Tyrosine hydroxylase activity and dopamine turnover of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) brain: the special status of the hypothalamus

The dynamics of catecholamine (CA)-synthesis enzymes have been poorly studied in fish. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme of CA synthesis has been only studied inin vitro conditions. In the present report thein vivo CA synthesis and the CA metabolism were studied in different regions of the forebrain of the rainbow trout. Levels of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and the rate of accumulation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) were determined by HPLC following a treatment with hydroxybenzylhydrazine (NSD), a potential inhibitor of DOPA decarboxylase. Kinetics of the accumulation of DOPA and of the decline of DOPAC were in agreement with those found in rat, evidencing that the accumulation of DOPA following NSD can be used in trout to quantify thein vivo enzymatic activity of tyrosine hydroxylase. Experiments using treatment with NSD or with methyl-p-tyrosine reached a same conclusion: the DA neuronal activity in trout is much higher than NE neuronal activity. However, the hypothalamus had high DA levelsvs. lowin vitro andin vivo TH activities and exhibited a low CA turnover.     

黄土高原北部草地表层土壤水分状态空间模拟

为探明黄土高原北部草地表层土壤水分空间分布特征及其与环境因素的关系,该文用自回归状态空间模型和经典统计的线性回归模型对该区草地表层土壤含水率的分布状况进行了模拟。结果表明,状态空间方程可以应用于环境因素复杂的黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区,其拟合效果优于线性回归模型。单因素中基于饱和导水率的模拟效果最佳（R2 = 0.936）;多因素模拟中以饱和导水率+海拔+凋落物模拟效果最佳（R2 = 0.976）,可以很好地解释表层土壤水分的变异状况。自回归状态空间模型可用于研究黄土高原北部水蚀风蚀交错区表层土壤水分与其他因素的空间关系。     

沂蒙山区土壤侵蚀垂直景观格局的分形特征

以北方土石山区的典型代表沂蒙山区为研究区,以TM影像和地形图为源数据,根据全国土壤侵蚀分类分级标准,综合运用GIS和RS技术,获取以50 m为带宽的土壤侵蚀强度垂直分带数据。在Fragstats3.3中提取周长面积分维数（D）,计算稳定性指数（SI）,旨在揭示沂蒙山区土壤侵蚀分形的垂直变化特征。结果表明,土壤侵蚀景观在垂直维度上具有明显的分异性。在景观水平上,土壤侵蚀景观周长面积分维数（D）随高程呈先迅速增大后缓慢增大趋势,稳定性指数（SI）则呈先急剧减小后缓慢减小趋势。在缀块类型水平上,对于研究区,D值     

丽水市农村信息化大篷车培训成效与启示

推进农业信息化关键是要培养农民的信息意识、开展农业信息知识培训和提高农民的信息应用能力。介绍了丽水市农村信息化大篷车培训所取得的基本成效与体会,针对山区农村实际,提出了农业信息化培训在主体选择、方法运用、教学管理等方面的思考。     

Do community-conserved areas effectively conserve biological diversity? Global insights and the Indian context

The view that biodiversity-rich areas partially or largely managed by local residents, sometimes referred to as community-conserved areas (CCAs), can be effective in biological conservation has gained considerable ground over the past decade. In this paper, we review available scientific information on the conservation effectiveness of such areas globally. We compiled studies undertaken during the last 5 years (2004-2009) that use quantifiable ecological attributes to: (1) compare CCAs with strictly protected areas (SPAs); (2) compare CCAs with open-access ecosystems and (3) study trends in biological attributes of CCAs over time. We found that there were few consistent differences in diversity/species richness of flora or fauna protected under the two types of management or in deforestation rates. However, CCAs tend to harbour a species complement distinct from that of SPAs and show lowered abundances of monitored taxa that are of conservation importance. CCAs conserve biological values more effectively than open-access areas. Also, biological values tend to decline in CCAs over time. We conclude that CCAs could represent a significant improvement over open-access areas in terms of conservation effectiveness, yet fall short of the needs of comprehensive biological conservation. While extremely few studies have been undertaken in India, the trends seen largely concur with global ones. This review, based on a limited sample size, is only a beginning, and is expected to serve as an invitation for further research to address both the question of biological effectiveness of diverse forest governance regimes as well as the socio-economic, demographic and institutional reasons underlying these differences.     

旅游景区门户空间营造的实践解析——以红石峡旅游迎宾服务区为例

以陕西省榆林市红石峡迎宾服务区的规划设计为例,借鉴九寨沟、武当山及华山华麓三大景区迎宾服务区的成功模式,归纳了红石峡旅游景区门户空间营造的设计原则,使门户空间规划设计符合其在整个景区所占的地位、所起的作用,满足其在景区中所具有的功能及所提供的服务。     

Responses of Root Growth to Moderate Soil Water Deficit in Wheat Seedlings

Abstract

In the field, plants show better root growth in drying soil than in wet soil. However, the root growth enhancement has not been demonstrated clearly in the laboratory. In this study, the root growth response of wheat seedlings to moderate soil water deficits was characterized quantitatively in an environment-controlled chamber. Germinated seeds of wheat were grown for 15 days in the soil with a water potential ranging from field capacity (FC) to approximately –0.08 MPa. Theleaf area decreased with reduction in soil water potential. By contrast, the root surface area increased upon reduction ofthe soil water potential to –0.04 MPa while it decreased significantly in soil with a water potential of –0.08 MPa. The increase in surface area was obvious in the roots with a diameter of 0.2 to 0.4 mm and larger than 0.7 mm. Root weight increased with the reduction of soil water potential to –0.04 MPa. While specific root length decreased significantly with the reduction of water potential to –0.06 MPa, the specific root surface area did not. Assimilatestransported from shoot might be used in roots to increae the surface area mainly by increasing the diameter rather than the length in response to a moderate soil water deficit in wheat seedlings. This might result from the drought tolerance mechanism of osmotic adjustment in roots.     

Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Rice Seedlings Raised with Long Mat by Hydroponics: —Comparison with young seedlings raised in soil—

Summary

Growth and physiological characteristics of rice seedlings raised with long mat by hydroponics (SLH) were compared with those of young seedlings raised in soil (YSS). When SLH and YSS were raised under the similar environmental conditions, the dry weight of shoot in SLH was significantly lighter than that in YSS at the time of seedling harvest, whereas the shoot in SLH was as long as that in YSS. The increase of dry weight of shoot and the decrease of dry weight of grain were smaller in SLH than in YSS during the raising of seedlings. In addition, the content of soluble sugars in the grain of SLH was apparently lower than that of YSS, indicating that the supply of carbohydrates from endosperm to shoot was less in SLH than in YSS. Crop growth rate and mean leaf area index of SLH were lower than those of YSS, while net assimilation rate of SLH was similar to that of YSS. The size of leaf blades in SLH was markedly smaller than that in YSS, whereas no significant difference was observed in the rates of photosynthesis and dark respiration in leaf blades between SLH and YSS. The results suggest that the leaf growth of SLH is reduced by the insufficient supply of carbohydrates from endosperm, and this is the major cause of lower levels of dry matter production in SLH as compared with that in YSS.     

乌审旗东北部典型地段天然植被调查研究

对乌审旗东北部典型地段天然植被进行了调查研究，结果表明：研究区样地主要可以分为4种典型地段，且不同的典型地段上其优势植物种类不同。研究区样地的植被主要以菊科、禾本科和藜科植物为主，其中以菊科植物居多，其次是禾本科植物。调查研究还发现，研究区附近主要有34种植物，分属于16个科，28个属，其中菊科植物有10种，为最多，菊科植物中蒿属占5种，其次是禾本科植物，有6种。     

荷兰水仙在沈阳地区的引种栽培

以Flower Record、February Gold、Dutch Master、Dick Wilden、Barrett Browning、Cheerfulness 6种荷兰水仙为试验材料,对其在沈阳地区露地栽培的生长特性及物候期进行观测研究。结果表明:其中5个品种在沈阳露地栽培能正常生长并且开花,可以用于生产实践,1个品种能正常出苗,但不能开花。