加米霉素对照品标定方法的建立

建立了加米霉素对照品的标定方法。采用紫外光谱、红外光谱、核磁共振波谱、质谱和X射线单晶衍射进行结构确认,高效液相色谱法进行纯度检查,质量平衡法进行定量分析,并采用定量核磁技术对赋值结果进行验证。结果显示,加米霉素对照品原料纯度为99.9%;质量平衡法赋值结果为98.8%,定量核磁共振法验证结果为98.3%。加米霉素对照品原料定量赋值结果准确、可靠,能够用于加米霉素原料及制剂的鉴别和含量测定。     

Use of additives to capture nitrogen in ammoniated wheat straw: Intake, ruminal parameters, digestibility and nitrogen utilization in buffaloes

This study examined the influence of urea treated wheat straw (UTWS) ensiled with additives on feed intake, digestibility, ruminal characteristics and N utilization in Nili-Ravi buffalo bulls (Babulus bubalis) fed ad libitum. Wheat straw was treated on large scale with 4% urea at a 50% moisture level. The UTWS was ensiled with 6% CSL, 6% acidified molasses, 2% acetic acid and 2% formic acid on DM basis in four different cemented trench silos for 15 days. Four diets each having 50% dry matter (DM) from UTWS ensiled with acetic acid (AD), formic acid (FD), acidified molasses (MD) or corn steep liquor (CD) and 50% DM from concentrate mixture were fed to ruminally cannulated bulls in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Ruminal total VFA, acetate, cellulolytic ruminal bacterial count, DM and NDF degradability were significantly higher with MD and CD diets compared with AD and FD diets. Intake of different feed fractions was higher in bulls fed MD and CD diets. Total tract apparent digestibility of nutrients was similar across all treatments. Nitrogen retention was higher in bulls fed MD and CD diets than those fed AD and FD diets. Ensiling UTWS with fermentable carbohydrates sources having low pH compared to organic acids increased the N fixation in the matrix of cell wall fiber thus slowing its release at ruminal level that probably enhanced the N synchronization with carbon skeleton (fiber fermentation) and this consequently improved the N utilization.     

Effects of a rice diet and phytase addition on growth performance,tissue weights,phosphorus and nitrogen retention,and on liver threonine dehydrogenase,malic enzyme and fatty acid synthase activities in broiler chicks

This experiment was conducted to clarify the nutritional functions of rice and phytase addition for broiler chicks. Thirty‐six 7‐day‐old male chicks (ROSS 308 strain) were assigned to one of the four treatment groups: corn‐ or rice‐based diet groups and each diet with added phytase (2000 phytase units/kg diet) groups (corn + P or rice + P groups). The non‐phytate phosphorus (npP) content in the diets with added phytase was approximately half of the requirement. Body weight gain and feed intake in the rice group was significantly higher than those in the corn group. Breast and thigh muscle weights and nitrogen retention in the rice group were significantly higher than that in the corn group. Although the efficiency of phosphorus retention (%) in the corn + P group was significantly higher than that in the corn group, no significant difference was observed between the rice and rice + P groups. Liver threonine dehydrogenase activity in the corn group was significantly higher than in the other three groups. These results indicate that rice is superior to corn as a starter diet in broiler chicks, and that phytase action in the rice‐based diet was less than that in the corn‐based diet.     

农超对接过程中农产品的配货模型研究

以农业舍作组织如何有效配给农产品,提高损耗控制水平为切入点,利用盈亏平衡分析方法,建立农产品配给的决策模型,为农业合作组织的农产品配给提供决策参考。     

中国北方牧区草原牧业生态经济学透视

本文采用生态经济学的理论和方法 ,揭示了中国北方牧区草原雪灾背后的生态经济问题 ,中国北方草原牧业生态经济系统的主要特点是结构脆弱 ,功能低下。随着人口的高速增长 ,经济系统对生态系统的干预大大超过生态系统的自我调节能力 ,不合理的人类经济活动破坏了生态经济平衡 ,使草原生态系统严重退化 ,牧业经济系统陷于困境 ,系统抗灾能力降低。在缺乏有效生态经济管理的情况下 ,生态效益的外部性将不可避免地使生态经济系统矛盾更加尖锐化 ,系统运行陷入双轨恶性循环 ,并最终阻碍牧业经济持续发展     

可消化纤维替代蛋白质对肉兔生长性能、能量和氮平衡及盲肠内容物组分的影响

文章旨在研究日粮不同可消化纤维与蛋白质比例对肉兔生长性能、能量和氮平衡及盲肠内容物组分的影响。试验选择32 d断奶的肉兔120只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复5只。试验日粮分为4种,日粮可消化纤维与蛋白质比例分别为1.0(处理1组)、1.15(处理2组)、1.35(处理3组)和1.55(处理4组),试验共进行6周。结果 :处理3、4组较处理1、2组显著提高中性洗涤的表观消化系数(P <0.05),较处理1组显著提高了酸性洗涤纤维和粗纤维表观消化系数(P <0.05)。处理1组半纤维素表观消化系数最低(P <0.05),但可消化蛋白质和蛋能比最高(P <0.05)。处理1组较其他三组显著提高了氮的摄入量(P <0.05),处理3、4组较处理1组显著提高了能量沉积系数(P <0.05),日龄和日粮对尿氮排泄量和氮沉积量的影响具有显著交互效应(P <0.05)。处理1组较处理4组显著提高了盲肠内容物干物质含量(P <0.05)。结论 :日粮采用高比例可消化纤维替代蛋白质可以降低肉兔生长后期粪氨气和尿氮排泄量,提高氮沉积量。     

Reuse of drainage water from irrigated areas

Increasing competition for water of good quality and the expectation that at least half of the required increase in food production in the near-future decades must come from the world's irrigated land requires to produce more food by converting more of the diverted water into food. Reuse of the non-consumed fraction ('drainage water') of the irrigation water already diverted is a proven but risky option for better fresh water management. This paper presents an overview of different options for reuse of drainage water and guidelines for its safe use. Criteria for maximum irrigation water salinity to prevent soil deterioration and crop yield reduction, for the maximum concentration of toxic substances and limits for bacteriological water quality are given. Examples of sustainable reuse of drainage water in Egypt, India and the USA are presented. The usefullness of simulation models for the analysis of regional water and salt balances is demonstrated.     

具有电磁平衡功能的抗干扰零序电流互感器的设计与制造

针对当前电力系统中电压输出的小信号零序电流互感器在受到外部干扰及互感器残余电压较高,造成导致零序电流互感器输出"失真"继而影响继电保护装置失准的问题.提供了一种具备强抗干扰能力、在复杂电磁环境下能够准确测量的零序电流互感器的实施方案.通过主绕组分段绕制与平衡绕组技术组合,平衡铁芯内磁场;使用硅钢片作为屏蔽层材料,对互感...     

施硼对花生利用氮素的影响

用~(15)N 示踪技术研究施硼对砂地花生氮素吸收的影响。试验结果表明,在含硼量很低的细质砂土上,施硼促进花生的生长发育、提高荚果产量;促进花生对氮素的吸收、提高氮肥利用率;施硼促进根瘤生长发育、提高固氮能力。收获期土壤中残留肥料氮主要以有机态氰为主,且分布于0～20cm 土层中。     

日粮精粗比对奶牛瘤胃挥发酸模式及血液糖脂代谢相关指标的影响

研究以24头荷斯坦奶牛为试验动物,随机分成2组,设计不同精粗比日粮(60∶40,40∶60),研究其对奶牛瘤胃挥发酸模式及血液糖脂代谢相关指标的影响。结果表明:高精粗比(60∶40)日粮下,瘤胃pH降低4.3%(P <0.05),丙酸浓度提高16.9%(P <0.05);乙酸浓度下降,总挥发酸浓度提高,但差异均不显著(P> 0.05);乙酸/丙酸比例降低20.5%(P <0.05)。随着日粮精粗比提高,奶牛血液葡萄糖浓度提高21.1%(P <0.05),血液非酯化脂肪酸(NEFA)浓度降低13.9%(P <0.05)。随着日粮精粗比提高,奶牛血液甘油三酯下降,胰岛素含量增加,但均未呈现显著性差异(P> 0.05)。