Basic characterization of avian β‐defensin genes in the Japanese quail,Coturnix japonica

In this study, we identified a cluster of 14 avian β‐defensins (AvBD; approximately 66 kbp) in the Japanese quail, Coturnix japonica. Except for AvBD12 (CjAvBD12) and ‐13, the CjAvBDs coding sequences exhibited greater than 78.0% similarity to the respective orthologous chicken AvBD genes (GgAvBD). The putative amino acid sequence encoded by each CjAvBD contained six cysteine residues and the GXC (X1‐2) motif considered essential for the β‐defensin family. Each CjAvBDs also formed a sub‐group with the respective orthologous genes of various bird species in a phylogenetic tree analysis. Synteny between the CjAvBD cluster and GgAvBD cluster was confirmed. The CjAvBD cluster was mapped on the long‐arm end of chromosome 3 by linkage analysis based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CjAvBD1 and CjAvBD12 (approximately 46kbp), as well as GgAvBD cluster. We also confirmed that CjAvBD1, ‐4, ‐5, ‐9, and ‐10 are transcribed in 20 tissues, including immune and digestive tissues. However, our experimental data indicated that the CjAvBD cluster lacks the AvBD3 and ‐7 loci, whereas the CjAvBD101α, ‐101β, and ‐101θ loci arose from gene duplication of the AvBD6 orthologous locus in the CjAvBD cluster after differentiation between Coturnix ‐ Gallus.     

花生防御素基因的克隆及原核表达

植物防御素是植物免疫系统的一员,具有防御病原菌侵染植物的功能。本文采用RACE法成功地克隆花生防御素基因,并对其原核表达蛋白进行研究。研究结果表明,采用RACE方法克隆花生防御素基因（AhORRP）,得到的cDNA全长为585bp,含一个225bp的开放阅读框（open reading frame,ORF）,编码75个氨基酸;经同源分析,花生防御素蛋白与其它物种具有33％～70％的同源性。原核表达获得大小约28kD AhDRRP融合蛋白。该基因的克隆及其原核表达融合蛋白的获取为花生防御素功能鉴定打下一定基础。     

动物防御素研究进展

防御素(defensin)是一族具有广谱抗微生物和细胞毒活性的多肽,是天然免疫的重要介质,属内源性抗生素肽(endogenous antibiotic peptides)家族.介绍了动物防御素的分布、结构、表达、作用机理等方面的内容.     

兔防御素基因在毕赤酵母中的串连表达及抑菌机理研究

根据毕赤酵母Pichia pastoris密码子偏爱性重编兔防御素基因(Neutrophils peptide-1,pNP-1),设计4条引物搭桥合成.将pNP-1克隆到pPICZα-A载体,使用同尾酶Xho Ⅰ和SalⅠ在重组载体上构建多价串联体[pNP-1(2×)]和[ pNP-1(3×)],分别对这3个基因进行毕...     

Molecular analysis of resistance mechanisms to Orobanche cumana in sunflower

Resistance to the dicotyledenous parasite Orobanche cumana in sunflower is characterized by a low number of parasitic attachments and a confinement of the parasite in host tissues leading to its necrosis. To help understand what determines such resistance mechanisms, molecular, biochemical and histological approaches were employed before (early response) and after (late response) attachment of the broomrape parasite to susceptible (2603) and resistant (LR1) sunflower genotypes. The expression patterns of 11 defence-related genes known to be involved in different metabolic pathways (phenylpropanoids, jasmonate, ethylene) and/or in resistance mechanisms against microorganisms were investigated. RT-PCR and cDNA blot experiments revealed that the resistant genotype exhibited a stronger overall defence response against O. cumana than the susceptible one, involving marker genes of the jasmonate (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) pathways. Among them, the SA-responsive gene, def. (defensin), appeared to be characteristic of LR1 sunflower resistance. However, no JA accumulation and similar SA contents (250–300 ng g⁻¹ FW) were measured by GC/MS in both genotypes, parasitized or not. In addition, three cDNAs, isolated by a suppression-subtractive hybridization, were shown to be strongly induced only in the resistant genotype 8 days post-inoculation, when the first O. cumana attachments occurred. These genes, putatively encoding a methionine synthase, a glutathione S-transferase and a quinone oxidoreductase, might be involved in detoxification of reactive oxygen species, suggesting the occurrence of an oxidative burst during the incompatible interaction. Finally, host cell-wall modifications leading to parasite-confinement were correlated with more intense callose depositions in the resistant genotype, concomitant with over-expression of the callose synthase cDNA HaGSL1 .     

兔防御素cDNA表达质粒的构建及其表达

将兔防御素（MCP－1）cDNA插入真核表达载体pcDNA3的EcorRⅠ和XbaⅠ酶切位点之间，构建了兔MCP－1cDNA的真核表达质粒pcDEF。通过脂质体转染，使兔MCP－1 cDNA在COS－7细胞中表达，在转染60、84、108h后，提取总RNA。采用RT－PCR，在288bp的位置扩增出1条特异性带；RNA斑点印迹杂交表明，兔MCP－1 cDNA在60、84、108h均有表达。     

利用花粉管通道法将兔防御素NP-1基因导入小麦的研究

兔防御素NP-1是抗性谱最广的防御素之一。为提高小麦的抗病虫能力,培育优质高抗的小麦品种,采用花粉管通道法将兔防御素NP-1基因导入优质小麦品种G8901。对得到的193株T0植株进行抗除草剂筛选,获得4株抗性植株。通过PCR及PCR-Southern杂交,证实了NP-1基因已经整合到转基因植株的基因组中,并稳定遗传到T1。田间抗病虫鉴定结果表明,这些植株对于白粉病、叶锈和条锈病有较强的免疫力和抗性,但对于蚜虫的抗性没有明显提高。     

东莨菪素包衣种子诱导大豆抗灰斑病研究

为研究东莨菪素（一类香豆素类植物保卫素）对大豆灰斑病的防治效果，本研究通过室内试验，盆栽试验和田间小区试验，调查了东莨菪素对大豆灰斑病的防效及促生作用。结果表明：东莨菪素对灰斑病菌有显著的抑制效果。在东莨菪素浓度为8.10 mg/L时对灰斑病的诱抗效果较好，且处理后的大豆叶片内东莨菪素含量显著上升，在田间试验中，对株高、鲜重、主根长等生理指标有促进作用，且抗病性显著增加。      

山羊β-防御素表达载体的构建及产物的活性鉴定

对山羊GBD-1进行载体构建,转到毕赤酵母中高效表达并对表达产物的生物学活性进行鉴定,为进一步研究防御素抗菌机理打下基础。根据GenBank中山羊β-防御素的CDS区序列,设计含有特殊酶切位点的引物扩增到目的片段,将该片段克隆到真核表达载体pPICZαA中,构建重组表达质粒pPICZαA/GBD-1,电转化到毕赤酵母中进行诱导表达。测序结果表明扩增的目的片段为114 bp,编码38个氨基酸,经Tricine-SDS-PAGE电泳验证在4.3 KD处有目的蛋白;作抑菌实验发现,重组蛋白对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌有明显的抑菌效果。山羊防御素成功地在毕赤酵母中诱导表达,为进一步研究GBD-1的蛋白纯化以及抗菌机理打下基础,并为利用基因工程方法生产防御素提供理论依据。     

西瓜ClPDF2.1蛋白的原核表达及其对香蕉枯萎病菌的抑制活性测定

尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型侵染香蕉引起的香蕉枯萎病严重危害中国香蕉产业。植物防卫素是一类小的富含半胱氨酸的抗真菌蛋白。本研究旨在了解西瓜（Citrullus lanatus）防卫素蛋白ClPDF2.1对香蕉枯萎病菌的抑制活性。提取西瓜RNA后反转录为cDNA,以西瓜cDNA为模板,克隆ClPDF2.1基因,将测序正确的ClPDF2.1连接到载体pGEX-6P-1,随后转化Trans BL21(DE3)pLysS,IPTG 诱导GST-ClPDF2.1融合蛋白表达16 h后,经SDS-PAGE电泳及Western blot鉴定GST-ClPDF2.1融合蛋白的表达,进行GST-ClPDF2.1融合蛋白体外抑制香蕉枯萎病菌生长的功能初探。本研究为进一步培育转基因香蕉抗病品种奠定基础。