福建绿衣枳实生药醇提取物的反相HPLC指纹图谱

用RP-HPLC法获得不同绿衣枳实生药的HPLC色谱图,并确定其共有峰,用夹角余弦、相关系数、欧氏距离等不同数理统计方法进行分析。建立福建绿衣枳实生药以33个共有峰为指纹特征信息的对照指纹图谱和质量鉴定分析方法。该方法准确可靠、简便、重现性好,可用于评价不同绿衣枳实生药内在质量。     

Incorporating spatial autocorrelation into the general linear model with an application to the yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) longline CPUE data

Catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) data have often been used to obtain a relative index of the abundance of a fish stock by standardizing nominal CPUE using various statistical methods. The theory underlying most of these methods assumes the independence of the observed CPUEs. This assumption is invalid for a fish population because of their spatial autocorrelation. To overcome this problem, we incorporated spatial autocorrelation into the standard general linear model (GLM). We also incorporated into it a habitat-based model (HBM), to reflect, more effectively, the vertical distributions of tuna. As a case study, we fitted both the standard-GLM and spatial-GLM (with or without HBM) to the yellowfin tuna CPUE data of the Japanese longline fisheries in the Indian Ocean. Four distance models (Gaussian, exponential, linear and spherical) were examined for spatial autocorrelation. We found that the spatial-GLMs always produced the best goodness-of-fit to the data and gave more realistic estimates of the variances of the parameters, and that HBM-based GLMs always produced better goodness-of-fit to the data than those without. Of the four distance models, the Gaussian model performed the best. The point estimates of the relative indices of the abundance of yellowfin tuna differed slightly between standard and spatial GLMs, while their 95% confidence intervals from the spatial-GLMs were larger than those from the standard-GLM. Therefore, spatial-GLMs yield more robust estimates of the relative indices of the abundance of yellowfin tuna, especially when the nominal CPUEs are strongly spatially autocorrelated.     

Culture of mantle epithelial cells expressing shell matrix proteins from scallop Patinopecten yessoensis

ABSTRACT:   In molluscs, mantle epithelial cells secrete organic matrix proteins to form shells. In this study, we established a culture of mantle epithelial cells by using the mantle pallial layer of scallops. We aimed to identify the mantle epithelial cells expressing scallop shell matrix proteins and establish a culture system of epithelial cells. After the mantle pallial layer was carefully isolated from the mantle tissue, explant culture was performed at 4°C. Most cells that migrated from the explant tissue were round cells. Most of the adhered cells retained round morphology, while some of the cells adhered to the dish and showed morphology similar to that of epithelial-like and fibroblast-like cells. When the cultured cells were immunostained with a polyclonal antibody against the shell matrix protein, the antibody recognized many of the adhered cells. An estimation of the number of epithelial cells revealed that approximately 70% of the adhered cells were epithelial cells. This is the first report to describe epithelial cells in cultured mantle cells, which express shell matrix proteins. This culture system may be a useful method for characterization of the mantle epithelial cells.     

三角帆蚌新发现的贝壳基质蛋白基因hic9的分离、鉴定及其在珍珠早期形成过程中的作用

为进一步研究珍珠质形成的分子机理,使用RACE-PCR技术从三角帆蚌外套膜中克隆到一个新的贝壳基质蛋白基因hic9。RT-PCR和原位杂交技术结果显示,hic9主要在闭壳肌和外套膜中表达,且在外套膜外褶的外表皮各部分都有信号,在壳皮沟中同样有信号,这些结果表明,hic9是一个同时参与了贝壳角质层、棱柱层和珍珠层形成的多功能基质蛋白基因。hic9富含甘氨酸(14.81%)、脯氨酸(13.58%)和丙氨酸(12.35%),在序列中部形成"Gly-X-X"的结构(X为任意氨基酸),与近C末端连续重复丙氨酸结构(polyA)一起使hic9具有类似蛛丝蛋白的结构特征。hic9 C末端由一段疏水性序列"LAWMLFV"组成,推测这段序列形成β折叠结构,紧邻该序列89～91位是"Asp-Leu-Asp"序列,这是一个典型的Ca2+结合位点。此外,通过实时定量PCR检测了珍珠形成早期阶段hic9在初生珍珠囊中的表达情况,插片后3～15 d hic9在珍珠囊中的表达水平维持在大致相同的表达水平,在碳酸钙沉积物从无序向有序转变时期(18～25 d),表达水平较第15天有显著的升高,这表明hic9参与了这一过程,在珍珠层的形成过程中发挥了关键作用。     

水网平原稻田土壤养分空间变异特性研究

 通过对绍兴独树养分监测村土壤10种养分元素空间变异性的研究，明确了水网平原水稻土养分空间变异规律。各向同性球型、指数型半方差函数较好地描述了土壤养分变异与空间距离的关系，该村土壤N、P、K、Mn、Fe等5种养分具有中等的空间相关性， Ca、Mg、S、Cu、Zn等5种养分具有高度的空间相关性。进一步用各向异性变异模型分析土壤养分空间变异，表明土壤Ca、Mg、K、Cu存在一定的带状异质性。经不同采样距离下Kriging内插十字交叉验证，明确可用土壤养分空间相关距离确定方格取样法确定最大取样距离。     

Scale-dependent habitat use in three species of prairie wetland birds

We evaluated the influence of scale on habitat use for three wetland-obligate bird species with divergent life history characteristics and possible scale-dependent criteria for nesting and foraging in South Dakota, USA. A stratified, two-stage cluster sample was used to randomly select survey wetlands within strata defined by region, wetland density, and wetland surface area. We used 18-m (0.1 ha) fixed radius circular-plots to survey birds in 412 semipermanent wetlands during the summers of 1995 and 1996. Variation in habitat use by pied-billed grebes (Podilymbus podiceps) and yellow-headed blackbirds (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus), two sedentary species that rarely exploit resources outside the vicinity of nest wetlands, was explained solely by within-patch variation. Yellow-headed blackbirds were a cosmopolitan species that commonly nested in small wetlands, whereas pied-billed grebes were an area-sensitive species that used larger wetlands regardless of landscape pattern. Area requirements for black terns (Chlidonias niger), a vagile species that typically forages up to 4 km away from the nest wetland, fluctuated in response to landscape structure. Black tern area requirements were small (6.5 ha) in heterogeneous landscapes compared to those in homogeneous landscapes (15.4–32.6 ha). Low wetland density landscapes composed of small wetlands, where few nesting wetlands occurred and potential food sources were spread over large distances, were not widely used by black terns. Landscape-level measurements related to black tern occurrence extended past relationships between wetlands into the surrounding matrix. Black terns were more likely to occur in landscapes where grasslands had not been tilled for agricultural production. Our findings represent empirical evidence that characteristics of entire landscapes, rather than individual patches, must be quantified to assess habitat suitability for wide-ranging species that use resources over large areas.     

基于TM遥感影像的鄱阳湖湿地分类研究

对覆盖鄱阳湖湿地的LandsatTM遥感影像进行了计算机自动分类技术方法的实验研究,采用了先对遥感影像数据进行非监督分类,在非监督分类的基础上进行人工解译,确定其类别属性,然后将人工解译后的非监督分类的分类属性表经过光谱聚类处理转化成适用于监督分类的分类模板文件,再执行监督分类的方法,有效地提高了湿地遥感影像分类的精度。     

条斑紫菜6个品系的SRAP分析

为鉴别条斑紫菜不同品系的种质,使用相关序列扩增多态性(sequence-related amplified polymorphism,SRAP)标记对条斑紫菜的5个选育品系和1个野生品系进行遗传分析,结果从35对引物组合中筛选出可扩增出稳定清晰条带的组合11对,共获得131个扩增位点,其中多态性位点125个,多态性比例高达95.42%。6个品系 间的遗传距离为0.364 3～0.867 9,平均为0.593 0。用UPGMA法进行聚类分析,结果将6个品系分为2个群,所反映的亲缘关系与各品系的来源基本一致,说明SRAP 标记技术可以成为条斑紫菜品系间遗传分析的有效工具。在131个多态性位点中,选择扩增出的4个位点构建了6个品系的指纹图谱。另外,通过ME1/EM6引物组合 扩增得到耐高温品系TM-18的特异性条带,经回收测序和重新设计引物,该条带在其丝状体和叶状体DNA中均能稳定地被扩增出来,可用于该品系的种质鉴别 。     

酵母基因表达调控关系的构建及其统计特性分析

[目的]从复杂网络的角度研究酵母细胞周期调控网络的统计特性。[方法]首先对酵母的细胞周期基因表达数据采用皮尔逊相关性度量,计算基因间的关联矩阵,即建立简单的基因调控网络;同时为了能够得到在宏观角度对大规模的基因调控有一个全貌的了解,进一步分析所建立调控网络的统计特性,通过计算所建立网络的统计特性：即计算网络的聚类系数、平均路径长度和网络的度分布。[结论]发现所建立的网络具有无标度和小世界特性,即所建立的酵母基因调控网络属于复杂网络,这为进一步深入研究基因调控网络的统计学和动力学特性打下了基础。