不同育苗基质对团花苗木生长的影响研究

开展11种育苗基质对团花苗木生长的影响试验研究,定期对苗木高、地径,地上部分及地下部分的生物量进行测定与分析。结果表明,团花苗木在育苗基质k-2和基质k-9中生长效果最好,在苗木培育过程中,后期生长缓慢有利于苗木的充分木质化,提高造林成活率。咖啡壳作为团花的育苗基质是可行的。     

Sexual dimorphism of fast muscle fibre recruitment in farmed Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.)

Commercially farmed Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) were reared at the Aga Marin's facility located on Dønna (Norway) under ambient environmental conditions in duplicate 15 × 15 × 8 m netpens (May 2004 to May 2005). Twenty fish were sampled five times over a twelve month production period during which time the average body weight increased from 1.26 to 2.08 kg (n = 100 fish). Body mass, fork length (L_F), and the number and size distributions of fast muscle fibres were determined in male and female fish. All males matured during the autumn whereas no maturation was observed in females. From the point of maturation females had superior growth performance to males and body mass and the total cross-sectional area of muscle were 1.4-fold (P < 0.05) and 1.3-fold higher (P < 0.01) respectively by May 2005. The total number of fast muscle fibres per trunk cross-section at 0.55 L_F was 24.5% higher in females (7.58 × 10⁵) than males (5.80 × 10⁵) prior to sexual maturation. In females, muscle fibre recruitment slowed with short days and low water temperatures (< 6.5 °C), but had increased to 1.01 × 10⁶ by May 2005 (P < 0.001). In contrast, there was no growth and no increase in muscle fibre number in males following the onset of maturation. The distribution of muscle fibre diameters prior to maturation in males was also significantly different between male and female fish matched for L_F. The results illustrate a sexual dimorphism of muscle fibre recruitment patterns in Atlantic halibut and highlight the adverse affects of sexual maturation in males on muscle growth.     

Analysis of regional variation of height growth and slenderness in populations of six urban tree species using a quantile regression approach

Inventory data of six urban tree species from seven cities across Germany were used to model regional variation of height growth, allometric scaling, and slenderness over a wide range of size and age using a quantile regression approach. Variation within and between species and cities was large. Height did not reach an asymptote but declined at higher ages, presumably because of reduction cuts. Allometric scaling and slenderness varied with wind climate, modulus of elasticity, and coefficient of drag. Our data do not support the use of a threshold value of slenderness in tree risk assessment.     

Validation of the otolith increment deposition ratio using alizarin marks in juveniles of the sparid fishes, Diplodus vulgaris and D. puntazzo

Deposition rate of otolith increments was validated by two immersions in alizarin complexone 10 days apart in juvenile Diplodus vulgaris and D. puntazzo. Alizarin complexone produced a well-defined scarlet band on the otoliths of all individuals. One increment:one day ratio was found for both species.     

臭椿树干液流和直径微变化对土壤水分的响应

[目的] 研究不同水分条件下〔土壤体积含水量分别为10%～15%(W₁),15%～20%(W₂),20%～25%(W₃),25%～30%(W₄)4种水分处理〕臭椿的树干液流和树干径向变化特征及其与气象因子的关系,为深入了解臭椿水分利用策略和科学制定臭椿水分管理措施提供科学依据。[方法] 采用热扩散式探针法(TDP)对臭椿树干液流进行连续观测,使用树干径向变化记录仪持续监测臭椿树干直径变化,并同步监测相关环境因子的变化。[结果] 在W₃和W₄土壤水分处理下,臭椿液流量基本相同,且树干直径的增长量和变化幅度也相近;在W₁—W₃范围内,臭椿液流量随土壤含水量的增加而增大,但夜间液流占日总液流量的比例随土壤含水量的增加而减小,分别为：W₁(12.3%)>W₂(11.9%)>W₃(6.0%)。日尺度下臭椿树干直径的变化幅度随着土壤含水量的增加而减少,但生长量随之增加;随着土壤含水量的不断增加,白天树干液流与气象因子的相关性呈增大趋势,夜间呈降低趋势;树干液流和树干直径的变化都滞后于太阳辐射,提前于饱和水气压差,且二者与饱和水汽压差之间的时滞均随土壤含水量的增加而减小,但二者与太阳辐射之间的时滞受土壤含水量变化的影响很小。日尺度下臭椿树干液流与树干直径的变化呈反向变化规律,且液流的变化总是提前于树干直径的变化。随着土壤含水量的增加,时滞缩短。[结论] 臭椿树干液流与树干直径变化对土壤水分变化的响应存在紧密联系。在W₃水平,土壤含水量达到了臭椿可以充分利用的阈值,因此W₃土壤水分处理为臭椿最适宜的灌溉标准。     

农用纸膜破损试验

为了解地膜替代品——农用纸膜在水田中应用过程中的破损情况,采用模拟试验的厅法,对造成纸膜破损的气液泡大小进行研究试验结果表明：和不考虑泥断不平度的情况下,能够引起纸膜破损的最小气泡直径为9cm,最小液泡直径为6cm。     

穗条年龄、粗度与插穗切口处理对细叶青蒌藤扦插繁殖的影响

[目的]探索穗条年龄、粗度与插穗切口处理对细叶青蒌藤扦插繁殖的影响。[方法]在福建沙县进行细叶青蒌藤扦插试验,研究穗条年龄、粗度与插穗切口处理对细叶青蒌藤扦插繁殖的影响。[结果]穗条年龄、粗度与切口位置与方法对细叶青蒌藤扦插繁殖的成苗率及新梢长度均有着极显著性差异性影响（P〈0．01）。1～2年的穗条的成苗率与梢长显著优于3～4年穗条的扦插繁殖效果（P〈0．05）;3～4年穗条的成苗率与梢长显著优于5年以上穗条的扦插繁殖效果（P〈0．05）。大于0．20cm粗度穗条扦插繁殖的成苗率与新梢长度显著优于小于0．20cm粗度穗条（P〈0．05）。节下1．5～2．5cm的插穗切口位置效果优于2．5～3．5cm的,单削斜口处理效果优于平剪处理。切口位置因素效应均大于切口处理因素,双因素的交互作用不显著（P〉0．05）。[结论]该试验进行了细叶青蒌藤扦插繁殖的穗条年龄、粗度、切口处理方面的研究,发现在节下1．5～2．5cm进行单削斜口的穗条处理结合效果最好。     

桂东区杉木地径与胸径、树高、材积相关分析

利用广西昭平县2009年二类调查控制样点的数据中的杉木的地径和胸径、树高为样本数据,并通过SPSS统计分析软件和数理统计知识,对地径与胸径、树高和材积的相关关系进行分析,分别建立地径与胸径、地径与材积的相关关系或曲线回归模型,最后选出最优模型,从而可利用模型由地径推算胸径和材积。结果表明,地径与树高存在显著正相关性,且地径6~20 cm径阶与胸径之间最佳的回归模型为D1.3=-0.199+0.851D地,地径22~40 cm径阶与胸径之间回归模型为D1.3=-1.652+0.913D地,精度是98.7%;同时地径与胸径也存在显著的正线性相关性,地径与材积的回归模型为V=0.000 082D地2.486 79,精度为95.2%。本次所建立的模型精度在允许范围内,可应用到实际中。     

丹麦品氏托普基质对矮牵牛穴盘苗发芽和生长的影响

为实现矮牵牛的大规模工厂化育苗,研究了不同基质对矮牵牛种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:与素土和普通草炭基质相比,丹麦品氏托普基质大大地缩短了矮牵牛生育期。丹麦品氏托普基质处理下的矮牵牛发芽率、发芽势和冠幅均高于其它两种基质处理,同时,植株感病率低,杂草生长减少。