胡陈港水库的浮游生物

１９９０的３－８月，对胡陈港水库浮游生物的种类和数量进行了调查。结果表明，胡陈港水库的浮游植物共５２属。其中，蓝藻门７属，绿藻门１９属，硅藻门１７属，裸藻门３属，甲藻门４属，金藻门１属，黄藻门１属。其年平均数为１３０．３９×１４＾４个／Ｌ，最高峰出现在７月份，为１６２．８６×１０＾４个／Ｌ。浮游动物３０属。其中，原生动物７属，轮虫１２属，枝角类２属，桡足类９属。其年平均数５４４０个／Ｌ，以轮虫占绝     

醋氨己酸锌的大鼠长期毒性实验研究

以大鼠80只,随机分4组(每组20只,简称A,B,C,D组),前3组分别用醋氨己酸锌225,450,900mg/kg·d连续口饲12周,各剂量组大鼠一般行为正常。体重、血常规、凝血时间、血小板计数,血液生化学指标:谷丙转氨酶(GPT)、谷草转氨酶(GOT)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、血糖(GLU)、总胆红素(TBili)、尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cree)、总胆固醇(TC-holes)与对照组(D组)相比无明显差异(P>0.05),病理解剖检查也未见异常。     

土壤起源与宜居地球的形成

在各种成土因素交互作用下,地球土壤起源和演变历经变化的环境和多种成土过程。研究表明最早的古风化壳出现在太古宙;而随着地球生物演进,生物因素加入风化成土作用与成土过程,土壤学家眼中的土壤形成、发育于寒武纪。漫长的地质历史时期不同的成土环境发育有各种类型土壤,这些土壤发育与演化过程又反作用于景观、地形、生态系统、气候系统,改变大气成分组成和地球化学循环,影响、反馈、调节全球或地区的表层系统,土壤圈的形成是宜居地球形成的重要标志。     

Risk factors for nuisance barking in dogs

Objective   To determine the key variables related to the environment, animal and owner that influence nuisance barking by dogs in a city with a subtropical climate.
Design and Population   A case–control survey of dog owners in Brisbane, Queensland, was conducted using a questionnaire investigating key variables connected to nuisance barking. Owners of dogs exhibiting nuisance barking were obtained from a list of dogs being treated in a Brisbane behaviour clinic, and those of control dogs were selected from a telephone directory.
Results   Univariate analysis showed that animal, owner and environmental factors all potentially influence the occurrence of nuisance barking. Multivariate analysis identified the following factors, with the relevant odds ratios (OR) as significant: age of the dog (young dog vs old dog, OR 11.2); multiple dogs in the household vs single (OR 5.6); origin of the dog (home bred vs obtained from breeder or friend, OR 4.0); type of dog, (herding vs other types, OR 3.2) and dog with access to the home vs dog without access (OR 2.5).
Conclusion   The greatest risk for nuisance barking occurs with a young dog of the herding type that is home bred and with access to the house in a multiple dog household.     

Comparison of serum lipid compositions, lipid peroxide, alpha-tocopherol and lipoproteins in captive marine mammals (bottlenose dolphins, spotted seals and West Indian manatees) and terrestrial mammals

Concentrations of serum lipid components, lipid peroxide (LPO) and α-tocopherol and electrophoretic patterns of lipoproteins in serum samples obtained from captive marine mammals and terrestrial mammals were compared. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol, free fatty acid, and phospholipid in fish-eating animals were significantly higher than those in manatees and cows. Serum LPO and α-tocopherol concentrations in the fish-eating animals were also significantly higher than those in manatees, cows and dogs. Different patterns of densitometric scans of low density lipoprotein (LDL) and a significantly lower percentage of LDL were demonstrated in the dolphins compared with the seals, cow and dogs. The concentration of LPO was significantly correlated with triglyceride and phospholipid concentrations in serum from the dolphins. These results suggest that triglyceride and phospholipid are susceptible to oxidative reaction in fish-eating animals. Evaluation of serum lipids, LPO and α-tocopherol concentrations is needed for nutritional husbandry for fish-eating animals.     

Resistance patterns and detection of aac(3)-IV gene in apramycin-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from farm animals and farm workers in northeastern of China

The aminoglycoside apramycin has been used widely in animal production in China since 1999. This study was aimed to investigate the resistance pattern of apramycin-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from farm animals and farm workers in northeastern of China during 2004–2007 and to determine whether resistance to apramycin was mediated by plasmid containing the aac(3)-IV gene and the mode for the transfer of genetic information between bacteria of farm animals and farm workers. Thirty six E. coli isolates of swine, chicken, and human origins, chosen randomly from 318 apramycin-resistant E. coli isolates of six farms in northeastern of China during 2004–2007, were multi-resistant and carried the aac(3)-IV gene encoding resistance to apramycin. Conjugation experiments demonstrated that in all 36 cases, the gene encoding resistance to apramycin was borne on a mobilisable plasmid. Homology analysis of the cloned aac(3)-IV gene with the sequence (accession no. X01385) in GenBank showed 99.3% identity at a nucleotide level, but only with a deletion of guanosine in position 813 of the gene in all 36 cases. The results indicted that resistance to apramycin in these isolates was closely related to aac(3)-IV gene. Therefore, the multi-resistance of E. coli could complicate therapeutic practices for enteric infections in both farm animals and human.     

动物疫苗的科学免疫

疫苗是用于预防动物传染病的生物药品,掌握有关购买、运输、保存和使用的正确方法,有助于充分发挥疫苗的功效。本文叙述了动物疫苗的科学免疫方法、使用技术和常见的问题。     

脑炎微孢子虫属3种微孢子虫的虫株未能感染食用动物

研究了脑炎微孢子虫属最常见的3种微孢子虫的虫株对于食用动物包括猪,牛,鸡,和火鸡的感染力.动物经口接种孢子后用2种方法来检测是否被感染,一种方法是在每日粪样中检测孢子,另一种方法是在动物接种21d后的器官组织学检查.尽管每种虫种的接种量高迭2×10~6至2×10~7个孢子,但是在每种动物都没有检测到感染.结果表明,本试验中所用的脑炎微孢子虫属的3种微孢子虫虫株缺乏对猪,牛,鸠和火鸡的感染力.     

益生菌对水产动物的作用研究进展

当宿主动物摄入适量活的微生物时,自身的免疫力得到提高,这类活的微生物即为益生菌.研究表明,益生菌能够改变宿主肠道内的微生物群体,进而大大降低病原菌占据肠道的机会;在动物体内产生消化酶,有助于加强宿主体内的营养代谢;刺激宿主自身免疫系统,改善水体环境,增强宿主的抗病性.益生菌的研究为水产养殖业朝着绿色健康养殖的方向发展提供了理论依据,是水产养殖病害防治的一个的新的方向,具有较好的发展前景.论文就益生菌的概念、免疫作用、定植机制等方面做一简述.     

Use and abuse of pyrethrins and synthetic pyrethroids in veterinary medicine

Pyrethrin and pyrethroid insecticides are widely used in veterinary medicine for agricultural and domestic purposes. Although pyrethrins and pyrethroids are generally regarded as safe to animals, there have been reports of systemic poisoning in veterinary species. This review summarises the use of pyrethrins and pyrethroids in companion and food producing animals, including their mechanism of action and toxicity. The toxicokinetics of pyrethrins and pyrethroids are described, including absorption, distribution, metabolism (including interactions with other compounds affecting drug metabolising enzymes) and excretion, leading to the application of toxicokinetic/toxicodynamic concepts. Specific cases of pyrethroid poisoning in laboratory animals (including age-related toxicity), fish, companion and large animals are considered, including the high incidence of feline pyrethroids toxicosis following the extra-label use of topical formulations.