Alternative methodologies to estimate ingestion of caecotrophes in growing rabbits

This study was carried out in order to estimate caecotrophe intake in growing rabbits by three existing procedures: caecotrophes collection after collar fitting, urinary purine derivatives (PD) excretion and microbial ¹⁵N-lysine incorporation. In a first experiment sixteen New Zealand White male rabbits were divided in three groups receiving the same diet, but supplemented with ¹⁵NH₄Cl in the first group (T₁: 6 rabbits). The second group (T₂: 6 rabbits) was also fed the labelled diet but only during the last ten days of the fattening period when animals were fitted a neck collar to prevent caecotrophy. The third group (T₃: 4 animals) received the basal diet and was used as control. In two additional trials the daily contribution to urinary excretion of endogenous purine compounds (469 ± 50.8 μmol/W^0.75) and creatinine excretion (807 ± 127.6 μmol/W^0.75) were determined. The highest estimation of microbial nitrogen recycling was obtained by the urinary PD method (0.79 ± 0.096 g/d), whereas caecotrophes collection and ¹⁵N-lysine incorporation methods showed similar values (0.49 ± 0.049 and 0.45 ± 0.015 g/d, respectively). Our results seem to indicate an overestimation of microbial nitrogen recycling in growing rabbits by PD methodology, while neck collar fitting procedure gave similar results, although more variable than microbial ¹⁵N-lysine incorporation.     

Tandem size exclusion chromatography-Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of humic acids

Humic acids (HAs) from four soils were fractionated by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) on Sephadex G-75. Three fractions were obtained in all humic acids, collected and assayed by Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The unfractionated HA from each soil was used as reference. Each chromatographic fraction formed one electrophoretic zone corresponding closely to one band of the reference sample with some admixture of the fractions preceding or following. The results indicate that fractionation of HAs by tandem SEC-PAGE can be successfully used for obtaining fractions of reduced polydispersity and different electrophoretic mobilities. Pyrolysis/methylation-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the full size preparations of HA and fractions with exactly defined molecular size and electrophoretic mobility showed a different distribution in humic components, mainly lipids, lignin derivatives and N-containing compounds.     

Dermatophytosis due to Microsporum persicolor (13 cases) or Microsporum gypseum (20 cases) in dogs

A retrospective study of 20 cases of dermatophytosis due to Microsporum gypseum and 13 cases due to Microsporum persicolor seen over an 8-year period is reported. These skin diseases are rare (1.3% of our canine case load) and pleomorphic, from localized erythematous and squamous or suppurative lesions (kerions) to extensive or generalized erythematous, alopecic, scaling, crusting and eventually papular and pustular dermatoses. Such dermatophytoses are diagnosed by fungal culture, and in some instances rapidly by dermatohistopathology with periodic acid-Schiff staining (3/3 cases of Microsporum gypseum infection and 5/7 cases of Microsporum persicolor infection). Therapy with topical and/or systemic azole derivatives (topical enilconazole, miconazole, econazole and systemic ketoconazole, respectively) was successful in all cases, with only two relapses, which were easily controlled.     

N-硝基苯基脲衍生物对油菜生长调节活性与结构相关性分析

运用量子化学方法(PM3)计算了6种标题物的结构参数,并对标题物对油菜生长调节活性与其分子右侧苯环上取代基的电子效应之间的相关性及取代基的电子效应(δ）与分子的结构参数之间的相关进行了分析,结果表明其相关性能优良．     

Bactericidal and fungicidal activity of Aspergillus ochraceus metabolites and some derivatives

The bactericidal and fungicidal activities of aspyrone and asperlactone, secondary metabolites of Aspergillus ochraceus, and some aspyrone derivatives were studied. In general, aspyrone exhibited better activity than asperlactone or aspyrone derivatives. The inhibition patterns of the assayed compounds were different. Helminthosporium monoceras was the tested mould most inhibited by the studied compounds. The comparative study of the activity of the different compounds showed that the epoxy group seems to be necessary for activity against some micro-organisms. © 1998 SCI     

寡聚酸碘抑制TMV活性测定及对番茄生长影响初探

为研究新型壳寡糖衍生物类农用制剂寡聚酸碘(寡聚N-乙酰基-D-氨基葡萄糖醛酸碘)对烟草花叶病毒(TMV)的抑制作用及对番茄生长、生理特性的影响,以番茄品种:L402、贝鲁特、粉多利作为供试材料,以氨基寡糖素及50%腐霉利L可湿粉剂作为对比,通过室内生测试验试验,测定寡聚酸碘对番茄病毒病中常见病原菌TMV的抑制效果、对番茄生长及及番茄幼苗茎尖中吲哚乙酸、赤霉素及叶绿素含量的影响。寡聚酸碘对TMV的抑制效果表现出良好的速效性和持效性,接种后17d,抑制效果从45.08%迅速提升到74.48%,接种21~35d,对TMV的抑制效果维持在80%以上。寡聚酸碘对TMV的EC50值为15.62mg/L,对TMV的抑制活性高于3%氨基寡糖素水剂寡聚酸碘处理,有效成分300.0mg/L的寡聚酸碘可作为抑制TMV活性的最优供试剂量;寡聚酸碘在300~1 200mg/L处理剂量下,对供试的3个番茄品种(L402、贝鲁特、粉多利)安全,未见任何药害症状,与CK、3%氨基寡糖素及50%腐霉利L可湿粉剂相比,可以明显提升番茄幼苗株高、茎尖内IAA、GA含量及叶片中总叶绿素含量。寡聚酸碘处理的番茄茎秆粗壮,叶色浓绿,生长性状良好。因此,寡聚酸碘具有抑制TMV活性及促进番茄生长的双重功效,开发利用前景良好。     

苯甲酰胺类磷酸二酯酶-4抑制剂的设计与合成

目的 合成6个苯甲酰胺类磷酸二酯酶-4抑制剂。方法 以异香兰素为原料,经过成醚反应、氧化反应、Schotten-Baumann反应等制备目标化合物。结果 成功制备了6个目标化合物：Benzoic acid,4-[[3-（isobutoxy）-4-methoxybenzoyl]amino]（T1）,Benzamide,4-[[3-（isobutoxy）-4-methoxybenzoyl]amino]（T2）,Benzamide,4-（isobutoxy）-3-methoxy-N-[4-[[（1-methylethyl）amino]sulfonyl]phenyl]（T3）,Benzoicacid,4-[[3-（cyclopentyloxy）-4-methoxybenzoyl]amino]（T4）,Benzamide,4-[[3-（cyclopentyloxy）-4-methoxybenzoyl]amino]（T5）,Benzamide,4-（cyclopentyloxy）-3-methoxy-N-[4-[[（1-methylethyl）amino]sulfonyl]phenyl]（T6）,收率分别为66.7%、65.7%、18.4%、46.7%、76.8%和12.4%,其中化合物T1、T2、T3、T5、T6为新化合物。结论 所得产物的化学结构经¹H-NMR、MS谱确证,与目标化合物相符。     

Rare Chromones from a Fungal Mutant of the Marine-Derived Penicillium purpurogenum G59

Three new and rare chromones, named epiremisporine B (2), epiremisporine B1 (3) and isoconiochaetone C (4), along with three known remisporine B (1), coniochaetone A (5) and methyl 8-hydroxy-6-methyl-9-oxo-9H-xanthene-1-carboxylate (6) were isolated from a mutant from the diethyl sulfate (DES) mutagenesis of a marine-derived Penicillium purpurogenum G59. The structures of 2–4 including the absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic methods, especially by NMR analysis and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) experiments in conjunction with calculations. The absolute configuration of the known remisporine B (1) was determined for the first time. Compounds 2 and 3 have a rare feature that has only been reported in one example so far. The compounds 1–6 were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against several human cancer cell lines. The present work explored the great potential of our previous DES mutagenesis strategy for activating silent fungal pathways, which has accelerated the discovery of new bioactive compounds.