农村生活污水陶瓷膜-生物反应器处理工艺强化脱氮除磷研究

传统膜生物反应器是农村生活污水处理的重要工艺之一,但其存在氮磷去除效果差等问题,本文旨在探究陶瓷膜生物反应器对农村生活污水的处理效果,并提高其脱氮除磷效果。陶瓷膜-生物反应器(C-MBR)是将好氧生物反应与无机陶瓷平板膜过滤技术相结合的工艺,具有占地面积小、维护简单、排泥量少等优点。本文利用陶瓷膜代替传统膜-生物反应器中的有机膜,对C-MBR进行强化脱氮除磷工艺研究,通过优化回流比、DO、HRT等进行强化脱氮,采用粉煤灰多孔填料吸附进行强化除磷。结果表明:在进水COD和TN、NH_3-N、TP浓度分别为360.00～661.00、33.90～57.60、16.80～32.30 mg·L~(-1)和4.78～5.70 mg·L~(-1),MLSS为3000 mg·L~(-1),膜孔径为50 nm条件下,C-MBR出水对应指标平均浓度分别为34.90、22.59、1.13 mg·L~(-1)和4.57 mg·L~(-1),平均去除率分别为93.68%、47.86%、95.00%和12.32%。优化回流比至200%、DO浓度为2.00 mg·L~(-1)、好氧池HRT为4 h时,TN平均去除率显著提高,最佳可达69.39%,出水平均浓度为12.52 mg·L~(-1),且此时出水稳定、能耗低;粉煤灰多孔填料在水力负荷0.33 m~3·m~(-3)·d~(-1)条件下,对TP去除率可达90.90%,出水平均浓度为0.42 mg·L~(-1),满足一级A标准。使用1000 mg·L~(-1)的次氯酸钠水溶液,以每片膜500mL·30 min~(-1)速度对膜进行在线清洗时,跨膜压差恢复速率最快,膜污染去除效果恢复最佳。优化回流比、DO、好氧池HRT能有效强化C-MBR脱氮效果,填料吸附磷能有效强化除磷效果。本研究为农村生活污水就地处理、提高C-MBR脱氮除磷效果提供了有益参考。     

国内糖价影响因素的多元线性逐步回归分析

通过分析国内食糖价格的变化趋势,并以2009年2月至2012年3月国内食糖均价的月度数据为因变量,构建多元线性逐步回归模型,得到国内食糖价格的主要影响因素,分别为:国际食糖均价、原油价格以及居民消费价格指数(CPI)。本文还对各影响因素进行了分析。     

中国国民收入与茶叶内销量的实证研究

通过Eviews31软件就1990年到2008年我国国民收入与茶叶内销售量关系进行分析，得出我国国民收入与茶叶内销量存在协整关系，同时运用格兰杰检验得出我国国民收入提高是我国茶叶内销量增加的成因，认为通过预测我国国民收入水平可推算出我国茶叶的内销量，为茶叶产销决策提供依据。     

Enhanced efficiency of electrostatically charged insecticide aerosols

The bioefficacy of a standard domestic aerosol insecticide has been compared with that of a similar spray in which the droplets were electrostatically charged. The aerosol was charged without the need for an external power supply, by enhancing natural charge separation processes that occur during atomisation. The charge-to-mass ratio achieved was 1.1 x 10(-4) C kg-1, compared with 2.2 x 10(-5) C kg-1 for the standard aerosol. Efficiency was assessed for insects in free flight. A direct space-spray application method was used to study the bioefficacy of these aerosols on houseflies, Musca domestica, and an indirect space-spray method on houseflies and mosquitoes, Culex quinquefasciatus. Two levels of concentration of active ingredients were compared. At low concentrations of 1.57 g kg-1 of bioallethrin and 0.29 g kg-1 of bioresmethrin, the charged aerosol achieved a significant reduction in KDT50 (time at which 50% of the flies were knocked down), compared with the standard aerosol. In the direct spray application to houseflies, the KDT50 was reduced by 50%, while in the indirect spray the KDT50 was reduced by 40%. In the indirect spray of mosquitoes, the KDT50 was reduced by 22%. With higher active ingredient concentrations of 2.09 g kg-1 for bioallethrin and 0.39 g kg-1 for bioresmethrin, the charged aerosol also demonstrated faster knockdown than the standard, but the improvement was less marked. In the direct spray application to houseflies, the KDT50 was reduced by 21% compared with the standard aerosol, while in the indirect spray the KDT50 was reduced by 16%. In the indirect spray of mosquitoes, the KDT50 was reduced by 24%. The percentage mortality after 24 h was also increased with the charged aerosol. Charge carried by the droplets results in increased interception of the insecticide, as the droplets are attracted to the insects in flight and space charge effects within the aerosol could cause improved dispersion in the test chamber.     

家鸡(Gallus domesticus)和鹌鹑(Coturnix coturnix)染色体核型及G带比较分析

采用外周血淋巴细胞培养法和胰酶处理法，对家鸡和鹌鹑染色体的核型和G带进行了研究。结果表明，家鸡和鹌鹑染色体数目均为2n=78，但染色体的形态存在明显差异，主要表现在NO．1、NO．4、NO．6、NO．8和Z染色体上。NO．1染色体，家鸡为m型，而鹌鹑为sm型；NO．4、NO．6、NO．8和Z染色体，家鸡分别为sm、sm、m、m型，而鹌鹑全为t型。G带分析结果显示，家鸡和鹌鹑的G带差异主要反映在NO．1、NO．2染色体上，这可能是由于臂间倒位所致。     

植酸酶及其在畜禽生产中的最新应用研究

植酸酶是一种新型饲料添加剂,它能提高动物对饲料中植酸磷的利用率,降低粪便中磷的排泄量。本文对植酸的化学结构、理化性质与植酸酶的来源、生物学特性,并对影响植酸酶活力的因素及其在畜禽生产中的最新应用研究作了简要介绍。     

脂肪对家禽免疫的影响

营养因素对家禽免疫具有重要作用。脂肪是家禽必需的重要营养元素之一，不仅是维持家禽正常生长、繁殖、生产不可缺少的组成成分与营养物质，也是调节家禽免疫器官、组织和免疫应答反应不可缺少的物质基础。作者从脂肪的生理营养功能，就其对家禽的免疫器官发育、体液免疫、细胞免疫、非特异性免疫、细胞因子产生的影响等方面进行了综述。为合理配制家禽日粮，提高家禽抵抗疾病的能力提供理论依据。     

野生日本鸣鹑与家鹌鹑及其杂交后代的行为规律研究

将微山湖野生日本鸣鹑与家鹌鹑杂交F2代按1公∶5母进行分组,采用秒表单位记时法观察鹌鹑的行为,并引用同期亲本和F1代的相同资料,对鸣叫、打斗和交配行为频次进行比较。结果表明:①杂交F2代鹌鹑鸣叫行为比家鹑低,除10∶00～11∶00外,其余时间段均存在显著差异(P<0.05);在14∶00～15∶00与野生日本鸣鹑存在显著差异(P<0.05);在14∶00～16∶00杂交F1代有显著差异(P<0.05);②杂交F2代鹌鹑打斗行为除16∶00～17∶00外与家鹑及杂交F1代无显著差异;③杂交F2代鹌鹑交配行为除16∶00～18∶00外与家鹑及杂交F1代均有显著差异(P<0.05)。     

THE PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSE OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS TO IONIZING RADIATION: A REVIEW

With respect to clinical signs of the radiation syndromes, some remarkable species variations exist. For example the marked delayed reaction of the acute hematologic response in cows. An unusually high sensitivity of the central nervous system is found in burros, which is probably caused by acute vascular and/or metabolic changes in the brain. The species-specific number of intestinal crypt and hemopoietic stem cells may explain the early survival differences among species after high doses of irradiation. Mortality due to acute radiation syndromes is lowest in chickens. Regarding late effects, various neoplasms are typical in dogs, and cattle more commonly develop cataracts.     

主动免疫血管活性肠肽（VIP）对家鸽繁殖性能影响的初探

将３０对青年鸽随机分为三组，第一组用血管活性肠肽（ＶＩＰ）类似物与牛血清蛋白（ＢＳＡ）的偶联物进行主动免疫ＶＩＰ，第二组注射与第一组等量的生理盐水，第三组不做任何处理。在试验的第一阶段，除第三组外，第一、二组鸽在产蛋后立即将书目是拿出，试验结果显示：第一组与第二组鸽月产蛋量和周抱窝数差异不显著。但第一、二组鸽产蛋量与第三组（自然饲养组）差异极显著。在试验的第二阶段（Ｂ处理过程）均不把蛋拿出，则三组