农业机械化的进程与发展措施

文章通过论述我国农机工业的发展进程,及今后农机工业的发展措施,全面阐述我国全面建设小康社会,关键在农村,重点在农民,难点在农业,而农业的根本出路在于机械化,农业机械化是现代农业的重要组成部分,也是农业现代化的重要标志。     

中国灌溉草业可持续发展探讨

本文就我国牧区资源特点，分析了牧区灌溉草业发展的持续能力及障碍因素，提出了我国牧区灌溉草业可持续发展主要举措：建立水、草、畜平衡发展体系；合理利用水资源，发展节水型灌溉；建立永久性人工饲草料基地；强化灌溉草业科研与科技推广力度等基本构想     

3种污水对小麦和黄瓜幼苗生长发育的影响

通过水培试验,研究了天津市3个主要污水处理厂的进水在不同清污比例处理下对小麦和黄瓜幼苗发芽率、生物量、根质量和根长的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,3种污水对小麦和黄瓜的发芽率影响不大,但是对根长有明显的抑制作用,各个处理间根长差异显著(P0.05),小麦和黄瓜的根长抑制率变化范围分别为20%~64%和6%~48%。3种污水对黄瓜的生物量均表现为不同程度的促进作用,但Ⅲ号污水对小麦的生物量和根质量表现为抑制作用。根对污水中污染物响应最敏感,根据污水对根长的影响程度得出3个污水处理厂的进水对小麦和黄瓜的毒害作用依次为:Ⅲ号Ⅱ号Ⅰ号。     

农业综合开发扶持农民合作经济组织的调查与思考

随着农业经济体制的深化改革,农民专业合作经济组织发展迅速,覆盖领域不断拓展,服务区域不断扩大。合作层次不断提升,合作机制不断规范,不仅较好地解决了村级组织“统不了”、单家独户“办不了”、政府部门“包不了”的问题．而且有效地促进了农业结构的调整、技术的进步、产品销售,提高了农民组织化程度和农业产业化水平。     

大力发展农机专业合作社提升农机管理工作水平

农机服务组织作为农机管理的延伸和补充．有效地弥补了当前基层农机管理出现的空档。许多农机管理工作,包括政策宣传、技术推广、农机维修、技术培训、安全教育等工作,通过这些措施的落实,有效地确保了农机化各项工作的开展。     

The environmental performance of milk production on a typical Portuguese dairy farm

The activities associated with raw milk production on dairy farms require an effective evaluation of their environmental impact. The present study evaluates the global environmental impacts associated with milk production on dairy farms in Portugal and identifies the processes that have the greatest environmental impact by using life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. The main factors involved in milk production were included, namely: the dairy farm, maize silage, ryegrass silage, straw, concentrates, diesel and electricity. The results suggest that the major source of air and water emissions in the life cycle of milk is the production of concentrates. The activities carried out on dairy farms were the major source of nitrous oxides (from fuel combustion), ammonia, and methane (from manure management and enteric fermentation). Nevertheless, dairy farm activities, which include manure management, enteric fermentation and diesel consumption, make the greatest contributions to the categories of impact considered, with the exception of the abiotic depletion category, contributing to over 70% of the total global warming potential (1021.3 kg CO₂ eq. per tonne of milk), 84% of the total photochemical oxidation potential (0.2 kg C₂H₄ eq. per tonne of milk), 70% of the total acidification potential (20.4 kg SO₂ eq. per tonne of milk), and 41% of the total eutrophication potential (7.1 kg eq. per tonne of milk). The production of concentrates and maize silage are the major contributors to the abiotic depletion category, accounting for 35% and 28%, respectively, of the overall abiotic depletion potential (1.4 Sb eq. per tonne of milk). Based on this LCA case study, we recommend further work to evaluate some possible opportunities to improve the environmental performance of Portuguese milk production, namely: (i) implementing integrated solutions for manure recovery/treatment (e.g. anaerobic digestion) before its application to the soil as organic fertiliser during maize and ryegrass production; (ii) improving manure nutrient use efficiency in order to decrease the importation of nutrients; (iii) diversifying feeding crops, as the dependence on two annual forage crops is expected to lead to excessive soil mobilisation (and related impacts) and to insignificant carbon dioxide sequestration from the atmosphere; and (iv) changing the concentrate mixtures.     

美国农产品分布对我国农产品区域发展的影响研究

美国农业一直处于领先地位,不仅得益于其丰富的自然资源和高科技的农业技术,其合理的农产品分布也不可少的影响因素。中国是一个农业大国,农业的发展离不开农产品,农产品的种植种类、农产品的区域分布、农产品的质量发展都直接影响农产品的发展。美国虽然面积和我国差不多,但因为有合理的布局,农产品贸易一直发展良好。要借鉴美国农产品的发展,研究和分析其农产品分布现状很有必要。     

基于状态机的植物生长模型可视化研究

在分析植物生长形态生理变化的基础上,揭示植物生长时空状态的变化规律,提出基于状态机的植物生长模型,并引入随机矢量真实预测植物的生长。根据该模型构建植物生长的可视化算法,合理组织有关植物生长的数据,并开发一个原型系统验证了该模型的有效性。     

东港灌区运行状况综合评价研究

在灌区续建配套与节水改造规划工作实施的基础上，拟建了一套合理的评价指标体系，利用层次分析法（AHP）确定评价指标的权重，建立了模糊综合评判（FCE）数学模型，并运用该模型对东港市的三个灌区的运行状况进行综合评价，评价结果与实际情况吻合良好。     

辽宁省农业机械化发展现状、存在问题与发展建议

阐述了辽宁省农业机械化发展现状及存在的问题,分析了辽宁省农业机械化发展面临机遇与挑战,提出了推动辽宁省农业机械化快速发展的措施建议。