燃煤电厂脱硫石膏改良碱化土壤种植甜高粱的施用量研究

脱硫石膏改良碱化土壤种植甜高粱的田间试验研究表明,施用脱硫石膏可以有效降低土壤碱化度、总碱度和pH值,显著提高甜高粱的出苗率和产量。但是其改良效果并不与脱硫石膏的施用量呈正相关,脱硫石膏施用量过大反而会抑制甜高粱的生长发育。当每667m2的脱硫石膏施用量为1.72～1.79t时,对降低土壤碱化度、总碱度和土壤pH的效果较好。当每667m2脱硫石膏施用量为1.75t时,甜高粱出苗率和产量最高,分别达到78.41%和1265.18kg。实现改良碱化土壤效果较好,同时能够满足甜高粱生长发育的脱硫石膏每667m2施用量为1.75。     

抗静电脱硫石膏纤维板的研制

以枝桠材及加工剩余物为主要原料制备木质纤维作为增强材料,工业排烟脱硫废弃物经煅烧制得的半水硫酸钙为粘结剂,加入高效复合缓凝剂增加脱硫石膏的初凝时间,满足生产工艺要求;加入导电炭黑使最终生产出的脱硫石膏纤维板的系统电阻降低,达到抗静电产品要求。试验结果表明:A型导电炭黑加入量为脱硫石膏质量分数的11%时,B型导电炭黑加入量为脱硫石膏质量分数的5%时,抗静电脱硫石膏纤维板的系统电阻可满足LY/T 1330-1999《抗静电木质活动地板》标准要求,此时抗静电脱硫石膏纤维板的物理力学性能达到相关标准要求。     

石油脱硫微生物的筛选及特性研究

从泰安某加油站采集土壤样品,筛选到一株可以专一性降解二苯并噻吩(DBT)的菌株,经常规和生理生化鉴定判断为红球菌属(Rhodococcus sp.),命名为YY-5。对DBT的降解产物经分析为二羟基联苯(2-HBP)、二苯并噻砜(DBTO2)和硫酸根离子,完全符合"4S"途径。产物用gibb’s试剂结合分光光度计测试,测算出菌株的脱硫能力。脱硫试验表明,DBT浓度对菌株的脱硫能力也有影响,DBT浓度过高,会抑制菌株的脱硫能力。一般在54 h左右YY-5的酶活性开始降低,在80 h左右完成脱硫。在以正十二烷、正十六烷、液体石蜡、萘和柴油为碳源的培养基中生长不旺盛,不能利用上述烃类作唯一碳源和能源。说明YY-5在脱硫过程中不会明显降低燃油的燃烧值。另外试验也表明,有机氮对菌的脱硫活性有抑制作用。     

脱硫石膏改良盐碱土技术的机理及研究进展

综述了脱硫石膏的基本理化性状,以及利用脱硫石膏改良盐碱土的机理,并对利用脱硫石膏改良盐碱土的效果、环境响应等进行了总结,对其应用前景进行了展望。     

Effectiveness of an elemental sulfur fertilizer in an oilseed‐cereal‐legume rotation on the Canadian prairies

Adequate sulfur (S) nutrition is critical for sustaining yields in crop rotation systems. Because of slow oxidation of elemental S (S°), research on S° fertilizers has emphasized improving the short‐term availability, while the long‐term effects of S° have been overlooked. The effectiveness of a dispersible granule S° fertilizer (SF: Sulfer95), consisting of S° particles smaller than any S° fertilizer reported in literature (< 44 μm in diameter), was compared to gypsum (CS: CaSO₄) and ammonium sulfate [AS: (NH₄)₂SO₄] in a three‐year experiment (1997—1999) on a moderately S deficient Black Chernozem soil (Typic Cryoboroll). The three S fertilizers were applied to canola (Brassica rapa L.) at 20, 40, and 80 kg S ha^‐1, supplemented with corresponding rates of nitrogen (N) fertilizer in the first year. The control treatment (CT) received N only. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and peas (Pisum sativum L.) were grown in the second and third years to test the availability of residual S. Although the yield of canola in SF fertilized treatments was only slightly higher than in CT, available S provided by SF produced a higher physiological S efficiency (PSE). Superior yields with residual SF were obtained in the second and third years by barley and peas at the rate of 80 kg S ha^‐1 applied in the first year, indicating that slow oxidation of SF was beneficial to the crops subsequently grown. Over three years, the total crop S uptake was 21, 4.0, and 15% higher with SF than with CT, CS, and AS, respectively.     

Effects of consecutive applications of gypsum in equal,increasing, and decreasing quantities on soil hydraulic conductivity of a saline‐sodic soil

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of consecutive application of gypsum dissolved in leaching water on hydraulic conductivity of a saline‐sodic soil. Drainage type plastic columns with a 10 cm diameter were used in this laboratory experiment. Soil depth within columns was 30 cm with an average bulk density of 1.38 g cm^–3. Leaching water was applied in six equal portions. Total gypsum was applied at 1, 3, and 5 portions after dissolving in leaching water. In dissolution, equal (1.273 + 1.273 + 1.273 Mg ha^–1), increasing (0.637 + 1.273 + 1.910 Mg ha^–1) and decreasing (1.910 + 1.273 + 0.637 Mg ha^–1) quantities of gypsum were used. Results were compared with the control treatment, in which total amount of gypsum were mixed with surface layer of soil column before leaching. Hydraulic conductivity of soil increased in all treatments. The maximum hydraulic conductivity value was obtained at consecutive application of gypsum at decreasing quantities.     

Microstructure and Hydration Activity of Cement-based Materials Containing Fly Ash-Desulphurization Gypsum

The hydration process, activity and microstructure of composite cement-based materials containing fly ash(FA)and flue gas desulphurization gypsum(FGD)were investigated by using DTA-TG, XRD, SEM, hydration shrinkage and compressive strength tests. And then the hydration kinetics of composite cement-based materials was discussed and summarized. It is shown that the ettringite(AFt)DTA endothermic peak of the harden cement paste containing FA and FGD is stronger than that of the reference specimen. The secondary hydration effect of hardened FA-FGD cement paste is more obvious under the effects of mutually active excitation and the added activators. The results of SEM and XRD indicate that the AFt in harden cement paste is significantly found and the surface of FA particle is eroded, further illustrating that the early activity of composite cement-based materials is effectively motivated, and ensuring the comprehensive properties of hardened composite cement-based materials. On the other hand, the test results of microscopic test were confirmed by the hydration shrinkage and compressive strength tests. Therefore, this research and application of FA-FGD composite cement-based materials can consume a lot of industrial wastes discharged from the power plant. It is a kind of “green” building material.     

Influence of Admixtures on Properties of Traditional Sticky Rice-lime Mortar and Their Mechanisms

On the basis of characterization of property of traditional sticky rice-lime mortar, influence of admixtures (aluminum sulfate, gypsum, paper fiber) on properties of traditional sticky rice-lime mortar and their scientific mechanisms are discussed by means of SEM and XRD. It is indicated that paper fiber is the most effective admixture to endure freezing-thawing cycles and increase compressive strength of sticky rice-lime mortar due to disorderly distribution and water-retaining of paper fiber, and the use of aluminum sulfate reduces dry shrinkage values and improves compressive strength because of formation of ettringite in sticky rice-lime mortar. Gypsum is proved to be ineffective to modify freezing-thawing cycles of sticky rice-lime mortar. Meanwhile, compressive strength and surface hardness of sticky rice-lime mortar with gypsum decline as gypsum amounts. It is suggested that 6% aluminum sulfate or 3% paper fiber can be used as admixtures of sticky rice-lime mortar in conservation of cultural relics.     

Theoretical analysis and experimental study on the effect of the different components of porous medium gypsum on porosity

This paper uses a variety ways to prepare the gypsum(CaSO4·2H2O) and measured its physical properties, including vertical suction height h, the water velocity u in the horizontal state, the porosity η and the average pore radius. The results show that the way of preparation of the porous medium gypsum has great relationship with its properties. The gypsum is formed by adding some proper water into the CaSO4 , and its porosity is increasing with the increase of the water, but the strength is decreasing. Adding a bit of potassium citrate in the water can improve the performance of the gypsum , and the vertical suction height, the water’s horizontal velocity and the porosity can reach 120 cm, 4.2 mm/min and 69.4% respectively, so the gypsum can be used as the filling materials of the capillary suction liquid core radiator.     

复方生石膏对热应激蛋鸡生产性能和血液生化指标的影响

将300只体质良好、平均体重为1585 g、60周龄海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分为5组,在试验组日粮中分别添加0.5%、1%、1.5%的复方生石膏及0.04%的维生素C,观察热应激蛋鸡生产性能和血液生化指标的变化情况.结果与对照组相比,复方生石膏高浓度组(1.5%)可显著增加日采食量4.41 g/d(P<0.05),提高产蛋率4.38%(P<0.05),增加蛋壳厚度0.022mm(P>0.05),提高血糖浓度3.02 mmol/L(P<0.01),提高总蛋白浓度19.48 mmol/L(P<0.01)、白蛋白浓度2.70 mmol/L(P<0.01);降低甘油三酯1.20 mmol/L(P<0.01)、总胆固醇含量0.32 mmol/L(P<0.01).结果显示,复方生石膏高浓度组(1.5%)对热应激蛋鸡生产性能和血液生化的改善效果最佳.