补铁剂及多肽铁复合物的研究进展

缺铁性贫血作为贫血中最常见的一种,越来越受到人们的关注。随着营养与健康需求的变化和安全意识的 增强,人们致力于补铁效果好、吸收好、副作用小、安全性更高的口服补铁剂的研发。本文对补铁剂的发展和相关 研究进行综述,概述新型补铁剂的研究进展,全面阐述多肽铁复合物蛋白琥珀酸铁的原料来源、结构、机理、制 备、应用、消化吸收机制,对多肽铁复合物和蛋白琥珀酸铁的发展前景进行展望,以期对补铁剂的研究与发展提供 理论依据。     

Effects of Mowing and Tebuthiuron on the Nutritional Quality of Wyoming Big Sagebrush

Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. wyomingensis Beetle & Young) is the most abundant and widely distributed subspecies of big sagebrush and has been treated through chemical application, mechanical treatments, and prescribed burning in efforts thought to improve habitat conditions for species such as greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). Although the response of structural attributes of sagebrush communities to treatments is well understood, there is a need to identify how treatments influence the quality of sagebrush as winter food for wildlife. Our purpose was to identify how mowing and tebuthiuron treatments influenced dietary quality of Wyoming big sagebrush in central Wyoming. Two study areas were mowed in January and February 2014, and tebuthiuron was applied in two study areas in May 2014. We constructed 6 exclosures in each of these four study areas (24 total), which encompassed 30 × 30 m areas of treated and untreated sagebrush within each exclosure. Samples of current annual growth were collected from 18 sagebrush plants from treated and 12 plants from control portions of mowing exclosures during November 2013–2015 and tebuthiuron exclosures during November 2014–2015. Samples were analyzed for crude protein and plant secondary metabolites known to influence dietary selection of sagebrush by sage-grouse and other sagebrush-occurring herbivores. Our results suggest mowing and tebuthiuron treatments may slightly increase crude protein concentrations directly after treatments without immediate changes in plant secondary metabolites. Slight increases in dietary quality of sagebrush following treatments coupled with potential trade-offs with loss of biomass associated with treatments corroborates previous research that treating Wyoming big sagebrush may have little benefit for sage-grouse and other sagebrush-dependent wildlife. Future work should evaluate not only how treatments influence sage-grouse habitat use and reproductive success but also how treatments influence other wildlife species in fragile sagebrush ecosystems.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒NVDC-JXA1株膜基质蛋白单克隆抗体的研制

为制备抗猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒NVDC-JXA1株单克隆抗体,用纯化的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒NVDC-JXA1株免疫BALB/c小鼠,最后一次免疫后第3天取其脾细胞与SP2/0细胞在聚乙二醇作用下融合,通过酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）和间接免疫荧光试验（IFA）筛选,以有限稀释法克隆3次,制备单克隆抗体,并对制备的单克隆抗体进行鉴定。结果表明获得了2株分泌PRRSV膜基质蛋白特异性抗体的杂交瘤细胞,命名为1D12、5H5,经鉴定其抗体亚型分别为IgG2b、IgM,2株均为κ链,腹水ELISA效价分别为1∶107和1∶105。该单克隆抗体与PRV、PPV、PCV、CSFV、JEV无交叉反应。作者成功制备了抗猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒NVDC-JXA1株膜基质蛋白单克隆抗体,为进一步建立相关诊断方法奠定了基础。     

鸡新城疫病毒河北分离株F基因的分子特性分析

通过毒力测定、RT-PCR及F基因的序列测定与遗传进化分析,对2005-2008年从河北省部分地区的发病鸡群中分离到的10株新城疫病毒（NDV）进行了研究。各分离株经典毒力测定结果显示：MDT在37.6～54.4h之间,ICPI在1.71～2.0之间,IVPI值在2.16～2.8之间,均为新城疫病毒强毒株特征。F基因的序列测定表明,分离株之间的核苷酸序列具有77.4%～98.0%的同源性,与疫苗株Lasota的同源性为87.0%～98.9%,与国内标准强毒株F48E9同源性为89.7%～98.9%。推导其氨基酸序列分析表明,8个分离株的F蛋白的裂解位点氨基酸组成为112 R-R-Q-K-R-F117,具有NDV强毒株特征,与毒力测定结果相符,2个分离株的F蛋白的裂解位点氨基酸组成为112 G-R-Q-G-R-L117,与弱毒株特征相符。F基因分型和同源性比较显示：目前河北新城疫的流行以基因Ⅶ型为主（占70%）,同时兼有基因Ⅱ型（占20%）和基因Ⅸ型（占10%）。     

不同宿主来源犬瘟热病毒的分离及致病相关基因序列分析

利用Vero-DST细胞从死亡犬、狐狸肺、脾内分离到4株犬瘟热病毒-CDV-TM-CC、CDV-Dog-SCh、CDV-Fox-SY、CDV-Fox-WF,在Vero-DST细胞上传5代没有细胞病变,5代细胞培养物经电镜、间接免疫荧光及PCR鉴定为阳性。与本实验室保存的CDV-Monkey-BJ进行基因测序,并对与致病相关的F蛋白、V蛋白进行分析,F蛋白分析5株毒具有6个潜在N-末端糖基化位点,与强毒株同源性在92%～99.7%,与疫苗株不高于93.3%,在F1亚基内有7个特有氨基酸位点,这可能与其对灵长类致病有关。V蛋白分析表明,其与强毒株同源性在94%～99.7%之间,而与疫苗株不高于93.3%,CDV-Monkey-BJ C272R突变使其Zn结合能力丧失。试验结果显示,所有分离株均为强毒株,不同宿主毒株序列存在差异,值得进一步研究。     

一个新的家蚕锌指蛋白基因的克隆及基因组结构分析

锌指蛋白是一类能与细胞内核酸特异结合 ,调控基因表达活性 ,对细胞分裂、分化、胚胎发育及个体生长有重要作用的转录因子。从家蚕 5龄丝腺组织cDNA文库中克隆了一个具有锌指结构的新基因 ,命名为BmZFP基因 (GenBank登录号 :AY75 36 5 9) ,其cDNA全长为 180 9bp ,编码 14 3个氨基酸 ,3′端非翻译区 (3′ untranslatedregion ;3′ UTR)达 1332bp碱基序列。BmZFP氨基酸序列推测有 6个功能结构域 ,是一种CCHC型锌指蛋白。虽然BmZFP氨基酸序列与人、大鼠和小鼠的相关锌指蛋白的氨基酸序列同源性只有 33%左右 ,但 6个功能域中的Cys(C)和His(H)却完全匹配 ,推测其功能与人、大鼠和小鼠的相关锌指蛋白有相似性。BmZFP基因序列的结构分析表明 :该基因由 2个外显子和 1个 14 86bp碱基序列的内含子组成 ,在 5′端上游 - 182～ - 2 2 2区域存在一个启动子元件 ,但不是典型的TATA盒启动子。     

禽大肠杆菌外膜蛋白基因C(ompC)的序列分析

根据 Gen Bank中人源大肠杆菌 K- 12外膜蛋白基因 C(omp C)的核苷酸序列设计引物 ,应用 PCR方法从禽大肠杆菌 O2 、O78株及它们的融合双价弱毒菌株 O2 ,78(Norr Chlr)中分别扩增得到 omp C基因 ,序列测定及分析比较发现 ,3个菌株的 om p C基因均由 170 2 nt组成 ,核苷酸序列完全相同 ,只有 1个大的开放性阅读框 (ORF) ,长 10 92 bp,编码由 36 3个氨基酸组成的前 Om p C蛋白 ,前 2 1个氨基酸残基组成信号肽 ,成熟的 Omp C蛋白由 342个氨基酸残基组成 ,Mr为 4 0 0 0 0。其氨基酸序列也完全相同。从基因水平上证明了禽大肠杆菌 O2 、O78株及融合双价弱毒菌株 O2 ,78(NorrChlr)存在相同的外膜蛋白 C抗原 ,从而为进一步研究 Omp C蛋白的免疫原性奠定了基础     

Hsp70 enhances presentation of FMDV antigen to bovine CD4+ T cells in vitro

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the causative agent of a highly contagious acute vesicular disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals, including cattle, sheep and pigs. The current vaccine induces a rapid humoral response, but the duration of the protective antibody response is variable, possibly associated with a variable specific CD4⁺ T cell response. We investigated the use of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) as a molecular chaperone to target viral antigen to the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class II pathway of antigen presenting cells and generate enhanced MHC II-restricted CD4⁺ T cell responses in cattle. Monocytes and CD4⁺ T cells from FMDV vaccinated cattle were stimulated in vitro with complexes of Hsp70 and FMDV peptide, or peptide alone. Hsp70 was found to consistently improve the presentation of a 25-mer FMDV peptide to CD4⁺ T cells, as measured by T cell proliferation. Complex formation was required for the enhanced effects and Hsp70 alone did not stimulate proliferation. This study provides further evidence that Hsp70:peptide complexes can enhance antigen-specific CD4⁺ T cell responses in vitro for an important pathogen of livestock.     

鸭DCN基因编码区扩增、序列分析及其在大肠杆菌中的表达、蛋白纯化

采用RT-PCR方法从鸭腿肌总RNA中扩增了鸭核心蛋白聚糖基因编码区序列,进行序列分析,并将编码鸭核心蛋白聚糖成熟蛋白的核酸片段连入原核表达载体pET-32a(+)中,加入IPTG诱导其表达后,亲和层析纯化表达的蛋白。采用SDS-PAGE检测,用质谱方法对表达的蛋白进行鉴定。研究成功克隆出鸭核心蛋白聚糖基因编码区序列,序列分析表明,鸭DCN编码区序列由1074个碱基组成,编码357个氨基酸,其中信号肽有16个氨基酸。将鸭DCN蛋白划分为9个结构域(LRR1-9),结合人DCN序列进行序列分析推测结构域中LRR4、5与TGF-β可能存在一定关系。SDS-PAGE检测和质谱鉴定结果表明获得了分子量为54.7ku的鸭DCN融合蛋白。     

蚕丝的纤维化机理研究

本文阐明了以蚕丝蛋白的凝胶－溶胶转移和液晶态,拉伸与液晶的组合纺丝而纺成蚕丝纤维的机理。