张掖市生态循环农业与经济发展模式

本文立足张掖市生态优势,着眼循环农业发展,总结了张掖市发展生态循环农业的生态整合、减量化生产、生态链连接与转换、产业纵向拉长、产业横向延伸及庭院微循环等模式。分析表明,认识创新是发展生态循环农业的前提条件,理清基本思路是发展生态循环农业的关键所在,政府推动是发展生态循环农业的重要基础,市场化运作是发展生态循环农业的重要途径,科技创新是发展生态循环农业的核心手段,政策法规是发展循环经济型生态农业的重要保证。     

Radiographic anatomy of the cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) axial and appendicular skeleton

Cockatiels are popular pets. Still, despite medical and surgical relevance, the radiographic anatomy of the cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) skeleton, like that of different wild and exotic bird species, has seldom been described. This study set out to describe the radiographic anatomy of the cockatiel skeleton. Twelve adult male and nine adult female specimens were radiographed using a digital X-ray system and different views. The radiographic anatomy of these birds was similar to that of other Psittacidae. However, some particularities inherent to the target species were detected, such as the presence of four flexion zones in the skull (craniofacial, nasal, jugal arch and palatine), complete bony orbit comprising a suborbital arch, 34–38 vertebrae (10 or 11 cervical, 8 or 9 thoracic, 9 or 10 lumbosacral, 5 or 6 caudal vertebrae and a pygostyle comprising 2 fused vertebrae), eight or nine pairs of ribs and a notarium made up of fused T2–T6 vertebrae. Poor radiopacity of the notarium, ribs and respective uncinate processes, and synsacral vertebrae made demarcation of these structures difficult. The appendicular skeleton of the cockatiel was very similar to that of other Psittacidae, and there were no gender-related differences.     

推进种养结合的制约因素及政策建议

随着粮食增产的迫切需求和化肥工业的快速发展,我国种植业与养殖业养分物质循环断裂,推进种养结合成为实现农业绿色发展重要途径。但目前,我国从农户层面以及区域层面都存在着种植与养殖之间的纽带断裂,造成了农业资源利用的错位,也产生了资源环境双重压力。推进种养结合的堵点主要表现在养殖场责任尚未压实、有机肥施用不便利、堆肥质量标准缺失、社会化服务体系不完善等多方面。本文结合对国内和国际上推进种养结合的典型做法的分析,在强化提升国家粮食安全保障能力的大背景下,从优化种养布局规划、压实养殖主体责任、强化科技支撑、培育社会化服务组织等方面提出了当前构建全新的种养循环体系的建议。     

DOPPLER SONOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF THE DIGITAL BLOOD FLOW IN HORSES WITH LAMINITIS OR SEPTIC PODODERMATITIS

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of Doppler ultrasonography to monitor vascular blood flow dynamics in defined diseases of the equine digit in a noninvasive way. Doppler sonography was used to evaluate medial digital artery blood flow in eight horses with septic pododermatitis and four horses with laminitis in comparison with 10 horses of a control group. Doppler sonographic measurement and lameness examinations were performed in lame horses before treatment (day 0) and at 3, 6, and 9 days following treatment. Before treatment, blood flow velocities, arterial diameter, and flow volume were significantly higher in the lame horses, while pulsatility indices (PIs) were significantly lower (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, there was no significant difference of resistive indices (RI) in the septic pododermatitis group, but these indices were significantly lower in the laminitis group. No significant difference between the two lame groups was recorded. After treatment, blood flow velocities and flow volume decreased significantly and PIs increased significantly in both lame groups, while RI and arterial diameter did not change. No correlation between Doppler parameters and the degree of lameness was found. Doppler sonography can be used to monitor vascular blood flow dynamics in horses suffering from septic pododermatitis and laminitis, while blood flow velocities and PI can serve as parameters for monitoring the course of the disease.     

边缘效应应用与高产优质高效农业的发展

本文在总结边缘效应在农业生产中应用的情况及其产生效果的基础上,诊断继续拓广边缘效应的应用范围，将对高产优质高效农业的发展起着重要的作用，并指出了应用边缘效应时应注意的问题。     

蚯蚓在现代农牧业中的应用研究

蚯蚓可消除畜禽废弃物公害,可为养殖业提供优质蛋白质原料和治疗多种畜禽疾病,有利于建立农业良性结构,实现农牧结合。因此,以蚯蚓为链条的生态循环农业是促进现代农牧业发展的有效途径。     

Utilization of digital differential display to identify differentially expressed genes related to rumen development

This study aimed to identify the genes associated with the development of the rumen epithelium by screening for candidate genes by digital differential display (DDD) in silico. Using DDD in NCBI's UniGene database, expressed sequence tag (EST)‐based gene expression profiles were analyzed in rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum and other tissues in cattle. One hundred and ten candidate genes with high expression in the rumen were derived from a library of all tissues. The expression levels of 11 genes in all candidate genes were analyzed in the rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum of nine Japanese Black male calves (5‐week‐old pre‐weaning: n = 3; 15‐week‐old weaned calves: n = 6). Among the 11 genes, only 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2), aldo‐keto reductase family 1, member C1‐like (AKR1C1), and fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3) showed significant changes in the levels of gene expression in the rumen between the pre‐ and post‐weaning of calves. These results indicate that DDD analysis in silico can be useful for screening candidate genes related to rumen development, and that the changes in expression levels of three genes in the rumen may have been caused by weaning, aging or both. © 2015 Japanese Society of Animal Science     

内蒙古农牧业自然灾害问题探讨

目前，自然灾害已成为制约我区农牧业稳定持续发展的一大障碍。本文对其定义、类型及危害进行研究，然后总结多年来我区防灾抗灾的成就。在此基础上，提出今后防灾减灾的思路。     

开展我国数字草地建设

随着我国数字农业研究与建设的深化,数字草地的研究与建设也迫在眉睫.开展我国数字草地建设不仅是数字农业发展的需要,而且也是草业科技创新之急需.为此,主要从六个方面讨论了我国数字草地建设(1)建设的必要性;(2)发展数字草地的可能性;(3)建设的指导思想、基本原则和目标;(4)数字草地建设体系结构;(5)数字草地建设的内容;(6)数字草地建设的保障措施.