1株纤维素分解菌的分离及其粗酶性质研究

为了寻找优良的纤维素分解茵,采用刚果红纤维素培养基对从河北省昌黎果树产区和河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所试验园采集的土壤样品进行筛选,并通过进一步的选择培养和筛选试验对筛选菌株的酶活性进行了比较。结果表明：从试验土壤样品中共筛选到分解纤维素的菌株30株,其中5株菌株（F33、F38、1746、F15和F3）的透明圈直径较大,分解能力较强。尤其以菌株F33分解纤维素能力最强,该菌株耐碱性好,在温度为20～37℃、pH值为7．0～9．0时均能正常生长,根据菌落形态与显微特征初步推断属于链霉菌属（Streotomvces）。     

研究土壤微生物多样性的PCR条件优化(英文)

[目的]对PCR-DGGE法的试验条件进行优化,以更好地分析土壤微生物遗传多样性。[方法]改良高盐法提取土壤DNA,改进引物设计,改变PCR反应过程中退火温度、扩增体系,比较PCR扩增结果。[结果]经过改良的高盐法提取的土壤微生物DNA效果更好。PCR扩增选择20μl体系条带单一,易于操作。退火温度选择在55℃时无非特异性扩增,35个循环次数易于后续DGGE分析。[结论]已经优化的PCR基因扩增体系特异性高且稳定可靠。     

赣江峡江至南昌段鱼类资源现状

为了解赣江中下游的鱼类资源现状,在2009年6月至2010年6月,分别于丰水期、平水期和枯水期对赣江峡江至南昌段的干流及2条支流共10个点的鱼类资源进行了3次调查。调查结果表明,该流域内共发现记录鱼类90种(亚种),隶属6目16科60属,以鲤形目为主,鲶形目与鲈形目的居中,鲱形目、合鳃鱼目和颌针鱼目极少;且优势种类主要为鲤(Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus)、鲫(Carassiu auratus)、黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco Richardson),江湖洄游性鱼类(如青鱼Mylopharyngodon piceus、草鱼Ctenopharyngodon idellus、鲢Hypophthalmichthys molitrix、鳙Aristichthys nobilis等)数量大量减少,而一些江海洄游性鱼类和珍稀鱼类(如中华鲟Acipenser sinensis、鯮Luciobrama macrocephalalus、鲥Macrura reevesii等)在此次调查中没有发现。与历史资料相比,赣江峡江至南昌段水域的鱼类种类组成变化较大,资源量明显降低,小型化趋势明显。     

Developing an airborne laser scanning dominant height model from a countrywide scanning survey and national forest inventory data

Abstract

An airborne laser scanning (ALS) dominant height model was developed based on data from a national scanning survey with the aim of developing a digital terrain model (DTM) for Denmark. Data obtained in the ongoing Danish national forest inventory (NFI) were used as reference data. The data comprised a total of 2072 measurements of dominant height on NFI sample plots inventoried in 2006–2007 and their corresponding ALS data. The dominant height model included four variables derived from the ALS point cloud distribution. The variables were related to canopy height, canopy density and species composition on individual plots. The RMSE of the final model was 2.25 m and the model explained 93.9% of the variation (R ²). The model was successful in predicting dominant height across a wide range of forest tree species, stand heights, stand densities, canopy cover and growing conditions. The study demonstrated how low-density ALS data obtained in a survey not specifically aimed at forest applications may be used for obtaining biophysical forest properties such as dominant height, thereby reducing the overall forest inventory costs.     

不同水平膨化血粉对生长鹅生产性能及盲肠微生物菌群的影响

为了研究不同水平膨化血粉对生长鹅生长性能及盲肠微生物菌群的影响,试验选择300只28日龄、体重为(1 142.68±50.64)g的豁眼鹅,随机分为3组(日粮中分别添加1.5%、3.0%、4.5%的膨化血粉),每组设5个重复,每个重复20只鹅,进行为期28 d的饲养试验。结果表明:不同水平的膨化血粉对生长鹅的生长性能有显著的影响,3.0%膨化血粉组的平均日增重、平均日采食量显著高于膨化血粉4.5%组、膨化血粉1.5%组;在料重比方面,3.0%膨化血粉组显著低于其他两组。在3种不同水平的膨化血粉处理中,3.0%膨化血粉组乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌的数量显著高于其他组,而大肠杆菌的数量却最低;1.5%膨化血粉组乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌的数量均低于其他组,而大肠杆菌的数量在3种处理中最高。说明在生长鹅的基础日粮中添加3.0%膨化血粉具有较好的应用效果。     

福安市马尾松林分密度效应的研究

运用随机抽样法抽取马尾松成熟林分50个小班,调查胸径、树高、单位蓄积量及密度等测树因子,运用回归分析法进行测树因子相关性分析,结果表明,林分蓄积量对于密度、胸径、树高之间存在显著线性关系,其相关性数学模型可用三元线性回归方程y=b0+b1x1+b2x2+b3x3表示,其中,密度是影响林分蓄积量的主导因素。相关性变化趋势分析表明,在兼顾林分产量和林木径级的情况下,合理保留密度每667 m2为105株。     

东莞大岭山村边自然次生林群落物种组成特征及其对区域物种库的贡献

对东莞大岭山村边自然次生林（俗称“风水林”）调查表明,群落组成种类复杂并富于热带性,1hm^2样地内共有维管束植物111种,隶属56科89属,其中以木本植物占绝对优势,有67种,占60．36％;群落中种子植物属为热带分布的共有74属,占总属数的92．5％。群落乔木可分三层,以越南山龙眼为主,其在各层的重要值分别为117．12％,129．44％和57．41％;灌木层以罗伞树和九节等为主;草本层植物以乔灌木小苗为主,草本植物仅沿阶草、海芋和半边旗等少数种类。群落木本植物的科、属、种对区域物种库的贡献率较大,分别为37．7％,25．6％和22．5％,以藤本植物的贡献率最高,接近50％,乔灌植物的贡献率也在20％左右．与鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林比较．两者物种组成结构相似．但组成种娄仍有一定差距．     

作物定位轮作体系长期试验研究(Ⅲ)--轮作与连作对土壤微生物数量的影响

1997～2002年在东北农业大学校内农学试验田进行了作物定位轮作的长期试验研究,1997年对土壤微生物数量进行了测定,以探讨轮作与连作对土壤微生物数量的影响。研究表明,土壤细菌和放线菌在前期数量较低,在生育盛期和成熟期较高,土壤真菌数量在前期呈现较高的水平,后期数量反而较低;大豆对各类土壤微生物的繁衍均有一定的促进作用,这种促进作用在作物生育中后期才有表现;玉米连作使土壤微生物数量略有减少;小麦连作更有利于土壤微生物的繁衍。大豆田土壤微生物的数量变化与大豆生长发育状况相关性不明显。     

Development of site index curves for Pinus kesiya in the Philippines

This study was conducted to develop a height–age growth model and site index curves for site quality evaluation of old secondary-growth stands of Pinus kesiya in the northern Philippines. The Chapman-Richards growth function was used in the guide curve method to generate anamorphic site index curves for this species. In order to evaluate the developed model, coefficient of determination (R ² ), root mean square error (RMSE), bias (ē), absolute mean difference (AMD) and mean percent bias (MPB) were used as statistical criteria. The Chapman-Richards model explained about 96.84% of the total variation of the dominant height. The value of ē was ?0.004 m, AMD was 2.566 m, MPB was 3.88% and RMSE was 3.331. The site index curves developed as a result of this study are significant for forest managers in predicting the growth patterns and classification of site productivities for Pinus kesiya stands.     

Nutrient Dynamics

Summary

Environmental concerns currently trigger the development of more sustainable soil fertility management strategies. It appears that effective sustainable practices are those that enhance natural soil processes. Soil processes include the decomposition of residues and mineralization of organic matter, nitrogen fixation, nitrification, nitrate leaching, denitrification and sulfur reduction. Natural soil processes also include less well-understood interactions, namely, those leading to the dissolution of minerals by organic acids, as well as rhizospheric and mycorrhizospheric interactions. Plants, associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal symbionts, supply and distribute carbon and energy, sustaining most of the biotic mechanisms responsible for nutrient release from soil, and maintaining organic pools of nutrients. Among these pools, the microbial biomass and fine roots pools, with their very fast turnover time, are particularly important as they can maintain large amounts of nutrients in very labile form and, therefore, increase soil fertility. Agricultural soil systems are very dynamic and are characterized by large spatial and temporal variations, which are largely driven by plant development. In addition, nutrient dynamics in agricultural soil systems seem particularly influenced by temperature, moisture, and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization. Nitrogen losses from soil are reduced in systems where nitrogen release corresponds to plant demand. Biological nitrogen fixation is a sound way to input nitrogen in cropping systems. Phosphorus losses can be reduced through increased reliance on the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis of crops. Soils are diverse and complex systems, which, furthermore, respond to increasingly unpredictable climatic variations. Optimal agricultural soil management is a moving target and, hence, a challenging goal that will never be totally reached.