石灰岩山地根瘤菌对台湾相思苗木生长效应

从石灰岩山地不同立地条件的台湾相思林分中采集根瘤并分离获得12株根瘤菌,将其接种到台湾相思盆栽苗木中,5个月后测量苗木的株高、地径、生物量及根瘤结瘤情况。试验结果表明:①在石灰岩山地的台湾相思林分中,根瘤数量较多的是中、下坡,最少的是下坡;单个根瘤平均质量最重的是中坡,上坡和下坡次之,表明石灰岩山地的中坡最适合根瘤菌生长。②供试的12株菌株回接到台湾相思苗木后能全部侵染苗木根部并结成有效根瘤;与对照比较,菌株回接都不同程度地促进台湾相思苗木的株高、地径、生物量的增长,增长幅度分别为1.7%~39.0%、1.7%~18.1%和21.4%~135.7%;根瘤生物量也比对照增长3.04~12.94倍。综合分析结果表明,台4、台10菌株为优良菌株。     

毛竹林理水固土功能评述

从毛竹林林冠对降雨的再分配功能、林下枯落物对水源的涵养功能和毛竹林地下鞭根系统固土功能等三方面对毛竹林的理水固土功能进行了简单地评述,并对该方向的研究重点提出一些自己的看法.     

Generalized height–diameter models—an application for major tree species in complex stands of interior British Columbia

Using permanent sample-plot data, selected tree height and diameter functions were evaluated for their predictive abilities for major tree species in complex (multiple age, size and species cohort) stands of interior British Columbia (BC), Canada. Two sets of models were evaluated. The first set included five models for estimating height as a function of individual tree diameter, the second set also included five models for estimating height as a function of individual tree diameter and other stand-level attributes. The inclusion of the BAL index (which simultaneously indicates the relative position of a tree and stand density) into the base height–diameter models increased the accuracy of prediction for all species. On average, by including stand level attributes, root mean square values were reduced by 30.0 cm. Based on the residual plots and fit statistics, these models can be recommended for estimating tree heights for major tree species in complex stands of interior BC. The model coefficients are documented for future use.     

Spatial patterns in mixed coniferous even-aged,uneven-aged and conversion stands

Different methodological approaches from the field of spatial statistics, the index of cluster size (ICS) and quadrat methods such as the two-term and three-term local quadrat variance (TTLQV and 3TLQV) and the new local variance (NLV) were tested to find a simple spatial measure to classify mixed coniferous uneven-aged, even-aged and conversion stands in the central Black Forest area of Germany. Altogether six stands were analysed with regularly distributed sample plots of 0.25 ha (50×50 m), each subdivided into 25 quadrats of 10×10 m. In each of the quadrats, diameter at breast height (dbh) for trees of the overstory (dbh>7 cm) was assessed and classified into three diameter classes. Height measurements were used to develop specific stand height curves for each stand and to calculate the standing volume per tree and per quadrat. The even-aged stands showed a regular distribution of the standing volume, while the conversion and uneven-aged stands were more clustered. This was detected using ICS, which proved to be a simple but very efficient measure for stand structure. The ICS also showed a highly random distribution of small and medium trees and a regular distribution of large trees of the overstory in the uneven-aged stand. Large and medium trees of one even-aged stand were also regularly distributed while conversion stands showed a regular, random or slightly clustered distribution of these trees. The more uneven the ages in the stands were, the larger were the phases detected by the NLV. The findings of the ICS were generally supported by the TTLQV and 3TLQV. The more uneven the ages in a stand were, the less clustered were the trees of different sizes of the understory. Clustering also decreased with increasing height of understory trees. The patterns detected in the investigated stands were related to the effect of different management regimes. Implications for the management of conversions stands based on the findings of the study are given.     

Forest condition and management in Swedish forest commons

Forest commons are regarded as a means to support local development and sustainable forest conditions. To evaluate the development impact of Swedish forest commons, comparative surveys have been undertaken in three regions, and the differences in forest condition and management between categories of commons as well as their relation to other forest ownerships have been assessed. Regional differences between the by-laws, historical development and geographical conditions are apparent. It is concluded that two of three regions have an overly restrictive harvesting policy given the purpose of the forest commons and the official forest policy. The study results underline the importance of evaluation of the performance of forest management in relation to management objectives, to ownership alternatives and to the impact of local variations in preconditions.     

联营林场红松天然母树林的经营

本文对联营林场红松天然母树林的经营谈了一套实践经验 ;红松优良林分的选择标准 ;促进红松母树结实的疏伐 ;如何加强经营管理及组织好林木种子的生产。     

黑龙江省森工国有林区天保工程成就浅析

本文通过对管护经营责任制、森林覆盖率的提高、安置富余职工、产品结构调整、经济发展、社会稳定等方面的论述 ,分析了黑龙江省森工国有林区天然林保护工程取得的成就 ,指出了存在的问题。     

Vegetation structure,composition and effect of pine plantation harvesting on riparian buffers in New Zealand

The composition and structure of vegetation within riparian buffers prior to, and immediately post-harvesting in a managed radiata pine (Pinus radiata D.Don) forest is described and compared with riparian buffers in residual adjoining native forest on the Coromandel Peninsula, New Zealand. One hundred and twenty-one species (71% native) representing life forms from grasses to trees were recorded. The highest species richness, including both native and adventive (non-native) species, was found in riparian buffers in the post-harvest and native reference sites which had 18–25 species per site. Riparian buffers in mature pine plantations contained a mix of native species that was generally similar to, and not significantly reduced in species richness, from the reference native forest. Native species comprised 82–92% of the total cover in mature pre-harvest sites (irrespective of riparian width), and 99.8% in native reference sites. Compared with native forest the principal difference was a reduction of total cover in the upper tiers (5–12 m), and some increase in cover in the lower tiers. Adventive species in post-harvest sites comprised 16–67% of the total cover and were most frequently found in riparian areas highly disturbed by recent harvesting of the pines, particularly where riparian buffers were narrow or absent. Invasion by light-demanding adventives is expected to be temporary and most species are likely to be shaded out as the new rotation of pine trees develops. Radiata pine plantations in Whangapoua Forest can provide suitable conditions for the development of riparian buffer zones that will become dominated by native species, similar in richness and structure to neighbouring native forest.     

国内外商品林建设的现状分析

本文论述了我国商品林建设重要性，分析了国外商品林建设的成功经验，对我国商品林建设提出了建设性意见和措施。     

Sedimentation associated with forest road surfacing in a bottomland hardwood ecosystem

Access systems are a necessary element of resource production in bottomland hardwood sites. However, road building may have a detrimental effect on hydrologic function of the site. This report describes initial results of a study designed to examine the effect of different road surfacing treatments on water quality.

Four surfacing treatments installed on two test roads included native soil, native soil with vegetative stabilization, 6 cm of gravel, and 15 cm of gravel over geotextile. During the first flooding season periodic sampling measured floodwater suspended sediments and location of erosion and sediment deposition within the road prism. Initial results suggest that sediment movement was confined to the road right-of-way, with no statistically significant sedimentation effects detected beyond the clearing limits of the road. The study is continuing for another field season.