中国裸身虾虎鱼属(Gymnogobius)一新种(鲈形目：虾虎鱼科)

以头部感觉管孔及颊部感觉乳突的排列规律为主要分类依据,综合形态特征,研究了采自浙江省舟山岛河溪的裸身虾虎鱼属(Gymnogobius)的一新种：舟山裸身虾虎鱼Gymnogobius zhoushanensis sp. nov. 。新种的形态特征及性状与产于浙江省苍南县的横带裸身虾虎鱼 Gymnogobius transversefasciatus (Wu & Zhou, 1990)十分相似,头部均具4个感觉管孔 (C,D,F,G),颊部具1条眼下感觉乳突线(L2),3条水平状的纵行感觉乳突线(L3, L4, L5)。但该新种具有口小,上颌骨后端仅伸达眼前缘的下方;纵列鳞、横列鳞和背鳍前鳞较少;头部密具许多小黑点的特征。 关键词： 虾虎鱼科;裸身虾虎鱼属;新种;舟山     

Mesohabitat associations of the threatened San Marcos salamander (Eurycea nana) across its geographic range

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温州南部沿岸海域鱼类群落特征及其与环境因子的关系

根据2015年春季(5月)和秋季(9月)温州南部沿岸海域渔业资源调查数据,利用物种多样性指数、多元分析及其典范对应分析等方法,对该海域鱼类种类组成、多样性和群落与环境因子间的关系进行了分析。结果表明:温州南部沿岸海域共鉴定鱼类47种,隶属于9目27科41属,主要以暖水性和暖温性为主,鲈形目(Perciformes)种类最多,共26种;其次为鲱形目(Clupeiformes),共6种;再次为形目(Tetraodontiformes),共4种。春季,优势种依次为日本鳀(Engraulis japonicas)、镰鲳(Pampus echinogaster)、六丝矛尾虾虎鱼(Amblychaeturichthys hexanema)和棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lucidus),其渔获量占总渔获量的49.3%;秋季,优势种为龙头鱼(Harpodon nehereus)、棘头梅童鱼和六指马鲅(Polynemus sextarius),占总渔获量的50.8%。日本鳀、蓝圆鲹(Decapterus maruadsi)、刺鲳(Psenopsis anomala)、龙头鱼、鳓(Ilisha elongata)和六指马鲅等是各季节各站位组的典型种及造成不同站位组间群落差异的主要分歧种。此外,组内的典型种一定程度上是组间的分歧种和群落的优势种。经Pearson分析,Margalef种类丰富度指数(D)和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')与溶解氧呈极显著正相关,而与盐度和温度均呈显著正相关。通过典范对应分析(CCA)得出,影响鱼类群落的主要环境因子为酸碱度p H、水深和盐度。     

Effects of genetically modified and non‐genetically modified soybeans with different heat treatments on growth and health of Cyprinidae species with different feeding habits

An 8‐week growth trial was conducted to investigate the effects of non‐genetically modified (nGM) soybean (Youchun 06‐1) and genetically modified (GM) soybean (Roundup Ready^®) with and without a heat treatment on the growth and health of three Cyprinidae species with different feeding habits (grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus, gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio, and black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus; body weight: 283.0 ± 2.0 g, 60.5 ± 0.7 g, and 261.4 ± 3.1 g). Five diets (FM, nGMS, hnGMS, GMS, and hGMS) were made with fishmeal and full‐fat soybean (Youchun 06‐1, heat‐treated Youchun 06‐1, Roundup Ready^®, and heat‐treated Roundup Ready^®). The FM diet contained fishmeal as the sole protein source. The experimental diets contained full‐fat soybean meal as 60% of dietary protein. Both temperature (60, 80, 100, and 120°C) and duration (1 and 2 hr) of heating influenced trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA) and protein solubility of nGM soybean and GM soybean. The TIA in GM soybean was higher than that in nGM soybean. After heating at 120°C for 2 hr, each amino acid of soybean treatment showed a slight decline. Neither source of soybean nor heat treatment affected the growth performance, feed utilization, chemical composition of the whole fish body and muscle, and lipase or amylase activity of the three Cyprinidae species (p > 0.05). Heat treatment of soybean meal slightly increased the plasma antioxidant capacity of the three fish and plasma cholecystokinin of black carp and grass carp. The unheated soybean treatment adversely affected the height and density of black carp intestinal villi, and all the soybean treatments caused disruption of the grass carp intestinal epithelium.     

黄河干流陕西段鱼类种类组成及群落多样性

为了解黄河陕西段鱼类种类组成及群落结构,2013-2015年调查了黄河陕西段鱼类资源。结果显示:黄河陕西段有鱼类7目15科58种,其中鲤科鱼类最多为36种,占总种类数的61.1%,较20世纪80年代减少了6种。优势种有4种,数量占渔获物总数量50.3%,生物量占65.8%。分析渔获物组成和群落多样性,黄河陕西段鱼类年龄、个体规格小型化趋势明显,不同河段鱼类群落存在明显空间差异,府谷段多样性指数最高,群落结构稳定,港口段丰富度指数最高,资源种类较多,港口和壶口的鱼类群落结构没有相似性。     

新疆阿勒泰地区不同水体浮游生物种群特点的初步研究

１９８６—１９８９年调查了新疆阿勒泰地区３０处不同水体的浮游生物。浮游植物以硅藻为主，占５９．２％，浮游植物季节变化呈单峰型。湖泊、水库、坑塘和河流的浮游植物生物量分别为４．３５９ｍｇ／Ｌ、２．７０６ｍｇ／Ｌ、６．２３１ｍｇ／Ｌ和１．９７６ｍｇ／Ｌ，浮游动物生物量分别为３．３２ｍｇ／Ｌ、３．７７３ｍｇ／Ｌ、１．８５９ｍｇ／Ｌ和０．５４４ｍｇ／Ｌ。全区湖泊、水库、坑塘浮游生物产量为９９０９６．７１Ｔ，鱼产潜力４３９８２．４Ｔ。讨论了水体营养类型的划分和渔业利用问题。     

长兴岛沿岸春季和夏季的浮游动物群落结构

2005年8月(夏季)的大、小潮期间和2006年3月(春季)的大、小潮期间对长兴岛沿岸进行了4个航次的浮游生物调查,共检出浮游动物47种,其中春季32种,夏季44种。浮游动物的优势类群为桡足类和浮游幼虫。小拟哲水蚤、双毛纺锤水蚤、拟长腹剑水蚤、无节幼虫为春季优势种。小拟哲水蚤、双毛纺锤水蚤、近缘大眼剑水蚤、桡足类幼体、太平洋纺锤水蚤为夏季优势种。春季浮游动物的丰度、生物量及种类数均低于夏季。小潮期间浮游动物的丰度、生物量高于大潮期间。浮游动物的丰度、生物量及优势种受潮周期的影响。北部沿岸和南部沿岸浮游动物丰度、生物量较高。小型桡足类在长兴岛沿岸浮游动物群落结构中扮演重要角色,长兴岛沿岸浮游动物群落结构较为成熟稳定。     

Identification of ommastrephid squid paralarvae collected in northern Hawaiian waters and phylogenetic implications for the family Ommastrephidae using mtDNA analysis

ABSTRACT:   A total of 110 adult individuals from four ommastrephid (family Ommastrephidae) squid species ( Ommastrephes bartramii, Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis, Eucleoteuthis luminosa, and Hyaloteuthis pelagica ) were used to obtain diagnostic DNA markers for species identification. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of a partial segment (855 bp) of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed that the restriction profiles of two endonucleases ( Alu  I and Tsp 509 I) were diagnostic for species identification. The restriction assay partially supplemented with nucleotide sequence analysis successfully assigned 69 damaged and morphologically equivocal ommastrephid paralarvae collected in northern Hawaiian waters, identifying 60 O. bartramii , eight S. oualaniensis , and one E. luminosa . The family Ommastrephidae appears to be monophyletic. Although the phylogenetic relationships among genera were not resolved well due to apparent homoplasy and large genetic divergence between species, COI sequence data without transitions provided support for subfamily level relationships.     

Breaking the ice: the introduction of biofouling organisms to Antarctica on vessel hulls

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南沙群岛海域春、秋季浮游介形类生态学特征

为了解南沙群岛海域春、秋季浮游介形类生态学特征,根据2013年春季(3月中旬至4月初)及秋季(9月)在南沙群岛开展的两个航次生态环境综合调查资料,对该海域浮游介形类生态学特征进行分析研究。结果显示:(1)南沙群岛海域浮游介形类物种组成较为丰富,记录 45种隶属于2科、4亚科、19属。其中,春季有21种,秋季38种,两季均出现的共有种有14个;(2)春、秋两季浮游介形类优势种差异明显,春季优势种组成较为单一,数量低,主要生态类群为外海暖水类群和广温暖水类群,秋季优势种组成较为复杂,数量多,主要为外海暖水类群。春季优势种由后圆真浮萤、葱萤、尖头毛浮萤组成,秋季由纳米海萤、双叉真浮萤、刺喙葱萤、短形小浮萤、粗大后浮萤组成。研究表明:(1)春秋两季浮游介形类密度差异显著,密度分布不均,局部区域密度较高,与该海域局部环流密切相关;(2)浮游介形类两季平均丰富度、多样性指数和均匀度分别为0.59、1.37和0.55,秋季高于春季;(3)春季及秋季均分为岛礁群落和外海群落,群落分布随洋流改变呈季节性变化;(4)受季风影响的大环流及局部环流是浮游介形类种类组成、数量分布及多样性呈明显季节差异的主要因素。