水冷式猪床冬季保温措施对妊娠母猪小群饲养的影响

为探讨在冬季低温条件下水冷式猪床保温措施对妊娠母猪小群饲养的影响,试验选用16头配种4周左右的母猪,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组各2圈栏,每圈栏4头。在试验组猪床单元两端设有门帘来提高猪床内环境温度,测试各组环境温度及观察母猪行为。结果表明:单个猪床单元内1头猪躺卧时,试验组单元内温度比对照组和舍内温度平均分别高3.2和6.9℃,当试验组和对照组舍内温度分别高于11和12℃,均未出现2头猪挤在1个单元内躺卧。试验组与对照组相比,母猪每天平均躺卧时间(18.6和17.8h)和饮水次数(18.5和23.3)差异显著(P<0.05),咬链次数(14.0和19.0)差异极显著(P<0.01)。对照组在猪床单元内排便和排尿分别占总次数的1.8%和12.1%,而试验组分别为0和3.2%。研究结果表明,猪床门帘可提高母猪躺卧区的局部温度和减少母猪的刻板行为。     

重金属污染对土壤动物的影响

随着工业污染的加剧和农用化学物质的增加,土壤中的重金属污染日益严重,其中一部分重金属残留物被土壤动物吸收和富集后,通过食物链对动物和人类健康造成了很大的威胁.该文在讨论重金属富集特性的基础上,从个体、种群及群落水平上综合分析了重金属污染对土壤动物的毒害作用.并论述了土壤动物对重金属污染的解毒策略,最后从重金属污染的毒性测定方法、复合污染机制、分子机理研究和土壤动物的生态恢复作用等几个方面,阐述了当前研究主要动态和今后的发展趋势,旨在为今后的研究提供参考依据.     

畜禽骨骼标本工艺研究

本文通过对畜禽骨骼标本的取材、脱脂、安装造型等工艺的研究,提出了一套制作骨骼标本的新工艺,在骨骼脱脂、标本安装造型方法上作了较大的改进,实践证明新工艺是可行的。     

胡陈港水库的浮游生物

１９９０的３－８月，对胡陈港水库浮游生物的种类和数量进行了调查。结果表明，胡陈港水库的浮游植物共５２属。其中，蓝藻门７属，绿藻门１９属，硅藻门１７属，裸藻门３属，甲藻门４属，金藻门１属，黄藻门１属。其年平均数为１３０．３９×１４＾４个／Ｌ，最高峰出现在７月份，为１６２．８６×１０＾４个／Ｌ。浮游动物３０属。其中，原生动物７属，轮虫１２属，枝角类２属，桡足类９属。其年平均数５４４０个／Ｌ，以轮虫占绝     

醋氨己酸锌的大鼠长期毒性实验研究

以大鼠80只,随机分4组(每组20只,简称A,B,C,D组),前3组分别用醋氨己酸锌225,450,900mg/kg·d连续口饲12周,各剂量组大鼠一般行为正常。体重、血常规、凝血时间、血小板计数,血液生化学指标:谷丙转氨酶(GPT)、谷草转氨酶(GOT)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、血糖(GLU)、总胆红素(TBili)、尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cree)、总胆固醇(TC-holes)与对照组(D组)相比无明显差异(P>0.05),病理解剖检查也未见异常。     

土壤起源与宜居地球的形成

在各种成土因素交互作用下,地球土壤起源和演变历经变化的环境和多种成土过程。研究表明最早的古风化壳出现在太古宙;而随着地球生物演进,生物因素加入风化成土作用与成土过程,土壤学家眼中的土壤形成、发育于寒武纪。漫长的地质历史时期不同的成土环境发育有各种类型土壤,这些土壤发育与演化过程又反作用于景观、地形、生态系统、气候系统,改变大气成分组成和地球化学循环,影响、反馈、调节全球或地区的表层系统,土壤圈的形成是宜居地球形成的重要标志。     

Risk factors for nuisance barking in dogs

Objective   To determine the key variables related to the environment, animal and owner that influence nuisance barking by dogs in a city with a subtropical climate.
Design and Population   A case–control survey of dog owners in Brisbane, Queensland, was conducted using a questionnaire investigating key variables connected to nuisance barking. Owners of dogs exhibiting nuisance barking were obtained from a list of dogs being treated in a Brisbane behaviour clinic, and those of control dogs were selected from a telephone directory.
Results   Univariate analysis showed that animal, owner and environmental factors all potentially influence the occurrence of nuisance barking. Multivariate analysis identified the following factors, with the relevant odds ratios (OR) as significant: age of the dog (young dog vs old dog, OR 11.2); multiple dogs in the household vs single (OR 5.6); origin of the dog (home bred vs obtained from breeder or friend, OR 4.0); type of dog, (herding vs other types, OR 3.2) and dog with access to the home vs dog without access (OR 2.5).
Conclusion   The greatest risk for nuisance barking occurs with a young dog of the herding type that is home bred and with access to the house in a multiple dog household.     

Comparison of serum lipid compositions, lipid peroxide, alpha-tocopherol and lipoproteins in captive marine mammals (bottlenose dolphins, spotted seals and West Indian manatees) and terrestrial mammals

Concentrations of serum lipid components, lipid peroxide (LPO) and α-tocopherol and electrophoretic patterns of lipoproteins in serum samples obtained from captive marine mammals and terrestrial mammals were compared. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol, free fatty acid, and phospholipid in fish-eating animals were significantly higher than those in manatees and cows. Serum LPO and α-tocopherol concentrations in the fish-eating animals were also significantly higher than those in manatees, cows and dogs. Different patterns of densitometric scans of low density lipoprotein (LDL) and a significantly lower percentage of LDL were demonstrated in the dolphins compared with the seals, cow and dogs. The concentration of LPO was significantly correlated with triglyceride and phospholipid concentrations in serum from the dolphins. These results suggest that triglyceride and phospholipid are susceptible to oxidative reaction in fish-eating animals. Evaluation of serum lipids, LPO and α-tocopherol concentrations is needed for nutritional husbandry for fish-eating animals.     

Resistance patterns and detection of aac(3)-IV gene in apramycin-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from farm animals and farm workers in northeastern of China

The aminoglycoside apramycin has been used widely in animal production in China since 1999. This study was aimed to investigate the resistance pattern of apramycin-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from farm animals and farm workers in northeastern of China during 2004–2007 and to determine whether resistance to apramycin was mediated by plasmid containing the aac(3)-IV gene and the mode for the transfer of genetic information between bacteria of farm animals and farm workers. Thirty six E. coli isolates of swine, chicken, and human origins, chosen randomly from 318 apramycin-resistant E. coli isolates of six farms in northeastern of China during 2004–2007, were multi-resistant and carried the aac(3)-IV gene encoding resistance to apramycin. Conjugation experiments demonstrated that in all 36 cases, the gene encoding resistance to apramycin was borne on a mobilisable plasmid. Homology analysis of the cloned aac(3)-IV gene with the sequence (accession no. X01385) in GenBank showed 99.3% identity at a nucleotide level, but only with a deletion of guanosine in position 813 of the gene in all 36 cases. The results indicted that resistance to apramycin in these isolates was closely related to aac(3)-IV gene. Therefore, the multi-resistance of E. coli could complicate therapeutic practices for enteric infections in both farm animals and human.     

动物疫苗的科学免疫

疫苗是用于预防动物传染病的生物药品,掌握有关购买、运输、保存和使用的正确方法,有助于充分发挥疫苗的功效。本文叙述了动物疫苗的科学免疫方法、使用技术和常见的问题。