Seroprevalence of Hepatitis E Virus in Domestic Pigs and Wild Boars in Switzerland

Hepatitis E is considered an emerging human viral disease in industrialized countries. Studies from Switzerland report a human seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) of 2.6–21%, a range lower than in adjacent European countries. The aim of this study was to determine whether HEV seroprevalence in domestic pigs and wild boars is also lower in Switzerland and whether it is increasing and thus indicating that this zoonotic viral infection is emerging. Serum samples collected from 2,001 pigs in 2006 and 2011 and from 303 wild boars from 2008 to 2012 were analysed by ELISA for the presence of HEV‐specific antibodies. Overall HEV seroprevalence was 58.1% in domestic pigs and 12.5% in wild boars. Prevalence in domestic pigs was significantly higher in 2006 than in 2011. In conclusion, HEV seroprevalence in domestic pigs and wild boars in Switzerland is comparable with the seroprevalence in other countries and not increasing. Therefore, prevalence of HEV in humans must be related to other factors than prevalence in pigs or wild boars.     

农村生活污水净化景观潜流池设计

根据农村每户每日污水产生量以及农村生活污水污染的成因和主要组成成分,提出了农村生活污水的治理思路;叙述了污水净化景观潜流池及其净水流程的设计方法,指出了适宜于潜流池生长的水生植物。     

村镇生活垃圾减量化管理机制研究——以对浙江省安吉县的调研为例

伴随着生活水平的提高和人口规模的不断增长,生活垃圾的产量也在持续快速增长,其组成和结构日趋复杂,越来越难以处理。作为垃圾处理原则之一,减量化是垃圾管理的基本要求,是降低垃圾对环境危害的最终手段。相对于资源化和无害化,减量化是上策。对安吉县12个乡镇居民进行生活垃圾分类投放与循环利用认知和行为情况进行调查,基于调查数据分析得出,目前安吉县乡镇居民环保教育程度较高,但由于主客观因素的影响,经常进行生活垃圾循环利用的人数不多。建议在现有管理机制上,采用电视、网络和村委宣传等居民接触最频繁和最认可的渠道,对调查中发现的主要妨碍因素有针对性地进行教育和宣传,促进居民自发、自觉、自主进行减量化,进而形成长效机制;同时,鼓励和引导非政府组织积极参与生活垃圾减量化工作。     

微量元素─氨基酸螯合物及其在畜禽饲养中的应用

综述了微量元素氨基酸螯合物的化学生物学特性及其在畜禽饲养中的应用效应。     

犬卵巢卵母细胞体外成熟的研究

从屠宰母犬卵巢获取的卵母细胞,用含有FSH和LH的TCM—199培养基培养24～48h后,卵丘卵母细胞复合体(COC)表现扩展,生发泡(GV)破裂(GThD),且COC的扩展率和GVBD率随着培养时间的延长而逐渐升高.超微结构观察,卵母细胞体外成熟培养后,其胞质内线粒体、皮质颗粒等迁移到皮质区;高尔基复合体减少或消失,颗粒细胞和卵母细胞间的间隙连接消失.     

胶体染料试纸条法快速诊断家畜血吸虫病的研究

为了适应现场家畜血吸虫病的筛查需要,设计了简便快速的胶体染料试纸条诊断技术用于检测家畜血清中的抗血吸虫抗体,以该方法检测血吸虫病牛、猪血清83份,其结果为阳性检出率100%,健康牛、猪血清73份的检测结果为阴性符合率分别为95.3%和94.0%,与感染肝片形吸虫的牛、羊血清16份的交叉反应率为18.8%.表明本方法敏感性高,特异性较强.     

家鹑与野生日本鸣鹑群体微卫星DNA标记的遗传学分析

选择10个微卫星标记位点，合成引物对微山湖野生日本鸣鹑和家鹌鹑各40只进行PCR扩增，变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测分型，并对其品种内和品种间的遗传变异进行群体遗传学分析，从分子水平上揭示这两个鹌鹁群体的遗传结构关系、亲缘关系和遗传分化程度，为鹌鹑的遗传资源研究提供新资料。     

Tourism

The development of tourism in New Zealand during the 1990s reflects an intensification of many of the trends that were beginning to emerge in the latter part of the preceding decade, notably in terms of growth and change. The environment for tourism in the 1990s, however, was more fluid and challenging than it had been earlier. Growth continued, despite some major perturbations due to such factors as the Asian economic crisis. The industry proved its resilience and ability to adapt to changing conditions, institutional restructuring occurred and tourism in New Zealand generally became more diverse and complex. Increasing attention, but not much action, was directed at some of the externalities that the growth of tourism was generating.     

杂种野猪宰后肌肉品质特性的研究

猪的品种是影响猪肉食用品质的最主要因素,而猪肉的化学组成成分和宰后生理生化变化则是肌肉品质形成的基础。针对杂种野猪和本地白猪两种不同的品种猪在相同条件下饲养和屠宰,研究了宰后肌肉的色泽红度a值、pH值、嫩度(剪切力)和蒸煮损失的变化情况。试验表明,杂种野猪肉红度较深且保持时间长,pH值高,嫩度差,蒸煮损失少。     

生活污水灌溉对茄子生长效应的影响

对生活污水经过处理后以黄河水作对照进行茄子灌溉试验,试验结果表明,生活污水灌溉可改善土壤结构,提高土壤肥力,使茄子总根数增加12 %,根长增长13 %,增产60 %,增加收入5.85万元/hm2,商品性也明显提高。