陇东子午岭天然草地野生有毒植物调查

经调查统计,陇东子午岭天然草地中野生有毒植物有65科127属171种.就陇东子午岭天然草地上对家畜有毒的植物种类分布及有毒成分等方面进行了调查,并提出了防治措施.     

山西天然草地主要有毒植物

山西省天然草地中有毒植物有３５科９１属１４８种，其中以亚高山草甸类草地中出现较多，占总产草量的１５％－１８．１％。文章就山西天然草地上出现数量较多，易引起家畜中毒的植物，从生态分布、有毒成分及对家畜的危害等方面进行了研究，并提出了防除的建议。     

蜜蜂高产蜂胶蜂种选育研究

蜂胶的开发利用使得蜂胶生产远不能满足市场需求.通过引入高加索系列品种、本意、喀尔巴阡以及东北黑蜂,采用蜂王人工授精技术加以组配,进行筛选.培育出高产蜂胶的优良杂交组合,借以提高蜂胶产量,满足蜂胶市场需求,使蜂农增收,提升人们的健康水平.     

沙地一年生植物五星蒿的构件特征研究

在甘肃省古浪县鸣沙咀,对典型沙生植物五星蒿Bassia dasyphylla形态及生物量空间分布特征进行研究。结果表明：冠幅、地径、根深、根幅、侧根数量与长度均与高度呈极显著线性正相关(P＜0.01),其中地上部形态指标与高度的相关程度相对地下部较高;枝条分枝数量较多,一级分枝数为30.40个,二级分枝数达到了260.87个。五星蒿单株平均生物量为75.21 g,其中地上生物量为67.83 g,地下生物量仅为7.38 g;地上生物量集中于1030 cm,占地上生物量的77.64％,各构件依生物量的大小依次为：枝条、果实、叶片;地下生物量集中于010 cm,占地下生物量的76.29％,侧根较主根发达;不同层次间各构件鲜、干生物量的差异性基本相似,地上部分的差异主要表现在1020、2030与3040、4050 cm之间,地下部分的差异主要表现在010与1020、2030 cm之间,其他各层次相互之间的差异相对不显著。     

Unraveling the morphological patterns of a subantarctic eelpout: a geometric morphometric approach

Phenotypic variation in organisms depends on the genotype and the environmental constraints of the habitat that they exploit. Therefore, for marine species inhabiting contrasting aquatic conditions, it is expected to find covariation between the shape and its spatial distribution. We studied the morphology of the head and cephalic sensory canals of the eelpout Austrolycus depressiceps (4.5–22.5 cm TL) across its latitudinal distribution in South Pacific (45°S–55°S). Geometric morphometric analyses show that the shape varied from individuals with larger snout and an extended suborbital canal to individuals with shorter snouts and frontally compressed suborbital canal. There was size variation across the sampled populations, but that size does not have a clear latitudinal gradient. Only 8% of the shape variation relates to this size variation (allometry), represented by a decrease in the relative size of the eye, and a depression of the posterior margin of the head. There were spatial differences in the shape of the head, but these differences were probably caused by allometric effects. Additionally, 2 of the canals of the cephalic lateralis pores and the head shape showed modularity in its development. This study shows that the morphology of marine fish with a shallow distribution varies across distances of hundreds of kilometers (i.e., phenotypic modulation).     

The population dynamics of a recently introduced crayfish,Cherax quadricarinatus (von Martens, 1868), in the Sanyati Basin of Lake Kariba,Zimbabwe

The redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus is a recent introduction into Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe where it is rapidly spreading. There are, however, no studies that have investigated the population dynamics and possible ecological impacts of the crayfish in the lake. This study investigated aspects of the population biology of C. quadricarinatus in the lake. These included sex distribution, population growth and mortality parameters, probability of capture, recruitment and length at age of ge at maturity. Crayfish were captured monthly between January and December 2013 from 13 sites using opera house bait traps. Aspects of the species population biology were estimated using a fish stock assessment tool, FISAT II. A total of 3 205 crayfish were captured, of which 44% were male, 49% female and 7% intersex individuals. The asymptotic length (L_∞ = 112.88 mm), curvature parameter (k = 0.72), longevity (t_max = 4.17 years), growth performance index (? = 3.96), total mortality (Z = 2.06 y^?1), fishing mortality (F = 1.07 y^?1), natural mortality (M = 0.99 y^?1), rate of exploitation (E = 0.52) and length-at-first capture (L_c = 44.48 mm) were estimated. Fecundity averaged 503 ± 229 eggs female?1 and increased with size (weight and carapace length). Gravid females were found throughout the year but the highest proportion of females with eggs (4–10%) were found in the first quarter, whereas recruitment peaked in May and June. The smallest crayfish with eggs (48.75 mm CL) was estimated to be 1.02 years and the largest (94.82 mm CL) 2.85 years. Cherax quadricarinatus exhibited an r strategy life-history pattern due to continuous reproduction and high fecundity. In Lake Kariba, C. quadricarinatus is now well into the establishment stage of the Introduction–naturalisation–invasion continuum and spreading in the lake. Management options should thus aim at preventing further spread and reducing the population size and the potential negative impacts of this species.     

甲酸对二色胡枝子青贮品质的影响

以二色胡枝子(Lespedeza bicolor Turcz.)为青贮原料,研究甲酸添加量(0、2、4、6 mL/kg鲜重)对其青贮品质的影响,以期为二色胡枝子的有效利用提供科学依据。结果表明:随甲酸添加量的增加胡枝子青贮料中pH值和氨态氮含量以及干物质损失率均呈降低趋势,而且贮料中的水溶性糖逐渐增加;添加甲酸能显著降低青贮料中NDF和ADF的含量(P<0.05);6mL/kg甲酸组对抑制青贮发酵效果最明显,有机酸产量最低;随甲酸添加量的增加,青贮料中丁酸的含量也增加,使青贮料的发酵品质有所降低。     

东祁连山几种高山杜鹃的种群垂直分布对策

东祁连山大阴坡几种杜鹃种群在不同海拔高度上的垂直分布对策是各物种生态位重叠与分离的结果:千里香杜鹃和头花杜鹃为海拔3300m以下梯度内的优势种;陇蜀杜鹃在海拔3300m以上更湿冷的范围内开始增加,并占绝对优势;烈香杜鹃在3400m时分盖度最大,在低处与千里香杜鹃和头花杜鹃伴生,在高处与陇蜀杜鹃伴生。     

坪床基质对兰引Ⅲ号结缕草根系生长及分布的影响

坪床结构对草坪草根系和草坪使用质量的影响很大。为探讨5种坪床基质对兰引Ⅲ号结缕草（Zoysia japonica ‘LanyinNo. III’）根系生长的影响,试验设计5种坪床基质：100% 纯砂（A）,砂：泥炭（85%：15%）（B）,砂：土（85%：15%）（C）,砂：土：泥炭（85%：7.5%：7.5%）（D）,100% 纯土（E）。结果表明：根长密度、根表面积密度随坪床深度的加深而减小,纯土坪床的上述根系指标显著小于砂基坪床;一级根在0～5 cm的根层中分布最多l而二级根在5～10 cm根层分布最多;3种砂质混合基质中,砂+泥炭混合基质好于砂+土和砂+土+泥炭2种混合基质。在土壤各层深度中,砂基坪床的根平均直径显著大于纯土坪床。纯砂坪床的地下生物量最大,而纯土坪床0～5 cm根层内根系生物量所占比例最大。综合分析认为,砂基坪床适合做运动场草坪,其中以砂与泥炭混合基质最好,纯土坪床则排水不良,不适宜做运动场草坪。