新疆部分地区奶牛乳房炎大肠杆菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

[目的]为了解本地区奶牛乳房炎大肠杆菌的流行及耐药情况。[方法]对新疆部分地区奶牛乳房炎大肠杆菌进行分离培养、染色镜检、荧光PCR鉴定,并用纸片法对分离菌株开展药物敏感试验。[结果]从200 份奶牛乳房炎样品中分离出63 株大肠杆菌,分离率为31.5%。分离菌株对青霉素耐药率最高,达到了93.65%,对美罗培南敏感率最高,达到了98.14%,对其他抗生素均有不同程度的耐药。[结论]新疆部分地区奶牛乳房炎中大肠杆菌广泛流行,具有较高的耐药性。     

Genetic diversity,anti‐microbial resistance,plasmid profile and frequency of the Vi antigen in Salmonella Dublin strains isolated in Brazil

Salmonella Dublin is strongly adapted to cattle causing enteritis and/or systemic disease with high rates of mortality. However, it can be sporadically isolated from humans, usually causing serious disease, especially in patients with underlying chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to molecularly type S. Dublin strains isolated from humans and animals in Brazil to verify the diversity of these strains as well as to ascertain possible differences between strains isolated from humans and animals. Moreover, the presence of the capsular antigen Vi and the plasmid profile was characterized in addition to the anti‐microbial resistance against 15 drugs. For this reason, 113 S. Dublin strains isolated between 1983 and 2016 from humans (83) and animals (30) in Brazil were typed by PFGE and MLVA. The presence of the capsular antigen Vi was verified by PCR, and the phenotypic expression of the capsular antigen was determined serologically. Also, a plasmid analysis for each strain was carried out. The strains studied were divided into 35 different PFGE types and 89 MLVA‐types with a similarity of ≥80% and ≥17.5%, respectively. The plasmid sizes found ranged from 2 to >150 kb and none of the strains studied presented the capsular antigen Vi. Resistance or intermediate resistance was found in 23 strains (20.3%) that were resistant to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, imipenem, nalidixic acid, piperacillin, streptomycin and/or tetracycline. The majority of the S. Dublin strains studied and isolated over a 33‐year period may descend from a common subtype that has been contaminating humans and animals in Brazil and able to cause invasive disease even in the absence of the capsular antigen. The higher diversity of resistance phenotypes in human isolates, as compared with animal strains, may be a reflection of the different anti‐microbial treatments used to control S. Dublin infections in humans in Brazil.     

2年生桉树杂交种生长与抗风的遗传变异研究

 以２×１０的析因交配桉树杂交种为研究材料,杂种的母本为尾叶桉和细叶桉,父本为巨桉、粗皮桉、细叶桉和尾叶桉。对２７个月生杂交种的材积生长、抵抗风速为１８和４０ｍ／ｓ台风的抗风指数（ＷＲ１ 和ＷＲ２）的研究表明,材积生长在母本间差异不显著（犘＞０．０５）,但在父本间、母本与父本的交互作用间差异显著（犘＜０．０５）;ＷＲ１ 在父、母本间均存在显著差异（犘＜０．０５）,ＷＲ２ 只在父本间差异显著（犘＜０．０５）。在材积生长上,巨桉作为父本具有高的一般配合力,Ｔ１×Ｇ２、Ｕ１×Ｐ３具有高的特殊配合力;在抗风指数上,Ｇ１、Ｇ２和Ｐ２作为父本分别对ＷＲ１ 和ＷＲ２ 具有高的一般配合力。材积生长性状受加性基因和显性基因的控制,狭义和广义遗传力分别为０．１４～０．１７ 和０．３０～０．３６;抗风指数受加性基因控制,遗传力为０．１０～０．１１。以尾叶桉为母本的子代材积生长性状遗传力高于细叶桉母本的子代、抗风指数的遗传力高于细叶桉母本的子代;材积生长性状与ＷＲ１ 总体上呈显著正相关（犘＜０．０５）,与ＷＲ２ 呈显著负相关（犘＜０．０５）。     

草类对重金属胁迫的生理生化响应机制

随着我国工业化进程不断加快,作为工业化基本生产资料的重金属不断被释放到生物圈中,并通过食物链传递给动物或人,给人类健康带来严重危害。草类分布广泛,有一定的抵抗能力,一些草类甚至还具有重金属超富集能力,在生物修复中发挥重要作用。本文就重金属胁迫对草类种子萌发、根系活力和生物量方面的影响以及草类的抗性机制(脯氨酸、抗氧化酶系统、谷胱甘肽、隔离、菌根和水杨酸)等研究现状进行论述,并阐明草类对重金属镉、锌、铜、铬、铅和汞的富集效应及其耐性机制,以期为今后草类耐重金属胁迫品种的选育和耐重金属胁迫分子机制的研究,提供现实依据和理论基础。     

牧草抗旱性综合评价指标体系的AHP模型设计与应用的研究

在查阅大量牧草抗旱性鉴定指标研究资料的基础上,应用层次分析法（ＡＨＰ模型,ＡｎａｌｙｔｉｃＨｉｅｒ－ａｒｃｈｙＰｒｏｃｅｓｓ）理论,根据专家咨询系统的反馈信息,对所选择的６类抗旱性鉴定指标及其２１个指标变量,进行比较判断矩阵的构建和计算,定量确定了各指标变量在牧草抗旱性综合评价体系中的权重及重要程度次序。     

细菌耐药颉颃剂的研究现状及应用

作者介绍了具有颉颃细菌耐药性作用的物质的研究应用进展情况，包括灭活酶抑制剂、药物渗透促进剂、外输泵抑制剂、细菌生物被膜抑制剂、抗菌药物增强剂、耐药质粒消除剂等。     

天蚕素类抗菌肽抗菌性能测定及其性质研究

利用天蚕素类抗菌肽产品(有效成分为10%)检测其抗菌性能及各项抗菌性质,为今后将其应用于饲料工业打下基础。结果表明:该产品对于大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈分别为11mm、10mL、14.5mm,三者最小抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为4500ug/mL、3500μg/mL、3500μg/mL,此外,该产品耐热性和耐酸性效果较佳,在100℃水浴15min后或pH值为1.0仍表现出对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗性。据此试验,推荐其在试验动物日粮中添加量为3500μg/mL。     

Effect of Dietary Nonstructural Carbohydrate Content on Activation of 5′‐Adenosine Monophosphate‐Activated Protein Kinase in Liver,Skeletal Muscle,and Digital Laminae of Lean and Obese Ponies

Background

In EMS‐associated laminitis, laminar failure may occur in response to energy failure related to insulin resistance (IR) or to the effect of hyperinsulinemia on laminar tissue. 5′‐Adenosine‐monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a marker of tissue energy deprivation, which may occur in IR.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To characterize tissue AMPK regulation in ponies subjected to a dietary carbohydrate (CHO) challenge.

Animals

Twenty‐two mixed‐breed ponies.

Methods

Immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting for total AMPK and phospho(P)‐AMPK and RT‐qPCR for AMPK‐responsive genes were performed on laminar, liver, and skeletal muscle samples collected after a 7‐day feeding protocol in which ponies stratified on body condition score (BCS; obese or lean) were fed either a low‐CHO diet (ESC + starch, approximately 7% DM; n = 5 obese, 5 lean) or a high‐CHO diet (ESC + starch, approximately 42% DM; n = 6 obese, 6 lean).

Results

5′‐Adenosine‐monophosphate‐activated protein kinase was immunolocalized to laminar keratinocytes, dermal constituents, and hepatocytes. A high‐CHO diet resulted in significantly decreased laminar [P‐AMPK] in lean ponies (P = .03), but no changes in skeletal muscle (lean, P = .33; obese, P = .43) or liver (lean, P = .84; obese, P = .13) [P‐AMPK]. An inverse correlation existed between [blood glucose] and laminar [P‐AMPK] in obese ponies on a high‐CHO diet.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Laminar tissue exhibited a normal response to a high‐CHO diet (decreased [P‐AMPK]), whereas this response was not observed in liver and skeletal muscle in both lean (skeletal muscle, P = .33; liver, P = .84) and obese (skeletal muscle, P = .43; liver, P = .13) ponies.     

草坪草耐盐性研究 Ⅰ.不同草种和品种在盐胁迫下的抗逆性

用 5个盐分浓度对 2 6个 4周龄草坪草品种进行盐胁迫处理 ,结果证明 ,同一种的不同品种间耐盐力无显著差异 ,而不同草种间差异明显。高浓度 (2 .0 % )下所有草坪草均不能存活 ,而低浓度(0 .5% )下存活时间最长的为高羊茅和匍匐剪股颖。