母源基因Gdf9、Zar1、Mater和Dnmt1mRNA在绵羊卵母细胞和早期胚胎中的表达

为探讨母源基因在绵羊卵母细胞和胚胎发育过程中的表达模式,运用Real-time PCR技术研究4种母源基因:Gdf9(生长分化因子9)、Zar1(合子阻泄因子)、Mater(胚胎必要的母体抗原)及Dnmt1(DNA甲基化转移酶1)的mRNAs在绵羊GV期卵母细胞,24h成熟卵母细胞,2-细胞、4-细胞、8-细胞、16-细胞胚胎以及囊胚中的含量变化情况。结果表明:在GV期卵中Zar1、Mater、Gdf9以及Dnmt1m RNA相对含量最高(P<0.05);从2-细胞胚胎开始,4种基因的mRNA相对含量显著降低(P<0.05),各基因mRNA的含量在不同发育阶段的卵母细胞和胚胎中存在动态变化,这对卵子生长和胚胎发育有重要意义。     

肌肉发生相关长链非编码RNA研究进展

肌肉参与机体的运动、协调和体温调节等一系列生命活动,同时畜禽肌肉是人类重要的蛋白质来源。肌肉发生过程中的不同调控机制可引起肌肉发育的阶段性差异,而整个肌肉发育主要以两个时期（胚胎期和出生后）的发育状态体现。长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）是一类不具有蛋白编码能力且长度>200 nt的RNA分子。近年来,随着基因组学和分子生物学技术的高速发展,发现lncRNA广泛参与到肌肉发育的各个阶段,以多种作用机制调控肌肉的发育过程。作者介绍了肌肉的发育过程,综述了目前发现的与肌肉发育相关的lncRNAs及其作用机制,并阐述其在肌肉发育的不同阶段发挥的重要作用,为进一步研究肌肉发育相关lncRNAs提供了参考。     

内蒙古草原家庭牧场可持续发展研究

内蒙古草原作为全球干旱、半干旱区的重要组成部分,是诸多研究关注的热点区域.家庭牧场作为内蒙古草原基本的生产和管理单元,探析其可持续发展有助于为实现区域可持续发展提供科学依据.本研究阐述了内蒙古草原家庭牧场的形成历程及定义;并分别侧重自然生态系统、社会经济系统、自然-经济-社会复合生态系统3个方面总结了其研究进展;最后分...     

NPFFR1基因对鹅卵泡颗粒细胞激素分泌和细胞凋亡的影响研究

神经相关肽受体（RFamide-related peptide receptor,NPFFR1）是促性腺激素抑制激素的主要亲和受体,它在调控动物繁殖方面起着重要作用。为了解NPFFR1对鹅卵巢卵泡发育的作用,本研究以42周龄健康产蛋四川白鹅为试验材料（n=9）,利用RT-qPCR法检测NPFFR1基因在等级前和等级卵泡颗粒细胞中的mRNA表达规律;在颗粒细胞中过表达NPFFR1基因,酶联免疫吸附法检测颗粒细胞上清液（n=9）中雌二醇（estradiol,E2）、孕酮（progesterone,P4）和抗缪勒管激素（anti-Mullerian hormone,AMH）的浓度变化,剩余贴壁细胞作一步法TUNEL检测细胞凋亡情况;转录组测序方法筛选大黄卵泡（8~10 mm）颗粒细胞过表达NPFFR1前后表达差异显著基因,并对差异表达基因进行功能聚类分析。结果显示,除F1等级外,其余等级卵泡颗粒细胞NPFFR1表达量均极显著高于等级前卵泡（P<0.01）;过表达NPFFR1后,等级颗粒细胞上清液中的E2和等级前颗粒细胞上清液AMH的含量显著（P<0.05）降低,但孕酮P4含量变化不显著（P>0.05）;转录组测序共筛选到267个差异表达基因（119个下调,148个上调）,这些基因主要富集在生物节律过程、繁殖进程等生物学过程中;同时,与对照组相比,差异基因AMH显著下调表达（P<0.05）,Clock（clock circadian regulator）、FOS（proto-oncogene,AP-1 trans-cription factor subunit）、Per（period circadian regulator）和ANTXR2（cell adhesion molecule 2）分别极显著（P<0.01）或显著（P<0.05）上调表达。上述试验结果提示,NPFFR1可从激素、细胞凋亡和生物节律等多个环节影响卵泡颗粒细胞,参与调控卵泡的时序等级发育。     

乳酸锌对断奶肉兔生长性能、肠道发育和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加乳酸锌对断奶肉兔生长性能、肠道发育和血清生化指标的影响.选择28日龄同期断奶新西兰兔420只,随机分为5组:对照组(饲喂基础饲粮,饲粮中添加硫酸锌形式的锌0 mg/kg)、硫酸锌组(在基础饲粮中添加硫酸锌形式的锌80 mg/kg)以及3个乳酸锌组(在基础饲粮中分别添加乳酸锌形式的锌20、40、8...     

Effect of follistatin on pre‐implantational development of pig parthenogenetic embryos

The present study was designed to explore effects of follistatin (FST) on pre‐implantational development of parthenogenetically activated embryos (PAEs) in pigs. First, we investigated the FST messenger RNA expression level and dynamic FST protein expression patterns in porcine oocytes and PAEs. Then, PAEs were placed in embryo culture medium supplemented with 10 ng/mL of FST‐288, FST‐300, and FST‐315. Next, PAEs were cultured with 0, 1, 10 and 100 ng/mL of FST‐315 protein throughout the in vitro culture (IVC) duration. Further, 10 ng/mL of FST‐300 was added from the start of IVC in which PAEs were treated for 30, 48 and 60 h. The results showed that 1 ng/mL FST‐315 could significantly increase the total cell numbers of blastocyst and trophectoderm cell number in PAEs. Exogenous FST‐300 supplementation could significantly promote the early cleavage divisions and improve the blastocyst formation rate of porcine embryos. FST‐300 appeared to affect early embryonic development before activation of the embryonic genome. In all, the study confirmed for the first time that FST plays a role in promoting early embryonic development in pigs, which differed with different FST subtypes. FST‐300 could facilitate the initial cleavage time and improve the blastocyst formation rate, and FST‐315 could improve the blastocyst quality.     

Mouse embryo co‐culture with autologous cumulus cells and fetal development post‐embryo transfer

This study was conducted to examine the potential for implantation and sustainable fetal development of mouse embryos cultured from the pronuclear to blastocyst stage. Pronuclear embryos from ICR mice (Harlan Sprague‐Dawley) were cultured in Sydney IVF sequential media (Cook) to the blastocyst stage in medium only or co‐cultured with autologous cumulus cells. We also experimented with co‐culture in 100 µL drops. Drop co‐culture produced blastocyst formation rates with a mean of 47.0%, which was significantly higher (P < 0.05) compared to embryos cultured in identical culture conditions except without cumulus cells at 27.3%. Blastocysts obtained in vitro in Cook medium only and co‐cultured in Cook medium with cumulus cells were transferred to pseudopregnant females of ICR strain. The day of blastocyst transfer into surrogate females was designated as post‐transfer of blastocyst day 1 (PT 1). The implantation and fetal development was compared to embryo transfer of in vivo derived blastocysts, which served as controls. There were no statistical differences for implantation and fetal development rates for blastocysts cultured in vitro in either Cook medium only or co‐culture in Cook medium with cumulus cells compared to in vivo‐derived blastocysts. The advantage of the co‐culture system is in generating more blastocysts available for transfer.     

改革创新是高校学报持续发展的根本途径

多年以来,高校学报作为高等院校学术交流的窗口之一,在为高校培养人才、加强学术交流、转化科技成果等方面起到了积极的作用。但在新形势下,高校学报如何改革创新,保留和扩大自己的读者群,寻求期刊的可持续发展,主要应从三方面入手：一是坚持办刊宗旨,“以反映本校科研成果为主的学术理论刊物,是开展国内外学术交流的重要园地”,二是创设特色栏目,“以特色求生存,以特色谋发展,以特色创品牌”;三是建设高素质的编辑队伍,为科学文化传播搭建有力的平台。     

Age Difference in Morphology and Immunohistology inthe Thymus and Spleen in Crl:CD (SD) Rats

We investigated chronological changes in immunohistochemical phenotyping in the thymus and spleen in Crl:CD rats up to the age of about one year. In the thymus, T cells increased markedly from 3 to 4 weeks of age. Proliferating cells also increased markedly at these points. B cells tended towards an increase with age. In the spleen, white pulp increased until 9 weeks of age and remained fairly stable thereafter. In the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath and marginal zone, T cells gradually increased until 9 weeks of age and became almost flat thereafter. In the lymph follicle, T cells increased with age. B cells tended towards an increase with age in all areas of the spleen. It was concluded that development of the thymus was most marked from 3 to 4 weeks of age and that both the thymus and spleen had matured by 9 weeks of age.     

酸化饮水对断奶獭兔肠道形态及内脏器官发育的影响

 通过在饮水中添加不同量的复合酸,研究不同pH饮水对断奶獭兔肠道形态及内脏器官发育的影响。40只体重相近的35日龄美系白色断奶獭兔按公母各半随机分为4组,每组10只,A组为对照组,饮用自来水;B组饮水中添加0.55%复合酸,pH 5.0;C组饮水中添加0.85%复合酸,pH 4.3;D组饮水中添加3.3%复合酸,饮水pH 3.6。结果表明,与对照组相比,pH 4.3饮水能显著增加脾脏重和脾脏指数（P<0.05）;酸化饮水能提高断奶獭兔其他内脏器官重,改善内脏器官指数,但和对照组相比差异不显著（P>0.05）。酸化饮水可以改善断奶獭兔肠道形态,增加绒毛高度、降低隐窝深度,饮水酸度pH 4.3时可显著增加十二指肠绒毛高度（P<0.05）,并降低空肠肠壁厚度（P<0.05）;饮水酸度pH 3.6时可显著降低回肠肠壁厚度（P<0.05）;酸化饮水对空肠、回肠绒毛高度、绒毛高度/隐窝深度和肠壁厚度也有一定改善,以pH 4.3饮水酸度改善最好,但差异不显著（P>0.05）。结果显示,酸化饮水可以在一定程度上改善断奶獭兔内脏器官发育和肠道形态,其中以pH 4.3改善效果最好。