Gene Expression in Black Tiger Prawns Following Intramuscular Injection of β-gal Plasmid

Gene expression in black tiger prawns (Penaeus monodon) was studied following intra-muscular injection of CMVGal plasmid into the second abdominal segment. We used an in situ staining technique to detect -gal expression in one- and three-month-old injected prawns. We found that only one of the three-month-old prawns expressed the marker gene (2 days after injection), and the site of expression was confined to the sixth abdominal segment away from the injection site. We repeated the experiment on a new batch of three-month-old prawns, but using fluorometric determination technique. This time we found that -gal expression was detected (6/42) at the site of injection after 2, 7, and 14 days. In two other test samples, transgene expression was detected in the sixth abdominal segment only, further confirming the possibility of injected DNA dispersal. The results of the study also suggest that direct gene transfer is a feasible technique in black tiger prawns.     

鰤鱼诺卡氏菌培养条件及培养基的优化

对鰤鱼诺卡氏菌（Nocardia seriolea）ZJ0503的增菌培养基和生长条件进行优化。研究了温度、盐度、初始pH对鰤鱼诺卡氏菌生长的影响,并通过单因素试验对培养基的碳源、氮源和无机盐成分进行了筛选,采用正交实验法对培养基各主要成分的添加量进行了优化。结果表明,鰤鱼诺卡氏菌最适宜生长条件为温度25 ℃、盐度5、pH 6.5±0.2;经筛选,鰤鱼诺卡氏菌培养基中最佳碳源是葡萄糖,最佳氮源是酵母粉,促生长作用最强的2种无机盐是磷酸氢二钾（K2HPO4）和氯化钙（CaCl2）;确立了培养基优化配方为葡萄糖20 g·L-1,酵母粉15 g·L-1,K2HPO4 0.75 g·L-1,CaCl 20.2 g·L-1（单独灭菌）,氯化钠（NaCl2）5 g·L-1,pH 6.5±0.2。     

鱼类性别决定的遗传基础研究概况

动物从受精卵发育到具有不同性别特征的个体是一个奇妙而又严谨的过程,是人类长期以来试图揭示的自然现象。上世纪90年代初在人类Y染色体上发现了性别决定基因SRY[1],进而发现了一个新的Sox基因家族[2]。上述基因的发现,促进了以哺乳类为代表的动物性别决定和分化机制研究。由于鱼类在脊椎动物中的特殊进化地位、庞大的种类数量以及显著的社会经济价值,鱼类的性别决定研究一直受到遗传和发育学者的重视。尽管离最终阐明鱼类性别决定的机制还有距离,但近20多年来鱼类性别决定的遗传基础研究已取得不少重要进展。本文试图根据现有文献资料,…     

Logging pattern and landscape changes over the last century at the boreal and deciduous forest transition in Eastern Canada

Forestry practices associated with the industrial era (since ~1900) have altered the natural disturbance regimes and greatly impacted the world’s forests. We quantified twentieth century logging patterns and regional scale consequences in three sub-boreal forest landscapes of Eastern Canada (117,000, 49,400 and 92,300 ha), comparing forestry maps depicting age and forest cover types for early industrial (1930) and present-day (2000) conditions. Results were similar for the three landscapes, indicating large-scale forest change during the twentieth century. In 1930, previous logging activities had been concentrated in the lowlands and along the main hydrographical network, as compared to a more even distribution over the landscapes in 2000, reflecting a decreasing influence of the environmental constraints on forest harvesting. In 1930, old-aged forests (>100 years) accounted for more than 75% of the unlogged areas of the three landscapes, as compared to less than 15% for the present-day conditions. Logging practices have thus inverted the stand age distribution of the landscapes that are currently dominated by young and regenerating stands. The 1930 forest cover types showed a clear relationship with elevation, with conifers located in the lowlands and mixed and deciduous stands restricted to the upper slopes. Between 1930 and 2000, 58–64% of the conifer areas transformed to mixed and deciduous forests, such that no clear altitudinal relationships remained in 2000. We conclude that twentieth century logging practices have strongly altered the preindustrial vegetation patterns in our study area, to the point that ecosystem-based management strategies should be developed to restore conifer dominance, altitudinal gradients, as well as the irregular structure inspired from old forest stands.     

X射线无损检测技术在农产品品质评价中的应用

近年来,无损检测技术在农业中得到了广泛的应用.X射线检测作为无损检测的重要技术手段,在农产品品质检测与评价中发挥了重要的作用.为此,综述了国内外在X射线检测技术应用于农产品品质检测方面的研究进展;阐明了X射线检测技术测定的基本原理;介绍了其在果品水分测定、农产品内部病虫害检测、外观品质检测以及异物检测等方面的典型应用实例;并展望了X射线检测技术在农产品检测中的应用前景.     

蔬菜农药残留快速检测中易出现的问题与对策

介绍蔬菜中有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类农药残留快速检测方法的原理,指出实际检测过程巾易出现的问题,并针对这些问题提出相应的解决措施,总结出检测操作中的几点注意事项,以减小误差、避免失误,提高检测结果的可信度。     

利生源牌王浆花粉产品中化学成分的含量测定

目的：测定王浆花粉产品中化学成分的含量；方法：采用三氯化铝-醋酸钠比色法，以芦丁作为对照品，测定总黄酮的含量，用药典方法测定水分含量、醚提物含量、醇提物含量；结果：王浆花粉产品中总黄酮的含量为0．2393％（脱色前）或0．2447％（脱色后），水分含量24．48％，醚提物含量10．80％，醇提物含量41．77％；结论：用三氯化铝-醋酸钠比色法测定工浆花粉产品中总黄酮含量简便、准确。     

铁皮石斛组培苗生根条件优化研究

以铁皮石斛无菌幼苗为材料,在不同生根培养基中添加不同配比的生长调节物质、香蕉汁、马铃薯汁以及活性炭,研究其对铁皮石斛组培苗生根效果的影响。研究结果表明,生根培养基为：1/2 MS＋6-BA 0.2 mg/L＋10.0%香蕉汁＋10.0%马铃薯汁＋NAA 0.4 mg/L＋2.0%蔗糖＋0.04%活性炭,生根条件为光照强度2 000 lx、琼脂用量7.0 g/L、培养基pH为5.8是最适宜条件。     

Deficit irrigations during soybean reproductive stages and CROPGRO-soybean simulations under semi-arid climatic conditions

This study was carried out to determine the effect of water stress on five different generative stages of soybeans and to evaluate the CROPGRO-soybean model under semi-arid climatic conditions. The study was conducted at the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Harran University research field in 2003 and 2004 growing seasons. Plants received full irrigation during vegetative stages, after which it was cut off at different reproductive stages (treatments): R_1-2, beginning of flowering and full bloom; R₃, beginning of pod; R₄, full pod; R₅, beginning of seed; and R₆, full seed. The control treatment was full irrigation throughout. Observed yields ranged from 1955 (R₆) to 3684 kg ha⁻¹ (control) in 2003, and from 1867 (R₆) to 3952 kg ha⁻¹ (control) in 2004, respectively. Generally, in both of the years any water stress imposed on soybeans in three different generative stages (R₃, R₅, and R₆) resulted in substantial yield reduction compared with full irrigation; yield reduction was greatest at the R₆ stage. Biomass and 1000 seed weight also showed significant difference. Overall, CROPGRO-soybean simulated parameters from all treatments were higher compared with observed ones. Although simulated yield results were close to measured ones, they could not track observed yield patterns. Generally, the CROPGRO-soybean simulation model failed to satisfactorily mimic observed soybean yield, biomass, and 1000 seed weight and therefore it is suggested not to be used for similar scenarios and climatic conditions.     

抗菌类药物的热值测定

采用氧弹式量热计对12种抗菌类药物的热值进行了测定。结果表明,12种抗菌类药物的热值15.63~25.40 k J/g,其中,阿莫西林克拉维酸钾热值最小,盐酸左氧氟沙星胶囊热值最大。