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The influence of rain and drought before, and air temperature during, weed control with hot water was studied in laboratory experiments on the test weed Sinapis alba (white mustard). The plants were grown in a greenhouse and treated outdoors. There was no difference in weed control effect when S. alba plants at the four‐leaf stage were treated at the air temperatures 7°C and 18°C. The effective energy dose for a 90% fresh weight reduction was 465 kJ m?2 for both air temperatures. Weed control of S. alba at the four‐ to six‐leaf stage in rainfall above the rainwater run‐off level increased the required effective energy dose by 20% (i.e. 120 kJ m?2) compared with dry plants. A short period of drought just before treatment on S. alba at the two‐ to four‐leaf stage increased the plant fresh weight reduction, which was 22% at low energy dose (190 kJ m?2) and 44% at high energy dose (360 kJ m?2). Hot water weed control should thus be carried out when the plants are drought stressed and avoided when the plants are wet. The air temperature seems to be of little importance in the range 7–18°C. 相似文献
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夏大豆成熟期害鼠防治指标的研究潘学锋(安徽省霍邱县植保站237400)刘同群(霍邱县城西湖乡农技站)摘要本文通过大田调查夏大豆田的害鼠发生种类及其密度与产量损失的关系,结果表明,沿淮地区夏大豆田的害鼠种类为黑线姬鼠、黑线仓鼠、褐家鼠、小家鼠等,其中以... 相似文献
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内蒙古旱作农区农业干旱灾害度初步研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
甄江红 《干旱区资源与环境》1997,11(2):93-98
本文通过对旱作农区旱灾的孕实环境、旱灾特征及灾情分析,提出了一种综合评价旱灾对农业生产危害程度的定量化方法,并在此基础上对旱作农区各旗(县)进行灾情分区,从而为抗旱减灾提供理论依据。 相似文献
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优质牦牛肉肉质的综合评价 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
冶成君 《青海畜牧兽医杂志》2004,34(4):18-19
2000-2002年对大通牛场40头6月龄不同性别的全哺乳牦牛的肉质进行了综合评价。对供试牦牛肌肉pH、嫩度、肌纤维细度、系水率、肉的贮存损失、肉的煮熟时间、熟肉率和烹饪损失率及肉色等进行了评价,分析了肌肉的化学成分,氨基酸及微量元素含量。结果表明该牦牛肉系水率强,肉的煮熟时间短,肉的贮存损失及烹饪损失较小,肌纤维较细,肉色深红。并具有蛋白质含量高,脂肪含量低及富含各种氨基酸的特点。 相似文献
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长期施肥条件下菜田—蔬菜生态系统变化的研究( Ⅳ) 蔬菜生态系统的变化 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
以2002 年设施番茄栽培为代表计算其N、P、K投入量与携出量之间的表观平衡状态, 其结果基本上和14.5 年后的土壤实测值与设施栽培本底值之间纵向比较的增长关系一致, 前者只能说明系统养分变化的趋势, 后者才是实际的养分盈亏状态, 养分盈亏主要取决于有机肥的施用与养分元素的供给。5个代表性处理模拟了蔬菜施肥的不同现状, 从土壤肥力及产量等方面的变化真实反映出各自的系统变化及发展趋势, 在本试验条件下以ANK施肥下的系统最优。对有机肥施用、化学肥料的配施以及测土施肥等问题进行了探讨。 相似文献
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Influence of the root endophyte Piriformospora indica on the plant water relations,gas exchange and growth of Chenopodium quinoa at limited water availability 下载免费PDF全文
S. Hussin W. Khalifa N. Geissler H.‐W. Koyro 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2017,203(5):373-384
This study aimed to evaluate the ability of Piriformospora indica to colonize the root of Chenopodium quinoa and to verify whether this endosymbiont can improve the growth, performance and drought resistance of this species. The study delivered, for the first time, evidence for successful colonization of P. indica in quinoa. Hence, pot experiment was conducted in the greenhouse, where inoculated and non‐inoculated plants were subjected to ample (40%–50% WHC) and deficit (15%–20%WHC) irrigation treatments. Drought adversely influenced the plant growth, leading to decline the total plant biomass by 74%. This was linked to an impaired photosynthetic activity (caused by lower gs and Ci/Ca ratio; stomatal limitation of photosynthesis) and a higher risk of ROS production (enhanced ETR/Agross ratio). P. indica colonization improved quinoa plant growth, with total biomass increased by 8% (controls) and 76% (drought‐stressed plants), confirming the growth‐promoting activity of P. indica. Fungal colonization seems to diminish drought‐induced growth hindrance, likely, through an improved water balance, reflected by the higher leaf ψw and gs. Additionally, stomatal limitation of photosynthesis was alleviated (indicated by enhanced Ci/Ca ratio and Anet), so that the threat of oxidative stress was minimized (decreased ETR/Agross). These results infer that symbiosis with P. indica could negate some of the detrimental effects of drought on quinoa growth, a highly desired feature, in particular at low water availability. 相似文献
30.
Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a drought‐tolerant crop, and its productivity in rain fed environments has increased since the 1950s. This increase is due to changes in agronomic practices and hybrid improvement. The objective of this study was to determine what aspects of grain sorghum morphology, physiology and water use have changed with hybrid improvement and might have contributed to this yield increase. A 2‐year greenhouse experiment was conducted with one hybrid from each of the past five decades. The hybrids were studied in well‐watered and pre‐ and post‐flowering water deficit conditions. Total water use, transpiration, stomatal conductance and photosynthesis were measured during the growing period. Biomass and biomass components were measured at harvest. There was no consistent change in the leaf physiological parameters resulting from hybrid advancement. In contrast, total water use increased in rate of 8.5 cm3 kg soil?1 year?1 from old to new hybrids in the well‐watered treatments. Root biomass also increased in rate of 0.2 g plant?1 year?1. Leaf biomass and panicle length also was greater for the newest compared with the older hybrids. Hybrid advancement was related to increase in panicle length but decrease in peduncle length. Results indicated that hybrid development programmes created hybrids with improved drought avoidance, due to better root density of newly released hybrids, or hybrids with better resource use which ultimately increased yield under rain fed conditions. 相似文献