影响高粱饲用价值主要内在因素及其对策

大量研究结果显示,饲用高粱含有3种物质不利于高粱在动物体内的消化,一是酚类化合物,二是醇溶蛋白,三是植酸。本文从3类化合物的特征、对消化酶的抑制作用、醇溶蛋白与淀粉以及氨基酸的消化率、植酸和植酸磷以及酶制剂在高粱型畜禽饲粮中的应用等方面,就高粱在动物饲料应用的研究动态和进展进行了简要综述。     

Visual landmark‐directed scatter‐hoarding of Siberian chipmunks Tamias sibiricus

Spatial memory of cached food items plays an important role in cache recovery by scatter‐hoarding animals. However, whether scatter‐hoarding animals intentionally select cache sites with respect to visual landmarks in the environment and then rely on them to recover their cached seeds for later use has not been extensively explored. Furthermore, there is a lack of evidence on whether there are sex differences in visual landmark‐based food‐hoarding behaviors in small rodents even though male and female animals exhibit different spatial abilities. In the present study, we used a scatter‐hoarding animal, the Siberian chipmunk, Tamias sibiricus to explore these questions in semi‐natural enclosures. Our results showed that T. sibiricus preferred to establish caches in the shallow pits labeled with visual landmarks (branches of Pinus sylvestris, leaves of Athyrium brevifrons and PVC tubes). In addition, visual landmarks of P. sylvestris facilitated cache recovery by T. sibiricus. We also found significant sex differences in visual landmark‐based food‐hoarding strategies in Siberian chipmunks. Males, rather than females, chipmunks tended to establish their caches with respect to the visual landmarks. Our studies show that T. sibiricus rely on visual landmarks to establish and recover their caches, and that sex differences exist in visual landmark‐based food hoarding in Siberian chipmunks.     

Influence of Cognettia sphagnetorum (Oligochaeta: Enchytraeidae) on nitrogen mineralization in homogenized mor humus

Summary The influence of the enchytraeid species Cognettia sphagnetorum on N mineralization in homogenized mor humus was examined in a laboratory study. The mor humus was incubated in containers (150 ml) for 8 months at various temperatures and with different moisture levels. Two series were used, one with C. sphagnetorum and one without. The presence of enchytraeids in the cultures increased the level of NH₄ ⁺ and NO₃ ^- by about 18% compared with the cultures without enchytraeids. Almost 40% of this difference was explained by the decomposition of dead enchytraeids. Temperature and soil moisture were the most important factors controlling the mineralization rate. The optimum moisture for N mineralization was between pF 1.6 and 1.1.Dedicated to the late Prof. Dr. W. Kühnelt     

《水产动物生理学》实验教学改革初探

对目前《水产动物生理学》实验教学中存在的问题进行了分析,并对该课程的实验教学改革进行探讨。     

毛皮动物野生习性调查与驯化技术

毛皮动物一般指那些能提供高档裘皮产品的动物,属于野生或经过人工驯化饲养的哺乳类动物。作者对毛皮动物的栖息环境、采食习性、行为等野生习性及驯化的关键问题和方法进行了综述。     

脑炎微孢子虫属3种微孢子虫的虫株未能感染食用动物

研究了脑炎微孢子虫属最常见的3种微孢子虫的虫株对于食用动物包括猪,牛,鸡,和火鸡的感染力.动物经口接种孢子后用2种方法来检测是否被感染,一种方法是在每日粪样中检测孢子,另一种方法是在动物接种21d后的器官组织学检查.尽管每种虫种的接种量高迭2×10~6至2×10~7个孢子,但是在每种动物都没有检测到感染.结果表明,本试验中所用的脑炎微孢子虫属的3种微孢子虫虫株缺乏对猪,牛,鸠和火鸡的感染力.     

Risk factors for nuisance barking in dogs

Objective   To determine the key variables related to the environment, animal and owner that influence nuisance barking by dogs in a city with a subtropical climate.
Design and Population   A case–control survey of dog owners in Brisbane, Queensland, was conducted using a questionnaire investigating key variables connected to nuisance barking. Owners of dogs exhibiting nuisance barking were obtained from a list of dogs being treated in a Brisbane behaviour clinic, and those of control dogs were selected from a telephone directory.
Results   Univariate analysis showed that animal, owner and environmental factors all potentially influence the occurrence of nuisance barking. Multivariate analysis identified the following factors, with the relevant odds ratios (OR) as significant: age of the dog (young dog vs old dog, OR 11.2); multiple dogs in the household vs single (OR 5.6); origin of the dog (home bred vs obtained from breeder or friend, OR 4.0); type of dog, (herding vs other types, OR 3.2) and dog with access to the home vs dog without access (OR 2.5).
Conclusion   The greatest risk for nuisance barking occurs with a young dog of the herding type that is home bred and with access to the house in a multiple dog household.     

益生菌对水产动物的作用研究进展

当宿主动物摄入适量活的微生物时,自身的免疫力得到提高,这类活的微生物即为益生菌.研究表明,益生菌能够改变宿主肠道内的微生物群体,进而大大降低病原菌占据肠道的机会;在动物体内产生消化酶,有助于加强宿主体内的营养代谢;刺激宿主自身免疫系统,改善水体环境,增强宿主的抗病性.益生菌的研究为水产养殖业朝着绿色健康养殖的方向发展提供了理论依据,是水产养殖病害防治的一个的新的方向,具有较好的发展前景.论文就益生菌的概念、免疫作用、定植机制等方面做一简述.     

Comparison of serum lipid compositions, lipid peroxide, alpha-tocopherol and lipoproteins in captive marine mammals (bottlenose dolphins, spotted seals and West Indian manatees) and terrestrial mammals

Concentrations of serum lipid components, lipid peroxide (LPO) and α-tocopherol and electrophoretic patterns of lipoproteins in serum samples obtained from captive marine mammals and terrestrial mammals were compared. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol, free fatty acid, and phospholipid in fish-eating animals were significantly higher than those in manatees and cows. Serum LPO and α-tocopherol concentrations in the fish-eating animals were also significantly higher than those in manatees, cows and dogs. Different patterns of densitometric scans of low density lipoprotein (LDL) and a significantly lower percentage of LDL were demonstrated in the dolphins compared with the seals, cow and dogs. The concentration of LPO was significantly correlated with triglyceride and phospholipid concentrations in serum from the dolphins. These results suggest that triglyceride and phospholipid are susceptible to oxidative reaction in fish-eating animals. Evaluation of serum lipids, LPO and α-tocopherol concentrations is needed for nutritional husbandry for fish-eating animals.