庆阳站持久高效草地农业优化模式

根据多年的技术资料和生产实际，采用线性规划法作为系统优化的基本方法，拟定了庆阳黄土高原试验站草地农业结构的优化模式。     

景电灌区农田防护林衰败及优化模式

景电灌区农田防护林网是景电灌区防护林体系的重要组成部分,通过调查景电灌区农田防护林衰败现状,分析退化原因,提出优化改造模式,为景电灌区农田防护林更新改造从而发挥可持续效益提供技术支撑。结果表明,1)以杨树为主要树种的景电灌区农田防护林网目前呈严重衰败状态,尤其在个人管护的区域,残缺断代现象严重,部分地方甚至基本消失;2)病虫危害,耗水、胁地严重而被砍伐,耕地次生盐渍化导致树木生长不良、枯死,树种单一、结构不合理,管理不到位等是造成农田防护林衰败的主要原因;3)三倍体毛白杨(Populus tomentosa)、廊坊(P.langfanggensis)、樟子松(Pinus sylvestris)、刺槐(Robinia pseucdoacacia)、白蜡(Fraxinus chinensis)、鸣山大枣(Jujube minshan)等树种为该地区农田防护林建设的适宜树种,可采用农田防护林杨树优势树种轮换、针叶常绿树种优化改造、生态经济型防护林网营造等模式对景电灌区农田防护林网进行更新改造。农田防护林网的改造,将对完善防护林体系,保障景泰绿洲的安全产生重要意义。     

试论草畜业在甘肃农业经济结构调整中的重要地位

通过分析近年来草畜业在甘肃省农业经济结构调整中的特点,认为草畜业已成为农业经济中最具活力的一个新型产业,是农业经济结构调整的重要突破口.同时,提出了大力发展草畜业的对策和建议.     

青藏高原燕麦人工草地营养体农业生产潜力的探讨

燕麦在青藏高原地区自然环境条件下有着独特的适应能力,并具有丰产、稳产的特征,在放牧牲畜冷季补饲中发挥着其它饲草饲料作物品种不可替代的作用,是解决冷季缺草、确保高寒草地畜牧业生产可持续发展的最佳品种。农业栽培技术措施的科学化、合理化应用对燕麦营养体农业生产蕴藏着巨大的潜力。     

中国岩溶地区农业持续发展战略问题与对策研究

我国岩溶地区存在许多发展经济的困难 ,如水土流失严重 ,石漠化加剧 ;人口过度增长 ,贫困面大 ;农耕土地质量差 ,农业生产水平低 ;半年干旱 ,地表水缺乏 ;地方交通不便 ,商品经济发展滞后 ;教育文化落后 ,科技普及困难等。同时也存在巨大潜力 ,如水热资源、生物资源、能源、矿产资源丰富 ,旅游资源独具特色 ,以及地缘优势。在制订农业发展战略目标时 ,应坚持以下原则 :可持续发展的大农业原则 ;以生态经济区域为依据、分类指导的原则 ;占有市场一定份额的大产业原则 ;国内和国际大交换原则 ;提高全民素质的大科技原则。为中国岩溶地区农业持续发展提出 5项重大建议 :加大对岩溶地区扶贫攻坚的支持力度 ,分类指导 ,着力解决特困地区、特困乡村和特困农户的脱贫问题 ;建立以林为主的生态恢复与重建示范工程 ;建立以草地畜牧业为主的资源开发利用产业化示范工程 ;适当加大政策倾斜力度 ,支持岩溶山区支柱产业发展和基础设施建设 ;将“岩溶地区农业持续发展的战略问题与对策研究”列入国家重点攻关研究项目和国家级农业发展综合示范工程项目 ,组织协同攻关     

内蒙古农牧业科技创新创业共享服务平台的设计与开发

以内蒙古农牧业科研、生产以及产业发展的实际情况为出发点,以构建协同创新的农牧业科研信息服务体系为规划愿景,充分发挥内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院在种质资源、科研条件、数字化资源等方面的优势,对农牧业生态环境、作物长势、自然灾害、种植养殖技术、病害防治等领域的农牧业数据信息进行采集、整理、分析、共享,融合大数据、智能检索、可视化等新技术,设计开发内蒙古农牧业科技创新创业共享服务平台,为农牧业科学研究以及农牧业产业发展提供有力的信息支撑。     

Relationship between the ultrasonographic findings of suspected superficial digital flexor tendon injury and the prevalence of subsequent severe superficial digital flexor tendon injuries in Thoroughbred horses: a retrospective study

The onset of severe injury to the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) is extremely difficult to predict from slight changes in ultrasonographic findings in cases with no apparent clinical signs. This study investigated the relationship between an increased cross-sectional area (CSA) or edema in the subcutaneous tissue around the tendon and the subsequent onset of severe SDFT injury in Thoroughbred racehorses. Horses were classified into three groups based on ultrasound diagnosis (USD) findings: Group A included cases with enlarged tendons; Group B included cases with tendons of normal size but with prominent edema in the peritendinous tissue; and Group C (control group) included cases with no abnormal USD findings. The incidence of subsequent severe tendon injury was significantly higher in the horses in Groups A (25.7%, 28/101) and B (28.3%, 65/212) than in those in Group C (4.9%, 2/41). There were no significant differences in the median period and the median number of races from the first examination to the subsequent tendon injury between Groups A (140 days, 1 race) and B (120 days, 1 race). The results of this study revealed that horses with increased CSA and peritendinous edema are likely to suffer a subsequent severe tendon injury. Also, these two USD findings, i.e., increased CSA and peritendinous edema, indicate the risk of onset of severe SDFT injury.     

Ultrasonographic examination of the tuber calcanei area: Technique and normal ultrasonographic images

Ultrasonographic examination is an essential diagnostic tool that complements radiographic examination in the diagnostic work-up of injury to the tuber calcanei area. Using a plantar approach, the superficial digital flexor tendon, gastrocnemius tendon, the bone surfaces of the two lobes of the tuber calcanei and the gastrocnemius bursa and the calcaneal bursa of the superficial digital flexor tendon (if distended) can be accurately assessed. Using a collateral approach, the tenocalcaneal ligaments of the superficial digital flexor tendon and the branches of the calcaneal tendon of the caudal femoral muscles can be imaged. This paper describes the normal anatomy of the tuber calcanei area and presents the complete ultrasonographic procedure and normal ultrasonographic images of this region.     

DIAGNOSTIC ULTRASOUND IMAGING OF SOFT TISSUES IN THE BOVINE DISTAL LIMB

In this study sonographic images of healthy flexor tendons, digital flexor tendon sheaths, metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints, and proximal and distal interphalangeal joints of the bovine limb were made. Then, synovial cavities in cadavers were filled with the necessary amount of fluid to make the lumina visible sonographically. After injecting 30–40 ml of saline solution into the digital flexor tendon sheath and into the metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints, or 8 ml in the proximal interphalangeal joint and 10 ml in the distal interphalangeal joint, the pouches of these synovial cavities were clearly demarcated. Afterwards, the sonographic image of synovial cavities distended by various inflammatory content were described. When the sonographic findings were compared to the findings in clinical patients, centesis and intraoperative procedures, there appeared to be a relationship as to the extent and location of the disorders as well as to the nature of the synovial effusion. Finally, we identified which planes on diseased bovine distal limbs were appropriate for obtaining optimal sonographic images.     

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF HYDROPIC DEGENERATION OF THE LIVER IN DAIRY CATTLE THROUGH BIOCHEMISTRY, ULTRASONOGRAPHY AND DIGITAL ANALYSIS

Ultrasonography of the liver of 181 Holstein-Friesian cows was performed and blood samples were collected for analysis. The hepatic ultrasonograms were evaluated and the echoes were analyzed digitally. After slaughter, liver specimens were taken and examined histopathologically. Of the 181 animals, 120 had a normal liver and 61 had hydropic degeneration of the liver, diagnosed through histopathologic examination. Diagnostic accuracy rates for hydropic degeneration were determined based on the following test positive conditions: a) for biochemical analysis—high levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin and non-esterified fatty acids; b) for ultrasonography—presence of dark pattern and blurring of edges; and c) for digital analysis—low echo means at 1 cm and 3 cm from the hepatic surface. Digital analysis had the highest overall specificity, accuracy and positive predictive values for hydropic degeneration, followed by ultrasonography. The results suggest that ultrasonography and digital analysis of hepatic ultrasonograms can be used for diagnosis of hydropic degeneration of the liver in place of biochemical analysis.