高芦荟冷冻干燥速率和品质,在通过物理的方法获得芦荟的共晶点温度的基础上,单因素试验研究干燥室压力、加热搁板温度、预冻速度和物料厚度对芦荟的含水量和冷冻干燥时间的影响。利用芦荟质量的模糊综合评判法,获得芦荟的冷冻干燥的较优工艺参数范围:芦荟切片厚度5～6mm,干燥室压力100～108Pa,加热搁板温度36～38℃,预冻速率-0.40～-0.45℃/min。     

银杏果热风干燥工艺参数响应面法优化

利用自制的热风干燥在线测试装置,对银杏果的热风干燥进行了试验研究,探讨了热风温度、热风速度及装载量对含水率、干燥速率的影响,通过响应面分析和逐步逼近法分析了热风温度、热风速度及装载量与干燥过程平均能耗、平均干燥速率、蛋白质保存率以及干燥后的感官品质之间的关系,建立了二次回归数学模型。并利用函数期望优化方法进行了多目标函数优化,确定了银杏果热风干燥的最佳工艺参数组合。结果表明,银杏果热风干燥过程中加速过程不明显,主要集中在恒速和降速的干燥阶段。其最佳工艺参数组合为:热风温度68℃、热风速度1.15 m/s、装载量15.58 kg/m2。此时平均能耗为11.86 kW.h/kg、平均干燥速率为9.77%/h、蛋白质保存率为90.30%、感官评分为8.57分。     

五味子热风干燥特性及数学模型

利用循环热风干燥装置对五味子热风干燥进行了研究,通过多种不同干燥条件的试验,获得五味子的干燥特性曲线。试验表明:在热风温度为60℃、热风风速为0.3m/s、铺料密度为15kg/m2时干燥效果较佳。通过对基于不同方程建立的3个干燥模型进行了比较,确立了基于Page方程的五味子热风干燥模型。该干燥模型可以为五味子热风干燥过程的设计和操作提供可靠的理论依据。     

Deficit irrigation based on drought tolerance and root signalling in potatoes and tomatoes

Agriculture is a big consumer of fresh water in competition with other sectors of the society. Within the EU-project SAFIR new water-saving irrigation strategies were developed based on pot, semi-field and field experiments with potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.), fresh tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and processing tomatoes as model plants. From the pot and semi-field experiments an ABA production model was developed for potatoes to optimize the ABA signalling; this was obtained by modelling the optimal level of soil drying for ABA production before re-irrigation in a crop growth model. The field irrigation guidelines were developed under temperate (Denmark), Mediterranean (Greece, Italy) and continental (Serbia, China) climatic conditions during summer. The field investigations on processing tomatoes were undertaken only in the Po valley (North Italy) on fine, textured soil. The investigations from several studies showed that gradual soil drying imposed by deficit irrigation (DI) or partial root zone drying irrigation (PRD) induced hydraulic and chemical signals from the root system resulting in partial stomatal closure, an increase in photosynthetic water use efficiency, and a slight reduction in top vegetative growth. Further PRD increased N-mineralization significantly beyond that from DI, causing a stay-green effect late in the growing season. In field potato and tomato experiments the water-saving irrigation strategies DI and PRD were able to save about 20-30% of the water used in fully irrigated plants. PRD increased marketable yield in potatoes significantly by 15% due to improved tuber size distribution. PRD increased antioxidant content significantly by approximately 10% in both potatoes and fresh tomatoes. Under a high temperature regime, full irrigation (FI) should be undertaken, as was clear from field observations in tomatoes. For tomatoes full irrigation should be undertaken for cooling effects when the night/day average temperature >26.5 °C or when air temperature >40 °C to avoid flower-dropping. The temperature threshold for potatoes is not clear. From three-year field drip irrigation experiments we found that under the establishment phase, both potatoes and tomatoes should be fully irrigated; however, during the later phases deficit irrigation might be applied as outlined below without causing significant yield reduction:

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Potatoes

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After the end of tuber initiation, DI or PRD is applied at 70% of FI. During the last 14 days of the growth period, DI or PRD is applied at 50% of FI.

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Fresh tomatoes

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From the moment the 1st truce is developed, DI is applied at 85-80% of FI for two weeks. In the middle period, DI or PRD is applied at 70% of FI. During the last 14 days of the growth period, DI or PRD is applied at 50% of FI.

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Processing tomatoes

°

From transplanting to fruit setting at 4th-5th cluster, the PRD and DI threshold for re-irrigation is when the plant-available soil water content (ASWC) equals 0.7 (soil water potential, Ψ_soil = −90 kPa). During the late fruit development/ripening stage, 10% of red fruits, the threshold for re-irrigation for DI is when ASWC = 0.5 (Ψ_soil = −185 kPa) and for PRD when ASWC (dry side) = 0.4 (Ψ_{soil, dry side} = −270 kPa).

The findings during the SAFIR project might be used as a framework for implementing water-saving deficit irrigation under different local soil and climatic conditions.     

新疆小白杏的太阳能干燥试验研究

作为取之不尽且对环境无污染的能源,太阳能在农业干燥方面有着广泛的用途。为此,利用自主研制的整体式太阳能果蔬干燥装置,进行了太阳能干燥试验,研究了在不同处理方式、温度和风速条件下小白杏的干燥特性,得出不同条件下的干燥特性曲线。水洗处理可提高卫生指标,切分处理可提高干燥速度,提高干燥箱内热空气温度,可显著提高干燥速率,但温度不宜超过85℃;风速为5.5m/s时对干燥速率的影响不显著。最优条件:温度65℃、风速为11.5m/s下,用32h可将小白杏的含水率从79%降低至18%。该项先进的设备和技术还可用于其他果蔬干燥。     

水稻干燥过程应力裂纹产生的机理研究

通过水稻干燥和缓苏过程中稻谷爆腰产生的玻璃化转变分析,确定稻谷在玻璃态下干燥时对爆腰增殖无影响。建议采用2种措施：一是使稻谷在玻璃态下干燥,抑制爆腰产生;二是使稻谷在较高温度下干燥一定时间后,给稻谷缓苏足够时间以降低内部水分梯度,使内部水分均匀,有效地降低稻谷裂纹率和提高产米率。