Suitability of Watershed Models to Predict Distributed Hydrologic Response in the Awramba Watershed in Lake Tana Basin

Planning effective landscape interventions is an important tool to fight against land degradation and requires knowledge on spatial distribution of runoff. The objective of this paper was to test models that predict temporal and spatial distribution of runoff. The selected models were parameter‐efficient semi‐distributed watershed model (PED‐WM), Hydrologiska Byrans Vattenbalansavdelning integrated hydrological modeling system (HBV‐IHMS), and Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). We choose 7‐km² Awramba watershed in the Lake Tana basin with detailed hydrological information for testing these models. Discharge at the outlet, rainfall, and distributed information on infiltration rates, water table, and extent of the saturated area were collected from 2013 to 2015. The maximum saturated area was 6·5% of the watershed. Infiltration rates exceeded rainfall intensities 91% of the time. Hence, saturation excess runoff was the main runoff mechanism. Models were calibrated for the rainy seasons in 2013 and 2014 and validated for 2015. For daily flow validation, the PED‐WM model (Nash–Sutcliff efficiency, NSE = 0·61) outperformed HBV‐IHMS (NSE = 0·51) and SWAT (NSE = 0·48). Performance on monthly time step was similar. Difference in model behavior depended on runoff mechanism. In PED‐WM, saturation excess is the main direct runoff process and could predict the maximum extent of the saturated area closely at 6·9%. HBV‐IHMS model runoff simulation depended on soil moisture status and evapotranspiration, and hence was able to simulate saturation excess flow but not the extent of the saturated area. SWAT, where infiltration excess is the main runoff mechanism, could only predict the monthly discharges well. This study shows that prevailing runoff mechanisms and distribution of runoff source areas should be used for proper model selection. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

环境安全型鸡场无线和短信监控系统的设计

介绍了将无线和短信结合起来对环境安全型鸡场进行监控的方法.系统采用集散控制方法,由无线智能传感器、无线监控通信终端、监控中心和执行节点等4部分组成.监控中心是整个系统的核心,对数据进行集中管理、分析和处理,其它部分负责数据的采集、传输和执行.     

智能合约技术在食用菌物流管理系统中的应用

为了提高食用菌物流效率,基于区块链中的智能合约技术,解决了食用菌物流管理中出现的合同签订、执行和监督的难题,建立了物流企业间的相互信任机制,并配合电子签名技术的应用。为食用菌物流管理提供了科学的管理手段,提高了物流管理效率。     

分布式记账管理在食用菌电子交易中的应用

为解决传统食用菌电子交易系统中存在的问题,采用了分布式记账管理,给出了食用菌电子交易中记账签名技术的具体应用,并在食用菌物流交易中应用了分布记账管理,证明了基于区块链技术的分布式记账管理提高了食用菌电子交易的安全性和可靠性。     

一个地表-地下径流耦合模型在西苕溪流域的应用

提出了一种地表-地下径流联合模拟的分布式水文模型,该模型综合考虑了地表径流、土壤水、地下径流之间的相互作用和水量交换,更真实地模拟了径流系统。选取太湖西苕溪流域进行了模型的应用研究,采用1km×1 km网格,就1988-2001年横塘村、范家村两水文站逐日、月实测径流资料进行径流模拟,确定了模型的基本参数。从模拟精度、参数需求、模型稳定性、水量平衡等方面分析模型的特点,研究表明:该模型参数相对简单,模拟精度较高,耦合运行稳定、快速,水量平衡分析详尽。模型可用作地表-地下径流相互作用、流域水量平衡分析和水资源管理的有效计算工具。     

海洲湾夜光虫的空间分布特征

依据海洲湾2006年8月-2007年11月的夜光虫调查数据,分析了夜光虫的空间分布特征、丰度的季节和空间变化以及与1990年数据的比较。结果表明:夜光虫在调查海域呈聚集分布;春、夏季节的平均丰度明显高于秋、冬季节;高丰度主要分布在近岸带。海洲湾的富营养化日益严重。     

A New Fault Location Method Based on Two Terminal Information of Self synchronous Rectification

In accordance with the high and extra high voltage long distance transmission line,this paper presents a fault location method based on two terminal information of self synchronous rectification.We adopt the long transmission line model,consider the effect of distribution capacity and can correct the sample phase angle difference in the real time btween two terminals.So that this method can avoid the fault location error owing to asynchronous message on the two terminals.Tested by a lot of simulations,the results are very satisfied.     

Modeling and simulation of the conducted electromagnetic interference for permanent magnet direct current motors

A simulation model for evaluation of conducted electromagnetic interference(EMI) is developed based on analysis of the mechanism giving rise to conducted EMI. The simulation model includes high frequency effects associated with stray distributed parameter     

Simulation of dissolved nitrogen pollution in Xiaojiang river basin of Three Gorges reservoir

Xiao Jiang River is the largest tributary on the north of the middle part in Three Gorges reservoir area, because of predominant hilly cropland with purple soil, the dissolved nitrogen from surface and subsurface runoff caused by raining accounts for most part of the nitrogen pollution in water. This paper develops the annual pollution models based on the characteristics of topography and soil, etc., of the basin in order to study dissolved nitrogen pollution, and introduces a Semi distributed Land Use based Runoff Processes (SLURP) hydrological model into the surface and subsurface runoff simulation which is an important part of non point source pollution modeling. Integrated with the geography information system technology, the annual temporal spatial distribution of the dissolved nitrogen in the basin is simulated and the load at the watershed outlet is estimated from 2000 to 2007. The results show that the load from cropland is up to 68.3~76.8of the total load, in which over 85 from croplands and then rural settlement is 23.2~31.7.     

KKS编码在水电厂点检管理中的应

介绍目前国内外最流行的电厂标识系统KKS编码在紧水滩电厂的应用实例， 基于KKS编码在水电厂设备编码的编写原则及层次分类，并提出了KKS编码在实际应用中遇到的问题。