三位液压换向滑阀对中性对其内泄漏量的影响

在试验基础上，提出了三位换向滑阀对中误差概念，得出了对中误差与内泄漏量的关系，并与理论计算进行了比较，据此提出了按配合间隙划分对中误差的要求及元件生产中的改进意见，以提高液压元件成批生产合格率和拓宽元件维修思路。     

发动机曲轴的损伤及修复

介绍了发动机曲轴的运行环境,分析了发动机曲轴的损伤形式、损伤部位及特点,简述了曲轴技术状况的检查方法.针对发动机曲轴的损伤程度和不同的损伤类型,给出了修理尺寸法、堆焊、电弧喷涂、电刷镀和手工电弧焊修复工艺,并对堆焊和电刷镀修复工艺进行了详尽地介绍和分析.     

论压弯构件

钢筋混凝土轴心受力构件、受弯构件和偏心受压构件在力学行为上有一个共同的特征,即构件的材料纤维均处于单向应力状态。为便于分析比较,特将这三类构件的力学性能一起讨论。     

Cover crop evapotranspiration under semi-arid conditions using FAO dual crop coefficient method with water stress compensation

Cover cropping is a common agro-environmental tool for soil and groundwater protection. In water limited environments, knowledge about additional water extraction by cover crop plants compared to a bare soil is required for a sustainable management strategy. Estimates obtained by the FAO dual crop coefficient method, compared to water balance-based data of actual evapotranspiration, were used to assess the risk of soil water depletion by four cover crop species (phacelia, hairy vetch, rye, mustard) compared to a fallow control. A water stress compensation function was developed for this model to account for additional water uptake from deeper soil layers under dry conditions. The average deviation of modelled cumulative evapotranspiration from the measured values was 1.4% under wet conditions in 2004 and 6.7% under dry conditions in 2005. Water stress compensation was suggested for rye and mustard, improving substantially the model estimates. Dry conditions during full cover crop growth resulted in water losses exceeding fallow by a maximum of +15.8% for rye, while no substantially higher water losses to the atmosphere were found in case of evenly distributed rainfall during the plant vegetation period with evaporation and transpiration concentrated in the upper soil layer. Generally the potential of cover crop induced water storage depletion was limited due to the low evaporative demand when plants achieved maximum growth. These results in a transpiration efficiency being highest for phacelia (5.1 g m⁻² mm⁻¹) and vetch (5.4 g m⁻² mm⁻¹) and substantially lower for rye (2.9 g m⁻² mm⁻¹) and mustard (2.8 g m⁻² mm⁻¹). Taking into account total evapotranspiration losses, mustard performed substantially better. The integration of stress compensation into the FAO crop coefficient approach provided reliable estimates of water losses under dry conditions. Cover crop species reducing the high evaporation potential from a bare soil surface in late summer by a fast canopy coverage during early development stages were considered most suitable in a sustainable cover crop management for water limited environments.     

基于高斯过程建模的物联网数据不确定性度量与预测

物联网已经成为农业大数据最重要的数据源之一,自动观测数据的质量控制对农业生产分析以及基础科研数据应用非常重要。针对农业物联网观测的一类非平稳时间序列数据中的数据缺失、野值剔除、感知故障预警和长时间预测等问题,采用光滑弱假设高斯先验,构建了基于高斯过程的自回归模型表征的动态系统,并通过样本集学习,形成能考虑噪声干扰的传感变化规律建模,并可提供预测误差带用于预测数据的不确定性度量。针对原始数据的缺失和野值问题,采用基于高斯过程的短期预测,可补齐缺失数据,利用其不确定性度量可甄别数据野值,进行野值剔除与替换,并在此基础上判断感知故障;给出了基于输入数据不确定性传播的多步迭代预测方法,使长期预测仍可以跟踪农业数据的动态轨迹,并可为其预测值提供不确定性度量;将温室采集的真实传感数据用于分析试验,验证了高斯过程用于服务器端的农业时间序列数据采集质量控制的可行性。     

Quality and maximum profit of industrial tomato as affected by distribution uniformity of drip irrigation system

The tomato industry reformed its system of payment by weight of tomato, introducing a corrective system based on percent level of fruit dry matter produced. Such a decision implies significant changes in the management of irrigation systems, with a need to emphasize the technological quality of the marketable product. Three levels of distribution uniformity of the irrigation system are analysed, and related production functions of crop yield and percent of dry matter are presented as well as their use on the optimisation of dry matter, expected revenues and seasonal applied water. Results are critically influenced by the distribution uniformity. They demonstrate the inter-relationship between crop production, percent fruit dry matter and irrigation management, and the importance of considering non-uniformity in the economic analysis of industrial tomato production. Decreases in uniformity lead to a reduction in dry matter production per unit land. Decreases in dry matter are also observed with increasing levels of seasonally applied water, with the optimal level always lower than the required for maximum yield. Such interaction suggests a continuous and inverse relationship between profit and water applied. However, due to the corrective system of payment, by levels of percent of dry matter produced, for some uniformity, the expected revenue follows the yield-water production function instead of the dry matter function. This fact introduces disturbances in the optimal water applied inducing higher than expected levels of water applied for profit maximisation. The simulated data also show that incentives to switch to new systems or management practices able to raise the distribution uniformity result more from profit losses than increases in water price.     

刚性暗管结构形式与排水性能关系的三维电模拟研究

作者选用电解液模型对农田排水暗管的五种结构处理进行了三维渗流测试，揭示了其渗流场的基本形态及势场变化规律，定性地描述了此五种暗管结构排水性能的优劣，同时采用能综合反映暗管排水性能的流量系数值，对不同结构在各种参数组合条件下的排水性能作了定量的分析对比，结合以往室内砂槽试验成果，提供了合理的暗管结构设计依据。此外，应用保角变换法求得了仅有纵缝和全管壁进水的两种结构的二维渗流量解析式，并通过对试验资料的统计分析和线性回归分析法推导出三维渗流量的近似计算式。     

自来水厂供水泵性能在线检测方法的研究

建立了针对自来水厂水泵性能曲线在线检测的有效方法，解决了过去水泵在线检测只能测量单点工况、不能获得性能曲线的难题，为提高水泵运行效率、优化运行参数以及水泵在线故障诊断提供了有效手段。对开展其他领域的水泵性能曲线在线检测或泵站工程验收等提供了一定的借鉴。     

液压挖掘机铲斗机构的动力分析

液压挖掘机铲斗机构可视为驱动力矩随时间变化的铰链四杆机构。分别用拉格朗日方程和质量凝聚法对其进行了动力分析，为设计者分析、决策和控制提供了计算依据，对于计算机求解具有普遍意义。     

温室地下贮热系统设计研究

为了降低温室环境调控能耗。根据育苗不同阶段对气温与土壤温度的要求，设计了温室地下贮热系统，并阐述了系统的组成和贮热原理；同时，分析了各设计参数对系统贮热性能的影响。这样不仅为系统设计与理论分析奠定了基础，对其它类似地下贮热系统的设计、研究也具有参考意义。