Assessment of wheat variety distinctness using SSR markers

Assessment of variety distinctness is important for both the registration and the protection of particular variety. However, the current testing system, which assesses a range of morphological characters of each pair of varieties grown side-by-side, is time-consuming and is not suitable for the assessment of hundreds of samples. The objective of this study was to develop a procedure for the assessment of wheat variety distinctness using simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers. A comparison between the molecular and morphological profile of 797 varieties was made. On the basis of the comparison, pairs of varieties with a genetic similarity value(GSV) ≤90% were deemed to be distinct, accounting for ~85% of varieties assessed in wheat regional trials. For the remaining ~15% of varieties, GSVs between different varieties were 90%, among which ~35% were not distinct and the other ~65% were distinct. Therefore, if given a GSV90%, the pairs of varieties should be morphologically assessed in the field. To avoid any errors in the assessments, we proposed the elimination of contaminant plants from the sample before comparing the varietal genotypes, scoring of the genotype at each locus with a pair of allele numbers when constructing a molecular profile, and faithfully recording two alleles at a non-homozygous locus. To reduce the workload and cost, a three-grade markers comparison among varieties is suggested. In addition, 80 SSR markers and a technical procedure for assessment of wheat variety distinctness have been proposed. Based on the procedure, the distinctness assessment of ~85% of all wheat varieties is completed in our laboratory annually. Consequently, total field assessment has been reduced considerably.     

铁皮石斛新品种‘青谷1号’的选育

从云南多地收集的16份野生铁皮石斛材料中筛选出表现较好的1份材料,再通过自交在后代中筛选出优良单株,经过组培扩繁后种植3 a,对该品系的特异性、一致性和稳定性进行评价。结果表明:该品系的8个外观性状、4个数量性状和1个质量性状都有较高的特异性,其多糖含量高达47.65%,且该品系单株和群体的一致性和稳定性都较高。之后,该品系被命名为‘青谷1号’,于2013年通过云南省林业厅园艺植物新品种注册登记办公室的认定。     

Analysis and description of first year's growth of Salix alba L. clones

To distinguish twelve clones of Salix alba L. in the first year of growth, three major characters were selected by numerical analysis: length/width ratio of leaf blade, length of petiole and position of maximum width of leaf blade.Other characters are sometimes of additional use: length and width of the leaves; length/width ratio of the leaf bud; incisions of the margin and shape of base of the leaf blades; colour of the upper and lower side of the petiole; intensity of hairiness of the upper and lower side of the leaf.     

狗牙根品种(系)表型及分子遗传变异研究

狗牙根系世界著名多年生禾本科暖季型草坪草,广泛用于不同用途草坪建植.本研究对国内审定的5个狗牙根品种,1个新品系及1个国外引进品种进行表型性状和分子遗传的比较研究,以进一步明确我国狗牙根品种资源的利用特性和遗传基础.结果表明,1)供试狗牙根品种(系)'02011'在试验区域的成坪速度为53 d,绿期为269 d,高于国内审定品种;2)反映株高,匍匐茎,旗叶,花序等特性的9个表型性状在品种间差异均达极显著水平(P<0.01);3)各品种(系)在匍匐茎表面颜色,花序抽出度,叶片上表面颜色,生长习性,生殖枝表面花青甙显色,外颖颖壳,颖尖花青甙显色等植物新品种测试性状上表现出不同程度的群体差异;4)SRAP与SSR分子标记各18对引物分别扩增出167和316条谱带,多态性比例分别为87.51%和70.13%,来自相同地域的供试狗牙根品种具有较近的遗传相似度.     

Prospects for applications of genomic tools in registration testing and seed certification of ryegrass varieties

The ryegrass (Lolium) species, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), are the two most important pasture grass species for global temperate regions and are also useful for amenity purposes. Due to an outbreeding reproductive habit, high levels of genetic heterogeneity are present within cultivated varieties. A continual increase in delivery of new cultivars to the marketplace, along with limited capacity to discriminate on the basis of morphological characteristics in a grow‐out test, has caused difficulties for distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) testing in the current plant variety protection (PVP) system. A range of genomic tools and resources have been generated for ryegrasses, which provide new opportunities and challenges to the current PVP system. In this review, the currently available genomic tools and resources are described, along with prospects for applications to the PVP system and testing for seed certification and purity accreditation.     

浙江省水稻品种DNA指纹数据库的初步构建及其应用

利用前期研究建立的一套水稻品种DNA指纹检测技术体系,对2002-2006年浙江省主要的98个水稻品种、以及2007-2008年155个浙江省区试水稻品种(181个次,含26个续试品种)进行了DNA指纹检测,构建了279个次水稻品种×12个微卫星标记的DNA指纹图谱数据库.系统分析了指纹库中各标记的多态性和品种的相似性.基于构建的指纹数据库,对所有品种的特异性及区试续试品种年度间的一致性进行了鉴定.结果发现5组11个品种组内品种间特异性不明显,1个续试品种年度间鉴定结果不一致.     

花生新品种DUS测试指南的研制

植物新品种特异性(Distinctness)、一致性(Uniformity)和稳定性(Stability)(简称DUS)测试指南是植物新品种保护的基础。花生在我国栽培历史悠久,种质资源丰富多样,花生新品种DUS测试指南的研制对有效地保护我国花生优良种质资源,促进育种事业的发展和我国在国际植物新品种保护领域的地位有着十分重要的意义。主要阐述了花生新品种DUS测试指南的编制原则、编制过程、判定标准、测试性状的选择和标准品种的选用。     

福建台山列岛周边海域鱼类群落分类多样性研究

根据2012年~2013年在台山列岛周边海域进行的4个航次底拖网调查资料,并结合该海域的历史资料系统整理了台山列岛周边海域鱼类总名录,使用PRIMER 5.0软件计算了该海域鱼类的分类多样性指数,研究了分类多样性指数的季节变化。结果显示,台山列岛周边海域共记录鱼类2纲20目81科150属208种,以鲈形目种类占绝对优势;2012年~2013年调查记录到鱼类2纲11目40科63属77种。台山列岛周边海域鱼类的平均分类差异指数（△+）和分类差异变异指数（+）的理论平均值分别为63.14和378.4。鱼类分类多样性指数（△）秋季最高,春、夏季次之,冬季最低;鱼类分类差异指数（△*）秋季最高,春季次之,夏、冬季较低。研究结果表明,春季鱼类种类数最多,夏、秋季次之,冬季最少,水温和饵料决定了研究海域鱼类种类组成。